Its easy to get sick of having the same weather day after day， but drastic changes can really shake people up. These are some of the rarest natural phenomena out there—some are beautiful， and others are deadly.

日復(fù)一日相似的天氣很容易讓人厭倦，但劇烈的天氣變化著實(shí)會(huì)讓人大吃一驚。這里列出的是一些極為罕見(jiàn)的自然現(xiàn)象——其中一些美輪美奐，還有一些可怕致命。

Solar Tsunami

太陽(yáng)海嘯

In the middle of the year 2013， two satellites caught something unusual happening on the surface of the sun. A tsunami was rolling on its surface as a reaction to a coronal mass ejection into space.

2013年年中時(shí)，兩顆衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測(cè)到太陽(yáng)表面出現(xiàn)了不尋常的現(xiàn)象。一場(chǎng)“海嘯”正在其表面滾動(dòng)，這是日冕物質(zhì)拋射進(jìn)入太空所產(chǎn)生的反應(yīng)。

The Japanese satellite Hindoe and the Solar Dynamics Observatory （SDO） are instrumental in researching events that happen on the sun， and they both study its ultraviolet light to establish the exact conditions on the surface. Hindoe was also thought to have gathered enough data for experts to finally figure out why the corona of the sun is thousands of degrees hotter than its surface. It was during all of this research that scientists became aware of shock waves following the coronal mass ejection. This incident was very similar to the movement of a tsunami on Earth after an earthquake has taken place.

日本衛(wèi)星Hindoe與太陽(yáng)動(dòng)力學(xué)天文臺(tái)在探索太陽(yáng)上發(fā)生的事件上起了重要作用，并且他們還一同研究太陽(yáng)紫外線，以確定太陽(yáng)表面的準(zhǔn)確情況。Hindoe還為專(zhuān)家們收集了足夠多的證據(jù)，幫助專(zhuān)家最終弄明白為何太陽(yáng)日冕層比太陽(yáng)表面要灼熱數(shù)千度。在整個(gè)研究過(guò)程中，科學(xué)家逐漸意識(shí)到，日冕物質(zhì)拋射后，隨之而至的是沖擊波。這一現(xiàn)象與地球上地震后隨之發(fā)生海嘯相似。

Inversion Clouds

逆溫云

Just after Thanksgiving in 2013， visitors at the Grand Canyon noticed something weird—the canyon was rapidly filling up with a thick fog. Tourists were left in awe when the fog rolled into the park and eventually formed what looked like a waterfall of clouds. This weather anomaly is known as an inversion.

2013年，就在感恩節(jié)之后，科羅拉多大峽谷的游客們注意到一件奇怪的事——一種濃霧正迅速地填滿(mǎn)峽谷。當(dāng)濃霧席卷整個(gè)公園，最后看起來(lái)就像是云瀑布時(shí)，人們陷入了恐慌。這種異常的天氣現(xiàn)象就是逆溫。

An inversion is caused by cold air remaining near the ground and warmer air moving over it. The inversion at the Grand Canyon started when a storm moved through just before the holiday， causing the ground to freeze. When the warmer air then moved through afterward， the beautiful inversion phenomenon took place. Rangers at the park confirmed that much smaller inversions occur fairly often， but the larger ones that fill up the entire canyon only happen every ten years or so. This one lasted the whole day， with the fog only dissipating when it started getting dark.

逆溫的形成是由于冷空氣停留在了近地面，而溫度更高的空氣持續(xù)上升。在感恩節(jié)的前一天，一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨襲擊了科羅拉多大峽谷，導(dǎo)致地面冰凍。隨后，當(dāng)溫暖的氣流開(kāi)始向上移動(dòng)，就帶來(lái)了美麗的逆溫現(xiàn)象。公園管理員表示，小范圍的逆溫現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)常見(jiàn)，但大范圍的發(fā)生于整個(gè)峽谷的逆溫現(xiàn)象大約十年才發(fā)生一次。這次的現(xiàn)象持續(xù)了一整天，霧氣直到夜色降臨時(shí)才逐漸散去。

Colorful Solar Storm

五彩繽紛的太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴

We all know the northern lights， which usually appear as blue and green swirls in the sky. However， sometimes solar storms are so intense that they cause a kaleidoscope of colors to appear and can also be seen in regions where people have never witnessed them before. In 2012， one of these intense solar storms created a particularly beautiful aurora over Crater Lake in Oregon. It was believed by scientists that two clouds of glowing particles were flung toward Earth by sunspots bigger than our planet. The intensity of the auroras caused them to be seen as far as Maryland and Wisconsin.

我們都知道北極光，通常在天空中呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色和綠色的漩渦。但有時(shí)候，太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴異常猛烈，會(huì)出現(xiàn)萬(wàn)花筒般五顏六色的北極光，而且還會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些之前從未有過(guò)此現(xiàn)象的地方，讓當(dāng)?shù)厝艘欢脼榭臁?012年，一場(chǎng)猛烈的太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴給美國(guó)俄勒岡州的火山口湖上空帶來(lái)了極其美麗的北極光。科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，比我們的星球大得多的太陽(yáng)黑子攜兩朵帶有發(fā)光粒子的云猛沖向地球。北極光的強(qiáng)度有限，最遠(yuǎn)只能在馬里蘭州和威斯康星州看得見(jiàn)。

Thundersnow

冬雪驚雷

Residents of the east coast of the United States were experiencing an ordinary snow storm in 2011 when they suddenly witnessed flashes of lightning and streaks of thunder intermingled with the snow. Thundersnow was happening right in front of their eyes.

2011年，美國(guó)東海岸正經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)常見(jiàn)的暴風(fēng)雪，就在這時(shí)，居民目睹了夾雜著大雪的閃電與驚雷。冬雪驚雷就發(fā)生在他們眼前。

Thundersnow mimics the inner workings of a normal thunderstorm by forming through the upward movement of humid air. Its the combination of lower humid air and higher cooler air that cause lightning and thunderstorms. Weather experts noted that the occurrence of thundersnow likely means more heavy snowfalls. Researchers have found that theres an over 80 percent chance that a minimum of 6-inch deep snow will fall within a radius of 70 miles of the lighting flash taking place during a snowstorm.

冬雪驚雷形成的內(nèi)部機(jī)制與普通的雷暴相似，都是濕潤(rùn)空氣上升而成。低空的濕氣遭遇高空冷空氣，兩者結(jié)合導(dǎo)致了閃電與雷暴。氣象專(zhuān)家解釋?zhuān)@雷的發(fā)生可能意味著更大的降雪。研究者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪中，半徑70英里的閃電將帶來(lái)至少6英尺厚的積雪，這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的概率在80%以上。