生物質細胞壁組分結構解譯與組分鍵合機制立項報告

林鹿 肖惠寧 劉世界 龍敏南 莊軍平

摘要：生物質轉化為高值化材料的關鍵一步是對組分進行清潔溫和分離，然后將分離后的組分進行生物和化學轉化，獲得高性能材料。然而，由于生物質結構復雜，人們對其了解的局限導致對它們有效分離缺乏理論上的指向，使得目前的分離技術多是一種工藝層面的探索。迄今為止，尚沒有高效的集成化生物質清潔分離技術體系，即在一個工藝過程中將生物質不同的組分能以較完整的分子結構形式清潔有效分離出來。由于生物質現代轉化利用途徑需要在保持較完整結構的基礎上將主要組分清潔有效分離開來，然后對不同組分進行有目的的轉化利用。因此，盡管生物質組分轉化利用有廣闊的應用前景，但生物質組分的清潔有效分離仍是一個瓶頸限制，是一個難點問題。 生物質組分分離的關鍵是將斷裂木質素組分和半纖維素組分之間的結合鍵或有選擇性斷裂木質素分子內的結合鍵，進一步達到清潔分離組分的目的。本研究擬從生物質組分間化學結合鍵的差異性以及空間構型的差異性中尋找其對不同差異介質環(huán)境中的反應機制，從而進一步提出氧基化學分離新途徑的導向指引，即利用木質素側鏈的α、β、γ-與半纖維素組分之間的酯鍵等結合鍵或木質素分子內不同化學鍵對不同微差異介質環(huán)境中化學體系中O2分子的敏感性不同，探索其可能的分子內或分子外結合鍵的斷裂途徑，從而實現清潔溫和分離纖維素、半纖維素和木質素組分的目的，為生物質的高值化利用奠定基礎。

關鍵詞：生物質；細胞壁組分；解譯

Abstract：The key procedure of converting the biomass into high value materials is to separate the fractions clean and moderately and then to conduct the biological or chemical conversion of the separated fractions to obtain the high value materials. However， it ， the lack of theoretical guide of effective separation on account of the limitation of our acquirement about the complexity of biomass structure， makes the separation technology become an exploration on process level. So far， there is no efficient integrated system for clean separation， which can separates different fractions at a fairly complete molecular structure clean and effectively in a process. The way of modern biomass utilization needs to separate its fractions clean and effectively under the premise of a fairly complete molecular structure and then carry out the purposeful conversion and utilization of different fractions. Despite the biomass conversion and utilization have broad application prospects， the clean and effective separation is still a bottleneck restriction and a difficult problem. The key to the separation of biomass components is to break the bond between lignin and hemicellulose or to selectively break the intramolecular bond among lignin achieving the purpose of clean separation. This study intends to find the reaction mechanism under different medium environment from the differences of the bonds among the fractions and the differences of spatial configuration， and then propose an orientation guidance of oxygen chemical separation . Scilicet， making use of the different sensitivities to O2 of different bonds， which between lignin side chain of alpha， beta， gamma- and bonds among hemicellulose fractions， such as easter bond， or intramolecular bond among lignin molecules， to explore the possible fracture way in or between the molecular. Furthermore， on the basis of the above work ， this study intends to achieve the purpose of a clean and moderate separation of cellulose， hemicellulose and lignin fractions ， laying a foundation for high value utilization of biomass.

Keywords：Biomass； Cell wall component； Interpretation

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