李戍武 覃潁 馬進 黃超葉

摘要 Based on investigation on English learners from high school students to university students， It is very hard for them to write an accurate sentences. Even some of English high-score learners say they write English sentences by language sense. They can not tell you why it is right or wrong. From this thesis， the author takes basic typical clauses for examples to let English learners compose authentic sentences by English rules.

[關(guān)鍵詞]Basic Typical Clauses， English Rules

Theories for basic typical clauses

A book written by Bo bin sorts basic typical clauses by seven types： SV， SVA， SVO， SVOA， SVC， SVoO， SVOC （ Bo， Bin， 2001： p522）. Zhang Zhengbang also divides basic typical clauses into seven categories ： SV， SVA， SVO， SVOA， SVC， SVoO， SVOC （Zhang， Zhenbang， 2009：p18）. See Exhibit I Basic Typical Clauses

EXHIBIT I Basic Typical Clauses

1.S + V

E.g. Iron rusts.

2.S+V+O

E.g. I want a return ticket.

3.S+V+C

E.g. That car is new.

4.S+V+o+O

E.g. I sent him a telegram.

5.S+V+O+C

E.g. We made him our spokesman.

6.S+V+A

E.g. I live in Beijing.

7.S+V+O+A

E.g. She speaks English fluently.

They two only show the readers what “S”， “V”，”O(jiān)”， “C” and “A” are. As a result， Lots of English teachers teach students only the face value of basic sentences according to current hot grammar books. The author with several year experience of learning and teaching English has discovered English learners understand basic sentences well. The rate of writing right sentences is higher than that by language sense.

The link between sentences

Sentences are divided into basic sentences， compound sentences and complex sentences. See Exhibit II：

Compound and complex sentences include basic sentences. We can defines basic sentences as the root of them. Some sentences are chosen as examples.

Groups for compound sentences

1.He had plenty of money （SVO） and he spent it freely（SVOA）. （progressive sentence）

2.Either you are right （SVC）， or I am （SVC）. （choice sentence）

3.He likes pop music （SVO）， while I am fond of folk music （SVC）. （adversative sentence）

Groups for complex sentences

1.She is the girl who lives next door （main：SVC/subordinate：SV）. （attributive clause）

2. What he said is right （main：SVO/subordinate：SVC）. （subjective clause）

3. I cant imagine how he did it （ main：SVO/subordinate：SVO）. （ objective clause）

From the examples of compound and complex sentences， we can find the rule that firstly each sentence adds some linking words （ and， or， while， who， what， how）， then basic sentences （from 1 to7） occur again. In conclusion， compound and complex sentences can be composed by such formula I：

One basic sentence + linking words + another basic sentence

E.g. 1.She is the girl （S+V+C） +who （linking word）+ lives next door. （ S+V）

2.He had plenty of money （SVO） +and （linking word）+ （he spent it freely（SVO）

The rules for extensive basic sentences

To extend basic sentences should follow these rules below：

a. I go on Sunday.（S+Vi+Preposition+O1）

b. I go to play football. （S+Vi+Infinitive “to”+Vt+O1）

c. I go Sunday. （S+V）

d.I write a letter into your dream. （S+Vt+O1+Preposition+O2）

f. I run fast into a very dirty room. （S+Vi+Preposition+O1）

From the five sentences above， We can take a note as followed：

Basic sentences （S+Vi and S+Vt+O） could have extensive parts （O1，O2 and to）， but it should follow the rules：

- Preposition pluses O （see a，d and f examples above）

-Two verbs should insert“to” （see b） between them.

- Adjectives qualify Noun （see d and f）

- Adverbs qualify verbs or adjectives （see c and f）

From the explanation above， lets illustrate a S+V sentence：

A girl （S） runs （Vi）

I. A beautiful girl runs.

II. A beautiful girl runs fast.

III. A beautiful girl runs fast into a room.

IV. A beautiful girl runs fast into a dirty room.

V. A beautiful girl runs fast into a very dirty room.

A supplement to construction of basic sentences

When we take the above methods to make a sentence， we still need to think twice. Lets have a look at Exhibit III below：

EXBIHIT III Connection between Thoughts and A Culture

From the Exhibit II， we know the thoughts can become behaviors， then end up a culture. Conversely a culture can impress the thoughts. West peoples way of thinking is a line. A line hints simpleness and logic. So the sentences in English should be simple and logic. Examples are as followed：

Right： I go to school to see my teacher.

Wrong： I go to school to see my teacher to brush the blackboard to

drink a cup of tea. （Logic is confused）

Right： She is a beautiful girl.

Wrong： She is a girl who is beautiful. （complex）

From the examples above， the sentences over， we still should evaluate whether it complies with the rule， simpleness and logic.

Conclusion

Either an English learner is a rookie or veteran. The basic sentences and rules for extension sentences understood， you write a right sentence easier than before. The basic sentences are the root of compound and complex sentences.

Bibliography

[1] Bo Bin：An Advanced English Grammar. Beijing： World Affairs Press 2001.

[2] Zhang Zhengbang： A New-English Grammar Coursebook. Shanghai： Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 2009.

作者簡介

李戍武（1982-），男，壯族，廣西來賓象州人， 碩士研究生，廣西科技師范學(xué)院教務(wù)處教師，研究方向：英語語法研究；覃潁（1988-），女，廣西柳州人， 碩士研究生，廣西科技師范學(xué)院教務(wù)處教師，研究方向：大學(xué)生教學(xué)課程研究；馬進（1985-），男，廣西南寧人，碩士研究生，廣西職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院教務(wù)科研處教師，研究方向：大學(xué)生教學(xué)課程研究；黃超葉（1982-），男，壯族，廣西柳州人， 2014級碩士研究生，廣西科技大學(xué)鹿山學(xué)院教務(wù)處教師，研究方向：大學(xué)生教學(xué)課程研究。）