英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

王芳

在英語(yǔ)中，為了使句子意思表達(dá)更加完整，在某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面加上補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的成分，稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。其句型為：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

一、常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：call，name，make，think等。

如：We should spare no efforts to make our country a developed country.

二、常接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：keep，make，keep，leave，find等，形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征等。

如：Youd better leave the door open and let the fresh air in.

三、副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)所處的位置、狀態(tài)等。

如：Please keep the fire on for a few more minutes.

四、常接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：keep，find，leave，

make等。

如：I left my pen on my desk at home.

五、非謂語(yǔ)主要分為v-ing，done和to do 三種形式

1.常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，hear，notice，discover，feel，find等，使役動(dòng)詞have，get，leave，keep等后可以跟表示動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示看見(jiàn)、注意到、發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事和讓某人一直做某事。

如：In the country，we can hear birds singing.

Dont keep the child working on his lesson all day.

2.接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，persuade，warn，cause，require，encourage等；有些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，如：see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，make，have，let等。

如：It is hard to persuade Dad to give up.

I heard my neighbor lock the door just now.

I want to have my friends come over this weekend.

3.接動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have，get，make，

leave，keep等，過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。

如：Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers.

六、在高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，?？键c(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：keep，leave，have，make，get等詞的考查。

1.keep的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞。

例：We should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural recourses. （形容詞）

In our daily life，we must keep ourselves away from danger.（副詞）

Please keep the dog out of the study. （介詞短語(yǔ)）

Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. （現(xiàn)在分詞）

2.leave的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般是形容詞，其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞。

例：I am afraid that you leave me no choice. （名詞）

Running a marathon will leave you breathless.（形容詞）

Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room. （副詞）

Dont leave the rice to cook for twenty minutes.（不定式）

I left the door locked when I went out.（過(guò)去分詞）

We should not leave the tap water running after using it.（現(xiàn)在分詞）

3. have的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式和過(guò)去分詞。

例：I want to have everything ready in advance before the meeting.（形容詞）

She is always having the builders in to do something or other.（副詞）

It was cold，and she has the fire burning day and night.（現(xiàn)在分詞）

Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out.（過(guò)去分詞）

He had the bouncers throw them out of the club. （不定式）

4. make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。

例：The film made him a star.（名詞）

He made it clear that he objected. （形容詞）

Please make yourself at home.（介詞短語(yǔ)）

She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.（過(guò)去分詞）

5.get的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞、不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞。

例：He got his clothes wet.（形容詞）

A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing.（現(xiàn)在分詞）

Go and get your hair cut.（過(guò)去分詞）

You should get your friends to help you.（不定式）