優(yōu)化混凝工藝、水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)與控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

王東升

摘 要：混凝現(xiàn)象是自然界與人工強(qiáng)化條件下普遍存在的現(xiàn)象之一。在天然水體中，混凝過程對(duì)水體顆粒物以及有害物質(zhì)的遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化與歸宿起著決定性的作用。在市政、工業(yè)、民用用水與城市、工業(yè)廢水處理工藝中，混凝過程是其中得到廣泛應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)之一。它決定著后續(xù)流程的運(yùn)行工況，最終出水質(zhì)量與成本費(fèi)用。隨著環(huán)境污染問題日趨嚴(yán)重性以及水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)越來越嚴(yán)格化，常規(guī)混凝技術(shù)顯然已經(jīng)不能很好滿足人們對(duì)水質(zhì)安全的要求。尤其在國(guó)內(nèi)，由于工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的高速發(fā)展，而環(huán)保意識(shí)與力度普遍不足，由于化學(xué)品污染以及水處理過程中潛在與引發(fā)的水安全問題近年來陡顯突出。保護(hù)水源，發(fā)展、完善水安全保障技術(shù)刻不容緩，強(qiáng)化混凝與優(yōu)化混凝為其中十分重要的手段之一。因此極有必要對(duì)其加以重點(diǎn)研究，建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)并完善我國(guó)的水處理工藝技術(shù)，保障飲用水安全。 本課題基于不同水源水質(zhì)時(shí)空變化特征的分析表征，通過建立系統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)化/優(yōu)化混凝表征方法體系，對(duì)顆粒分析技術(shù)、有機(jī)物表征技術(shù)和生物毒性評(píng)估技術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合應(yīng)用于微污染原水及不同區(qū)域水質(zhì)的優(yōu)化混凝工藝進(jìn)行開創(chuàng)性地研究，以提供該領(lǐng)域研究的參考方法乃至建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法。同時(shí)針對(duì)性地對(duì)不同周期、不同工藝條件下水體有機(jī)物、微污染物的優(yōu)化去除，進(jìn)行高效混凝劑、反應(yīng)器與不同工藝之間的協(xié)同優(yōu)化組合，提出區(qū)域優(yōu)化混凝控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為優(yōu)化混凝技術(shù)深入廣泛的應(yīng)用提供基礎(chǔ)，豐富對(duì)有機(jī)物強(qiáng)化去除機(jī)理的認(rèn)知，屬于混凝技術(shù)和水處理領(lǐng)域研究中的前沿?zé)狳c(diǎn)問題之一。基于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提出優(yōu)化混凝工藝控制目標(biāo)，對(duì)不同來源、不同時(shí)期復(fù)雜天然水體有機(jī)物的形態(tài)表征，以及顆粒物-有機(jī)物-混凝劑相互作用、聚集行為與水質(zhì)遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制的研究，為該領(lǐng)域的前沿核心問題，具有較強(qiáng)的工藝指導(dǎo)作用。本項(xiàng)目不僅能夠?qū)χ攸c(diǎn)地區(qū)飲用水安全提供有力的保障與技術(shù)支持，而且是對(duì)水處理工業(yè)技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用的新發(fā)展。 在課題研究期間，積極開展與凈水劑企業(yè)和自來水公司廣泛合作，通過技術(shù)支持和專利技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)讓，改進(jìn)、發(fā)展了新的高效聚合鋁生產(chǎn)工藝，建立了北京萬(wàn)水、勝利新邦等多處應(yīng)用示范工程和生產(chǎn)科研基地，產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用工程總投資已達(dá)到 9000 多萬(wàn)元，極大地推進(jìn)了行業(yè)的進(jìn)步并取得了良好的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

關(guān)鍵詞：優(yōu)化混凝；水質(zhì)控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

Optimize the coagulation process， water quality standards and control database

Abstract：Coagulation process has been widely used in the municipal water and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It determines the operating conditions of the subsequent processes， the quality of the final effluent and the cost. With the increasing seriousness of the problem of environmental pollution as well as increasingly stringent water quality standards， conventional coagulation technique apparently cannot satisfy the public requirements for water quality and safety. Therefore， enhanced coagulation and optimization of coagulation need to be studied to establish the appropriate database in order to further improve our water treatment technology to ensure safe drinking water. This research was based on the analytical characterization of different spatial and temporal variations of water quality， the combined particle analysis techniques， organic characterization techniques and biological toxicity assessment techniques were applied to the optimization of coagulation process of the micro-polluted raw water， to establish standard method. Meanwhile， aiming at the optimized removal of organics and micro-pollutants under different process conditions， based on the optimization of efficient coagulants， reactors and different processes， the optimized coagulation control for regional standards was proposed， in order to provide a basis for the applications of optimized coagulation. Based on the database， the control targets for the optimization coagulation process were proposed. By characterizing the NOM in different periods and from different sources， identifying the interaction and aggregation behavior of Particulate matter-Organics-Coagulant， to reveal the water quality transport and transformation mechanism and provide guideline for treatment processes. The project provided effective protection and technical support for safe drinking water in key areas， and also developed the treatment of industrial technology research. During the research， extensive cooperation with water treatment plants and companies was carried out. New efficient polymeric aluminum production was developed by technical assistance and patent transfer. Pilot plants and research bases were established at Beijing Wanshui and Shengli Xibang， the total investment for the product application engineering reached more than 90 million Yuan， greatly promoted the progress of the industry and has achieved good social and economic benefits.

Key words：optimized coagulation； water quality control standars； water quality database

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