呂述暉 王奎華 吳文兵
摘要: 考慮土體三維波動(dòng)效應(yīng)及樁身橫向慣性效應(yīng),建立了均質(zhì)滯回阻尼土中黏彈性支承樁受穩(wěn)態(tài)或瞬態(tài)縱向激振時(shí)的定解問(wèn)題,并獲得了嚴(yán)格樁土耦合條件下的解析解。首先,將樁底土層對(duì)樁及樁側(cè)土層的作用簡(jiǎn)化為均布Vogit體,樁視為RayleighLove桿,利用土體三維軸對(duì)稱振動(dòng)方程,土層邊界條件,以及樁與樁側(cè)土接觸面上的縱向和徑向位移連續(xù)條件,求解得到樁側(cè)土作用在樁身的剪切復(fù)剛度。然后,結(jié)合樁底黏彈性支承條件,推導(dǎo)得到樁頂復(fù)阻抗函數(shù)的解析解。最后,采用參數(shù)分析方法,研究了橫向慣性效應(yīng)對(duì)單樁樁頂動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的影響規(guī)律及其與樁及土層參數(shù)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:相對(duì)于不考慮橫向慣性效應(yīng),計(jì)及橫向慣性效應(yīng)時(shí)單樁縱向振動(dòng)特性的差異受樁及土共同的影響。
關(guān)鍵詞: 樁; 縱向振動(dòng); 橫向慣性效應(yīng); 滯回阻尼; 動(dòng)力響應(yīng)
中圖分類號(hào): TU473.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A文章編號(hào): 10044523(2016)04067908
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.04.015
引言
樁的縱向振動(dòng)理論是動(dòng)力基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)、樁基礎(chǔ)抗震設(shè)計(jì)、樁基動(dòng)力檢測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)。樁的縱向振動(dòng)理論研究主要關(guān)注樁和樁土相互作用兩個(gè)方面。近年來(lái),樁土相互作用模型歷經(jīng)動(dòng)態(tài)Winkler模型[1],平面應(yīng)變模型[23],不考慮樁側(cè)土體徑向位移的樁土耦合模型,考慮樁側(cè)土體三維波動(dòng)效應(yīng)的嚴(yán)密耦合模型[45]等,已取得了較大的發(fā)展,而虛土樁模型[56]的提出進(jìn)一步完善了這一理論體系。對(duì)于樁自身問(wèn)題的研究,仍主要采用適用于細(xì)長(zhǎng)桿件的經(jīng)典Bernoulli理論,而樁的三維波動(dòng)效應(yīng)也受到了較多的關(guān)注[79],特別是對(duì)于一些不完全符合細(xì)長(zhǎng)桿件條件的情況,如大直徑灌注樁,經(jīng)典Bernoulli理論計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果有所差異。
Rayleigh考慮桿的橫向慣性效應(yīng),提出了對(duì)桿件的修正理論,Love基于能量原理,導(dǎo)出了計(jì)及橫向慣性效應(yīng)的桿件運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,即RayleighLove桿運(yùn)動(dòng)方程[10],它是一種三維簡(jiǎn)化桿件理論。在此基礎(chǔ)上,李強(qiáng)等[11]研究了考慮橫向慣性效應(yīng)時(shí)飽和土中大直徑嵌巖樁縱向振動(dòng)特性。吳文兵等[23]研究了考慮橫向慣性效應(yīng)時(shí)楔形樁縱向振動(dòng)問(wèn)題。楊驍?shù)萚12]利用Novak薄層法分析了考慮橫向慣性時(shí)成層飽和土中單樁振動(dòng)問(wèn)題。但已有的研究仍是基于特定的邊界條件(樁端固定)或簡(jiǎn)化假設(shè)(不考慮樁土接觸面處土體徑向位移)。本文考慮土體三維波動(dòng)效應(yīng),建立了考慮橫向慣性效應(yīng)下,均質(zhì)滯回阻尼土中黏彈性支承樁受穩(wěn)態(tài)或瞬態(tài)縱向激振時(shí)的定解問(wèn)題,并獲得了考慮樁土更為嚴(yán)格耦合條件下的解析解。通過(guò)參數(shù)分析,研究了橫向慣性效應(yīng)對(duì)單樁樁頂動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的影響規(guī)律及其與樁及土層參數(shù)的關(guān)系。
Abstract: By considering threedimensional wave effect of pile side soil and transverse inertia effect of pile, a definite problem for viscoelastic bearing piles embedded in homogeneous hysteretic damping soil layer is established under steadystate and transient excitation, and the analytical solution based on strict pilesoil coupling condition is derived. Firstly, the interactions between the soil layers beneath the pile end and pile as well as pile side soil are simplified to uniform Vogit model, meanwhile, the pile is assumed to be a RayleighLove rod, by means of soil boundary conditions, radial and vertical displacement continuity conditions at the pilesoil interface, the shear complex stiffness the pile side soil acting on pile is obtained in the 3D axisymmetric vibration mode. Then, combined the boundary condition at pile bottom, analytical form for complex impedance at the pile head is derived. On this basis, influence of transverse inertia effect on pile vertical vibration characteristics and its relationship with pilesoil parameters are studied. The results show that: difference whether the transverse inertia effect is taken into account or not is determined by both pile and soil parameters.
Key words: pile; longitudinal vibration; transverse inertia effect; hysteretic damping; dynamic response