趙潔茹, 范 超, 鄭煦暘, 秦 源, 張沛欣, 李夢(mèng)苑, 王亞寧, 張 穎, 郝春秋, 賈戰(zhàn)生
(第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)唐都醫(yī)院 傳染科, 西安 710038)
無(wú)剛毛鱗甲復(fù)合體同源物樣蛋白2在慢性丙型肝炎患者中的表達(dá)及其與血清球蛋白的關(guān)系
趙潔茹, 范 超, 鄭煦暘, 秦 源, 張沛欣, 李夢(mèng)苑, 王亞寧, 張 穎, 郝春秋, 賈戰(zhàn)生
(第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)唐都醫(yī)院 傳染科, 西安 710038)
目的 探討慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者和健康志愿者外周血CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+T淋巴細(xì)胞與血清球蛋白之間的相關(guān)性,明確外周血濾泡輔助性T淋巴細(xì)胞(Tfh)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子無(wú)剛毛鱗甲復(fù)合體同源物樣蛋白(Ascl)2的表達(dá)在慢性HCV感染過(guò)程中的作用。方法 選取2015年10月-2016年5月第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)唐都醫(yī)院收治的住院或門診初治CHC患者46例,另選取實(shí)驗(yàn)室健康成年實(shí)驗(yàn)人員以及本院健康體檢者32例作為健康對(duì)照組。應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)分析外周血中Tfh細(xì)胞在CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞中所占比例及其亞群(CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+T淋巴細(xì)胞)變化,應(yīng)用全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)血清球蛋白水平,并通過(guò)real-time PCR檢測(cè)Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2 mRNA表達(dá)情況;分析各指標(biāo)變化與HCV感染的相關(guān)性。計(jì)量資料組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞與B淋巴細(xì)胞呈正相關(guān)(r=0.582 3,P=0.011 2),外周血B淋巴細(xì)胞與球蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r=0.450 9,P=0.031 6),Tfh細(xì)胞與球蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r=0.583 5,P=0.038 3);CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2 mRNA表達(dá)顯著高于健康對(duì)照組(1.019±0.666 vs 6.437±5.776,t=4.552,P=0.001 9)。結(jié)論 Tfh細(xì)胞與CHC患者血清中球蛋白的產(chǎn)生有一定的聯(lián)系,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Ascl2可能參與HCV感染過(guò)程中Tfh細(xì)胞的分化發(fā)育。
肝炎, 丙型, 慢性; T淋巴細(xì)胞; B淋巴細(xì)胞; 轉(zhuǎn)錄因子; 血清球蛋白類
目前,世界范圍內(nèi)大約有1.8億慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者[1],每年因CHC死亡的人數(shù)高達(dá)50萬(wàn)[2]。感染HCV后,只有約15%的感染者可以產(chǎn)生有效的抗病毒免疫反應(yīng)[3],自發(fā)清除病毒。其余大部分感染者HCV持續(xù)感染,易引發(fā)肝硬化,甚至肝癌。雖然直接抗病毒藥物(DAA)對(duì)CHC的治療效果非常明顯[4],但HCV特異性細(xì)胞免疫反應(yīng)仍需深入研究。
臨床上,部分CHC患者存在不同程度的球蛋白水平升高,約36%~55%的CHC患者合并混合型冷球蛋白血癥以及多型球蛋白增高,從而引起自身免疫損傷[5]。病毒特異性CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞可以引起多克隆B淋巴細(xì)胞活化,導(dǎo)致特異性中和抗體產(chǎn)生缺乏[6]。有研究[7-8]表明,與健康對(duì)照組相比,B淋巴細(xì)胞可表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的活化表型。然而,CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞在HCV感染應(yīng)答過(guò)程中如何誘導(dǎo)B淋巴細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體仍有待研究。Schaerli等[9]和Breitfeld等[10]報(bào)道一個(gè)CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群,該群細(xì)胞高表達(dá)CXCR5,可在生發(fā)中心輔助B淋巴細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體,被稱為濾泡輔助性T淋巴細(xì)胞(Tfh)。由于部分其他T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群也可一過(guò)性表達(dá)CXCR5,故常應(yīng)用PD-1和ICOS作為Tfh細(xì)胞鑒別的標(biāo)記分子[11]。有研究[12]表明,CD4+CXCR5+Tfh 細(xì)胞可能參與了CHC患者的機(jī)體免疫應(yīng)答。Tfh細(xì)胞可在分化水平及分化后發(fā)育水平受到調(diào)節(jié),多種轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在此過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。目前認(rèn)為B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤因子 (B-cell lymphoma,Bcl) 6是促進(jìn)Tfh細(xì)胞分化發(fā)育最主要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子[13]。近期有實(shí)驗(yàn)[14]表明,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子無(wú)剛毛鱗甲復(fù)合體樣蛋白(achaete-scute homologue,Ascl)2在Tfh細(xì)胞的分化發(fā)育中較Bcl6發(fā)揮更為重要的作用。本研究主要探討CHC患者Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2的表達(dá)情況及其與球蛋白的關(guān)系。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2015年10月-2016年5月本院收治的住院或門診初治CHC患者46例作為HCV組,其中基因1b型29例,2a型17例,HCV RNA載量為(2.091±0.469)×107IU/ml,入選CHC患者均排除其他病毒感染(HIV、HBV等)及自身免疫性疾病,入選前6個(gè)月均未接受抗病毒治療。另選取實(shí)驗(yàn)室健康成年實(shí)驗(yàn)人員以及本院健康體檢者32例作為健康對(duì)照組(HC組)。兩組間年齡、性別分布差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均>0.05)。本研究通過(guò)了醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),全部患者與健康志愿者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 分離外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PBMC) 收集所有研究對(duì)象外周血樣,采用Ficoll密度梯度離心法從全血中分離人PBMC。將所得PBMC存于細(xì)胞凍存液中(含90%胎牛血清、10%二甲基亞砜),并置于液氮中保存。
1.2.2 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)Tfh細(xì)胞與CD19+B淋巴細(xì)胞比例 將凍存的PBMC復(fù)蘇、洗滌,用含10%胎牛血清、90%RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),置于37 ℃、5% CO2條件下;30 min后取出,調(diào)整細(xì)胞數(shù)至106/管,離心,棄上清,每管加入100 μl PBS,加入小鼠抗人 PerCP-cy5.5-CXCR5mAb (Biolegend公司) ,APC-CD4mAb和PE-CD279 mAb (PD-1) (BD Bioscience公司),F(xiàn)ITC-CD3mAb和PE-cy7-CD19 mAb(BD Bioscience公司);對(duì)照管分別加入各色的同型對(duì)照mAb;并采用 BD CompBeads設(shè)單染色管用于調(diào)補(bǔ)償,4 ℃避光孵育30 min。每管加入2 ml PBS,300 g離心10 min,棄上清,再次洗滌,加500 μl PBS重懸細(xì)胞。染色細(xì)胞使用BD FACS Aria 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),F(xiàn)lowJo7. 6 軟件分析結(jié)果。
1.2.3 采用免疫磁珠法(MACS)分離CD4+CXCR5+Tfh細(xì)胞 選用德國(guó)美天旎公司的磁珠,將分離出的PBMC進(jìn)行細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),每107個(gè)細(xì)胞加10 μl CD4+T Biotin-Antibody Cocktail,充分混勻,4 ℃避光孵育5 min,每107個(gè)細(xì)胞加30 μl MACS緩沖液及20 μl CD4+T Micro Bead Cocktail,充分混勻,4 ℃避光孵育10 min,安裝好分選柱(根據(jù)細(xì)胞數(shù)量,分選選用LS柱子)、磁鐵塊和磁力架,每次1 ml MACS緩沖液潤(rùn)洗柱子,用500 μl MACS 緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞并將細(xì)胞懸液過(guò)柱,每次1 ml MACS 緩沖液洗柱3次,未被磁珠結(jié)合的細(xì)胞即為CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞,收集流出液,離心,將離心所得細(xì)胞按每107個(gè)細(xì)胞加40 μl MACS 緩沖液重懸,加PE-CXCR5 mAb染色,4 ℃避光孵育15 min,加2 ml MACS 緩沖液洗滌,用30 μl MACS緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,加入20 μl抗PE磁珠,4 ℃避光孵育10 min,安裝好分選柱(根據(jù)細(xì)胞數(shù)量,分選選用MS柱子)、磁鐵塊和磁力架,每次500 ml MACS緩沖液潤(rùn)洗柱子,取出孵育細(xì)胞,加2 ml MACS緩沖液洗滌,以500 μl MACS緩沖液重懸,將細(xì)胞懸液過(guò)柱,細(xì)胞懸液流盡后, MACS緩沖液500 ml/次潤(rùn)洗柱子,待最后一次MACS緩沖液流盡,迅速加入500 μl MACS 緩沖液并取下柱子,置于15 ml離心管上,用活塞迅速將與磁珠結(jié)合的細(xì)胞推出,1500 r/min離心20 min,所得細(xì)胞即為CD4+CXCR5+Tfh細(xì)胞。
2.1 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞頻數(shù)與B淋巴細(xì)胞頻數(shù) 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)各組樣本中CD4+CXCR5+Tfh細(xì)胞占CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例、CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh亞群細(xì)胞占CD4+CXCR5+Tfh 細(xì)胞的比例以及CD3-CD19+細(xì)胞百分比(圖1)。HCV組CD4+CXCR5+Tfh(7.417±3.963)較HC組(3.678±1.932)顯著升高(t=3.727,P=0.000 6) (圖2a);HCV組CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh細(xì)胞(23.370±9.704)較HC組(12.620±7.144)顯著升高(t=4.056,P=0.000 2)(圖2b)。HCV組CD3-CD19+B淋巴細(xì)胞(7.368±3.975)較HC組(3.496±1.877)升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.794,P=0.005)(圖2c)。
2.2 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞與血清球蛋白之間的關(guān)系 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞與B淋巴細(xì)胞呈正相關(guān)(r=0.582 3,P=0.011 2)(圖3a),外周血B細(xì)胞與球蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r=0.450 9,P=0.031 6)(圖3b),Tfh細(xì)胞與球蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r=0.583 5,P=0.038 3)(圖3c)。
2.3 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2基因表達(dá)情況 采用real-time PCR檢測(cè)CD4+CXCR5+Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2 mRNA的表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示,與HC組相比,HCV組外周血Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2 mRNA表達(dá)明顯升高(1.019±0.666 vs 6.437±5.776,t=4.552,P=0.001 9)(圖4)。
圖1 流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)檢測(cè)Tfh細(xì)胞及B淋巴細(xì)胞的比例 每個(gè)樣本至少獲取50 000個(gè)細(xì)胞
圖2 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞頻數(shù)與B淋巴細(xì)胞頻數(shù) a:CD4+CXCR5+T淋巴細(xì)胞占CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞的比例;b:CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+T淋巴細(xì)胞占CD4+CXCR5+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例;c:CD3-CD19+B淋巴細(xì)胞所占比例
圖3 CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞與血清球蛋白之間的相關(guān)性
a:HCV組中CD19+B淋巴細(xì)胞與Tfh細(xì)胞的關(guān)系;b:CD19+B淋巴細(xì)胞與球蛋白的關(guān)系;c:Tfh細(xì)胞與球蛋白的相關(guān)性
圖4 HCV組與HC組外周血Tfh細(xì)胞中Ascl2 mRNA的表達(dá)
慢性肝炎患者尤其CHC患者常伴有球蛋白水平異常升高,嚴(yán)重者可表現(xiàn)為冷球蛋白血癥。既往觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,循環(huán)球蛋白水平升高是由于肝功能受損,導(dǎo)致異質(zhì)抗原增多刺激B淋巴細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖,產(chǎn)生過(guò)量Ig。但臨床所見(jiàn)球蛋白水平升高與肝損傷程度不完全相關(guān),提示病毒感染條件下的B淋巴細(xì)胞分化、抗體產(chǎn)生及Ig類型轉(zhuǎn)換失衡可能有其他誘因。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CHC患者外周血B淋巴細(xì)胞與Tfh細(xì)胞呈正相關(guān),B淋巴細(xì)胞與血清球蛋白呈正相關(guān),Tfh細(xì)胞與血清球蛋白呈正相關(guān)。在免疫應(yīng)答過(guò)程中,效應(yīng)B淋巴細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的體液免疫應(yīng)答需要CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞的輔助,而其中的Tfh細(xì)胞是為效應(yīng)B淋巴細(xì)胞提供輔助的最主要細(xì)胞,在B淋巴細(xì)胞增殖分化、抗體產(chǎn)生和Ig類型轉(zhuǎn)換等功能中都發(fā)揮重要作用[15],據(jù)此推測(cè),B淋巴細(xì)胞與CHC患者血清球蛋白的產(chǎn)生有關(guān),Tfh細(xì)胞可能在此過(guò)程中起到輔助B淋巴細(xì)胞的作用。
Tfh細(xì)胞可在兩個(gè)層面受到免疫系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié),即分化水平調(diào)節(jié)及分化后調(diào)節(jié)。在抗原決定的初始T淋巴細(xì)胞活化發(fā)生后,CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞進(jìn)入分化的關(guān)鍵階段,這個(gè)階段的分化方向主要決定于CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞所處的微環(huán)境,并通過(guò)影響如相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的表達(dá)水平實(shí)現(xiàn)最終分化[16-17]。近期研究[18]發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Ascl2在Tfh分化早期向GC的遷移過(guò)程中發(fā)揮作用,其重要性很可能不亞于所熟知的Bcl6。Ascl2是一個(gè)堿性/螺旋-環(huán)-螺旋基元轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,Wnt信號(hào)通路的靶基因。研究[14]認(rèn)為,Ascl2在Tfh中的表達(dá)上調(diào)先于Bcl6,并能誘導(dǎo)CXCR5,下調(diào)趨化因子受體7。Ascl2對(duì)Tfh細(xì)胞的分化具有“Bcl6非依賴性”的促進(jìn)作用,可抑制輔助性T淋巴細(xì)胞1和輔助性T淋巴細(xì)胞17的生成。
為進(jìn)一步明確Tfh細(xì)胞在CHC患者體內(nèi)的免疫機(jī)制,本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Ascl2在CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞的表達(dá)情況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CHC患者外周血Tfh細(xì)胞(CD4+CXCR5+T淋巴細(xì)胞)中Ascl2的表達(dá)與健康人相比明顯升高。這說(shuō)明Ascl2可能與HCV感染者Tfh細(xì)胞的分化發(fā)育有關(guān),因此推測(cè)Ascl2可能參與了HCV感染者體內(nèi)球蛋白的產(chǎn)生。
綜上所述,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Tfh細(xì)胞與CHC患者血清中球蛋白的產(chǎn)生有一定的聯(lián)系,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Ascl2可能參與HCV感染過(guò)程中Tfh細(xì)胞的分化發(fā)育。筆者后續(xù)計(jì)劃擴(kuò)大病例數(shù),將CHC患者按疾病嚴(yán)重程度分組,分析Ascl2的表達(dá)與病毒基因型之間的相關(guān)性,深入研究Ascl2的表達(dá)與血清球蛋白之間相關(guān)性以及敲除與過(guò)表達(dá)Ascl2基因后Tfh細(xì)胞對(duì)血清球蛋白生成情況的影響,進(jìn)一步探討Ascl2在CHC患者血清球蛋白生成過(guò)程中的作用機(jī)制。
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引證本文:ZHAO JR, FAN C, ZHENG XY, et al. Expression of achaete-scute homologue 2 and its correlation with serum globulin in patients with chronic hepatitis C[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2017, 33(1): 67-71. (in Chinese) 趙潔茹, 范超, 鄭煦暘, 等. 無(wú)剛毛鱗甲復(fù)合體同源物樣蛋白2在慢性丙型肝炎患者中的表達(dá)及其與血清球蛋白的關(guān)系[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2017, 33(1): 67-71.
(本文編輯:劉曉紅)
Expression of achaete-scute homologue 2 and its correlation with serum globulin in patients with chronic hepatitis C
ZHAOJieru,FANChao,ZHENGXuyang,etal.
(DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases,TangduHospital,FourthMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Xi′an710038,China)
Objective To investigate the correlation between peripheral CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+T cells and serum globulin in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and health volunteers, and to clarify the role of the expression of achaete-scute homologue 2 (Ascl2), the transcription factor in peripheral follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, in the process of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods A total of 46 previously untreated CHC patients who were admitted to Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, from October 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled, and 32 healthy laboratory technicians and persons who underwent physical examination in our hospital were enrolled as healthy control group. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of Tfh cells in CD4+T cells and the change in its subset (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+T cells) in peripheral blood, an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum globulin level, and real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of Ascl2 in Tfh cells. The association between the changes in these parameters and HCV infection was analyzed. The independent samplest-test was used for the comparison of continuous data between groups, and the Pearson correlation analysis was also performed. Results In CHC patients, peripheral Tfh cells were positively correlated with B lymphocytes (r=0.582 3,P=0.011 2), peripheral B lymphocytes were positively correlated with globulin (r=0.450 9,P=0.031 6), and Tfh cells were positively correlated with globulin (r=0.583 5,P=0.038 3). CHC patients had significantly higher mRNA expression of Ascl2 in peripheral Tfh cells than the healthy control group (1.019±0.666 vs 6.437±5.776,t=4.552,P=0.001 9). Conclusion Tfh cells may be involved in the production of serum globulin in CHC patients, and the transcription factor Ascl2 may participate in the differentiation and development of Tfh cells in the process of HCV infection.
hepatitis C, chronic; T-lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes; transcription factors; serum globulins
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2017.01.014
2016-09-08;
2016-10-08。
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81471541)
趙潔茹(1991-) ,女,主要從事丙型肝炎相關(guān)研究。
賈戰(zhàn)生,電子信箱:jiazsh@fmmu.edu.cn。
R512.63
A
1001-5256(2017)01-0067-05