極薄煤層鉆式采煤機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與裝備課題技術(shù)總結(jié)

李建平 劉送永 程德強(qiáng)

摘 要：薄煤層煤炭智能開(kāi)采作業(yè)已成煤炭資源開(kāi)采的重要課題。目前根據(jù)采煤設(shè)備的不同薄與極薄煤層采煤方法主要為三種：刨煤機(jī)采煤法、滾筒采煤機(jī)采煤法和鉆式采煤機(jī)采煤法。 鉆式采煤機(jī)做為極薄煤層煤炭開(kāi)采、提高煤炭資源回收率的采煤設(shè)備，由工人在采煤工作面外操作，完成設(shè)備在工作面內(nèi)的破煤、裝煤、運(yùn)煤等，設(shè)備檢修也都在工作面外巷道中進(jìn)行，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)人工作面采煤，且占用人員少，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率高，提高了資源回收利用率。螺旋鉆采煤機(jī)無(wú)人工作面采煤對(duì)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，如果采用滾筒采煤機(jī)或刨煤機(jī)采煤，長(zhǎng)壁工作面遇到較大斷層時(shí)，需重新開(kāi)切割眼，工作面搬家，費(fèi)工費(fèi)時(shí)。而螺旋鉆采煤機(jī)采煤遇到斷層時(shí)，只需移動(dòng)鉆機(jī)到新地點(diǎn)重新定位鉆采即可，工藝、操作都比較簡(jiǎn)單。該采煤法可廣泛地應(yīng)用于開(kāi)采圍巖較穩(wěn)定的、煤層傾角在-15o～+15o的極薄煤層，并且還可以用來(lái)開(kāi)采邊角煤、三下壓煤、頂板松軟破碎煤層和回收各種煤柱。使用螺旋鉆采煤機(jī)不僅減少了巷道投入、減少開(kāi)采對(duì)地面的影響，而且可最大限度的回收極薄煤層煤量，有利于提高薄極薄煤層的配采比例，延長(zhǎng)礦井服務(wù)年限，提高礦井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。 本課題實(shí)施，在研究鉆式采煤機(jī)截割機(jī)理基礎(chǔ)上，重點(diǎn)研究鉆式采煤機(jī)小型化及模塊化技術(shù)、鉆具定向鉆進(jìn)技術(shù)、自動(dòng)快速換鉆桿技術(shù)，多鉆頭截割技術(shù)，開(kāi)發(fā)具有快速、高效、定向鉆進(jìn)的五鉆頭小型化、模塊化鉆式采煤機(jī)。有效解決螺旋鉆式采煤機(jī)研制、開(kāi)發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)理論研究不足；采煤過(guò)程中受不同地質(zhì)條件、鉆頭和鉆桿重力及不平衡力矩影響，使鉆頭和鉆桿在鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中經(jīng)常發(fā)生偏斜，限制鉆采深度；鉆桿裝卸占用時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，嚴(yán)重影響采煤效率；采煤時(shí)鉆孔之間要根據(jù)頂板情況，留有不小于0.2m寬的小煤柱，且只有三個(gè)鉆頭開(kāi)采，采寬小，開(kāi)采效率和資源回收率低等問(wèn)題，研制新型鉆式采煤機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)比刨煤機(jī)和滾筒采煤機(jī)更強(qiáng)的地質(zhì)適應(yīng)性。同時(shí)，為更快地建立我國(guó)更完備的薄與極薄煤層智能開(kāi)采技術(shù)體系提供技術(shù)支撐，滿(mǎn)足我國(guó)煤礦井下極薄煤層無(wú)人工作面智能開(kāi)采作業(yè)的需要。 本課題依托單位和協(xié)作單位是從事礦山設(shè)備的研究、產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)與制造的中煤張家口煤礦機(jī)械有限責(zé)任公司、中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)，既有專(zhuān)門(mén)從事煤礦采掘設(shè)備理論研究的教授、研究生，也有長(zhǎng)期從事煤礦采掘設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)及制造的工程技術(shù)人員，形成“產(chǎn)-學(xué)-研”強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合和優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，共同進(jìn)行課題攻關(guān)。

關(guān)鍵詞：極薄煤層 鉆式采煤機(jī) 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與裝備

Abstract：Intelligent mining operation for thin seam has become a very important subject in the exploitation of coal resources. Depending on different mining equipment， three methods are usually used for thin seam mining. They are the plough mining， the shearer mining and auger drill mining. As an equipment for mining thin seams， the auger drill miner makes the unmanned working face become possible， because workers only need to stay in the roadway to operate the machine. The auger drill miner can adapt to complex geological conditions of the thin seam. For example， when meeting with the larger fault， the auger drill miner only needs to move to a new drilling position in the roadway. But its very different in the same situation for the shearer and coal planer， a new working face must be required when the machine meets with the larger fault， that will cost a lot of time and money. The auger drill miner can be widely used in thin seams with dip angle -15°～15°，it also can be used in mining of edge coal， coal pillars and broken coal seam. In a word， the use of the auger drill miner can reduce the investment for roadway， reduce the impact of mining on the ground， improve the safety of coal mining and maximize the mining of the thin seam. Besides， it also can prolong the service life of the mine and improve mine economic and social benefit. The implementation of the project is as follows. Based on cutting mechanism research， modular technology， directional drilling technology， automatic docking technology and more aiguilles cutting technology are studied to develop a new auger drill miner with high efficiency， miniaturization and modularity. Now many deficiencies still exist on the auger drill miner. Lack of the basic theory make it difficult do develop high-performance equipment. Drilling tool of the miner often deflects because of unbalanced force and torque. Long time for docking makes mining efficiency very low. Besides， less aiguilles on the drilling tool make one-time mining width small， that affects the mining efficiency to a certain extent. The project can solve the problems mentioned above very well and provide technical support for creating a more complete thin seam mining technological system. The project is implemented by China University of Mining and Technology and China coal Zhangjiakou Coal Mining Machinery Co.，ltd.

Key words：extremely thin coal seam drilling-miner machine key technology and equipment

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