【重點(diǎn)詞匯】
1. mind
(1) n. 心智;頭腦;決心
例如:
A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. (片刻的恐懼掠過(guò)我的腦海,但我告訴自己要冷靜下來(lái),因?yàn)槲疫€活著。)
Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him work. (當(dāng)我看著他干活時(shí)我腦海里閃現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)念頭。)
(2) vt. 專心于,愿意做;介意;當(dāng)心
例如:
She wouldnt mind taking care of our children. (她不介意照顧我們的孩子。)
Mind!There is a bus coming?。ó?dāng)心!車來(lái)
了!)
Mind the wet paint. (當(dāng)心,油漆未干。)
(3) 注意:
mind作“介意”講時(shí),常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中,后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),不跟動(dòng)詞不定式。
例如:
Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour? (你能告訴我如何開(kāi)始這個(gè)在線旅游嗎?)
Never mind. Theres still plenty of time for them to score. (沒(méi)有關(guān)系。還有很多時(shí)間,他們可以得分。)
Im patient. I dont mind waiting for people. (我很耐心。我不介意等人。)
(4) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
make up ones mind 下決心
never mind 不用擔(dān)心,別管;不要緊,沒(méi)關(guān)系
to my mind 依我看,我認(rèn)為
broaden/cultivate/enrich ones mind 開(kāi)闊心胸/陶冶情操/豐富思想
mind ones father and mothers words 記住父母的話
mind ones teachers words 記住老師的話
mind ones work 專心于工作
mind the baby 照看孩子
mind the club 管理俱樂(lè)部
mind the rules 服從規(guī)定
mind the store 照料店鋪
mind the train 當(dāng)心火車
mind your own business 少管閑事
mind out 當(dāng)心,注意
change ones mind 改變主意
put sb. in mind of sth. 讓某人想起某事
2. point
(1) 作名詞
① “得分;分?jǐn)?shù)”
例如:
You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. (每次你正確回答一個(gè)問(wèn)題就會(huì)得到一分。)
② “標(biāo)點(diǎn)”
例如:
Please mark the sentence with points. (請(qǐng)給這個(gè)句子加標(biāo)點(diǎn)。)
③ “點(diǎn);小數(shù)點(diǎn)”
例如:
The line AB cuts the line CD at the point E. (直線AB與直線CD相交于E點(diǎn)。)
④ “地點(diǎn);尖端”
例如:
Ill wait for you at the meeting point in the hall. (我將在大廳的迎接點(diǎn)等你。)
⑤ “要點(diǎn);論點(diǎn);觀點(diǎn);看法”
例如:
He missed the whole point of my speech. (他完全沒(méi)抓住我演講的重點(diǎn)。)
(2) 作動(dòng)詞
vt. 用手指等指;(意思上)指向;削尖;加標(biāo)點(diǎn)于;指路
vi. 表明;指向
例如:
Just point the camera and press the button. (只要把照相機(jī)對(duì)準(zhǔn),然后按動(dòng)快門(mén)就可以了。)
(3) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
point at 指向;指示
point out 指出
point to 指向
make ones point (清楚地,有說(shuō)服力地)闡明觀點(diǎn)
at all points 在各部分;在各方面;完全地
hold the opposite point 持有相反的觀點(diǎn)
3. decide
vt. 決定;解決;裁決
vi. 拿定主意;判定
(1) 接名詞或代詞
例如:
Its important and itll decide your fate. (這很重要,將決定你的命運(yùn)。)
Its your duty to decide this kind of question. (解決這種問(wèn)題是你的職責(zé)。)
(2) 接不定式及其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
例如:
He decided to give a one-man show. (他決定唱一段獨(dú)角戲。)
We havent decided when to start. (我們還沒(méi)決定何時(shí)動(dòng)身。)
(3) 接從句例如:
Lets first decide where we should go.=Lets first decide where to go. (我們先決定一下到什么地方去。)
It is not decided whether we will go there. (還沒(méi)有決定我們是不是去那兒。)
(4) 接介詞短語(yǔ)(接on或upon,表示“就某事做出決定”)
例如:
Dont decide on important matters too quickly. (對(duì)重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。)
注意:
① decide = make a decision = make up ones mind
② decide to do的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為decide not to do
③ 名詞形式為decision
(5) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
decide against... 決定不……
decide between... 在……之間作出選擇
decide on... 決定……
4. try
(1) 作動(dòng)詞
① vt. 嘗試;實(shí)驗(yàn);試用
例如:
Someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. (有人向警方報(bào)告,說(shuō)有人企圖偷走這些鉆石。)
Well try to improve our teaching methods. (我們要設(shè)法改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。)
② vt. 審訊;審理;試穿;品嘗
例如:
You can try Beijing Duck in one of the Chinese restaurants in Star Shopping Mall. (你可以在明星購(gòu)物中心的中國(guó)餐館里嘗嘗北京烤鴨。)
③ vi. 嘗試,努力
例如:
Though you dont feel well, try and eat a little. (雖然你不舒服,還是試著吃一點(diǎn)吧!)
(2) 作名詞
n. 嘗試,努力
例如:
Let me have a try. (讓我再試一次。)
(3) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
try on 試穿
try out 試驗(yàn),試用
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 嘗試做某事
(4) 考點(diǎn)
try后面既可跟動(dòng)名詞也可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),try doing sth. 意為“試著做……”,try to do sth. 意為“努力做……;設(shè)法做……”。
5. 辨析:information,news和message
(1) information指“what you tell somebody”或“facts”,即“信息”或“資料;事實(shí)”。
例如:
Can you give me some information about trains to London? (您能不能給我一些開(kāi)往倫敦的列車的資料?)
(2) news指“words that tell people about things that have just happened”,即“消息;新聞”。
例如:
Have you heard the news? Betty is getting married. (你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了嗎?貝蒂要結(jié)婚了。)
(3) message指“words that one person sends to another”,即“向他人傳送的信息;消息”。
例如:
Could you give a message to Jenny, please? Please tell her I will be late. (請(qǐng)您給珍妮捎個(gè)口信行嗎?請(qǐng)告訴她我會(huì)遲到。)
簡(jiǎn)言之,三者在用途上有區(qū)別。message是“留言”,需要一個(gè)中間人,而另外兩者大可不必。news是“新聞”,說(shuō)出來(lái)得有令人觸目驚心的感覺(jué)。information是“信息;消息”,不帶感情色彩,為不可數(shù)名詞。
6. seem
seem可用作連系動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“似乎;好像”,其常見(jiàn)用法現(xiàn)歸納如下:
(1) “主語(yǔ)+seem+(to be)+表語(yǔ)”,表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞,有時(shí)是其他的詞或短語(yǔ),以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)。
例如:
Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy. (湯姆看上去是一個(gè)非常聰明的男孩。)
This small town seems to have changed a little. (這個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)似乎有點(diǎn)兒變化。)
(2)“主語(yǔ)+seem+不定式”,此句型中的seem與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。
例如:
Mrs. Green doesnt seem/seems not to like the idea. (格林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個(gè)主意。)
The young man seemed to have changed much. (這個(gè)年輕人看起來(lái)變化很大。)
(3) “It seems+that從句”,其中it是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. (似乎沒(méi)有人知道公園里發(fā)生了什么事。)
It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not come again. (在我看來(lái)布朗先生不會(huì)再來(lái)了。)
(4) “There+seem to be+名詞”,其中to be可省略。seem的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)后面作主語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。
例如:
There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team. (看來(lái)我們沒(méi)有多大希望戰(zhàn)勝那個(gè)隊(duì)。)
There seems no need to wait longer. (看來(lái)沒(méi)有再等的必要了。)
7. promise
(1) 作動(dòng)詞
v. 允諾;答應(yīng)
例如:
Claire had made me promise to tell her the truth. (克萊爾要我保證把真相告訴她。)
常用動(dòng)詞句型為:
① promise to do sth. (不定式作賓語(yǔ))
例如:
Im hoping youll keep your promise to come for a long visit. (我希望你遵守諾言來(lái)這兒多呆幾天。)
② promise sb. to do sth. (后接雙賓語(yǔ)) 例如:
He promises me to buy a bike as my birthday gift. (他承諾給我買(mǎi)一輛自行車作為我的生日禮物。)
③ promise (sb.)+that從句 (that從句為賓語(yǔ)從句)
例如:
He promises me that he will buy a bike as my birthday gift. (他承諾給我買(mǎi)一輛自行車作為我的生日禮物。)
(2) 作名詞
① 允諾;諾言
例如:
I hope that he will act up to his promise. (我希望他會(huì)履行他的諾言。)
② 希望;有前途
例如:
The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school. (這個(gè)男孩在上小學(xué)的時(shí)候就初次顯示出成為運(yùn)動(dòng)員的潛力。)
(3) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
give/make a promise 許諾
carry out/keep a promise 遵守諾言
break/go back on ones promise 違背諾言
promise sb. to do... 答應(yīng)某人做……
例如:
In order to keep the promise, Murphy took Gloria to the nearest shop. (為了遵守諾言,墨菲帶著葛洛莉去了最近的商店。)
8. organize
(1) v. 組織
例如:
There are also weekend visits organized to San Francisco and other places of interest in California. (也有組織去舊金山和加利福尼亞及其他名勝古跡的周末旅游。)
Thank you for organizing the class trip. (謝謝你組織這次班級(jí)旅行。)
(2) 同根詞:
organized adj. 有條理的;有組織的
例如:
On the one hand, children need organized activities. (一方面,孩子們需要有組織的活動(dòng)。)
9. possible
adj. 可能的,有可能做得到的
possible表示客觀上潛在的可能性,也許實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性并不大。possible一般不用表示人的詞作主語(yǔ),但若真的要用表示人的詞作主語(yǔ),possible后接不定式,這個(gè)不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是句子的主語(yǔ),但此時(shí)的possible已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)意為“容易的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:
(1) It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.
例如:
It is possible for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour. (我們有可能用不到1小時(shí)的時(shí)間就可從北京到達(dá)天津。)
(2) It is possible+that從句。
例如:
It is possible that I might be of some use in that part of work. (在做那一部分工作時(shí),我可能幫得上忙。)
(3) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
if possible 可能的話
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. feel like
(1) 表示“摸起來(lái)像……”。
例如:
It feels like silk. (這東西摸起來(lái)像絲綢。)
This feels like an orange. (這東西摸起來(lái)像個(gè)橙子。)
(2) 表示“感覺(jué)像(是)……”。
例如:
My legs feel like cotton. (我感覺(jué)兩條腿像棉花一樣。)
(3) 表示“有……的感覺(jué)”。
例如:
Im surprised that he feels like that. (我很驚訝他竟然會(huì)有這種感覺(jué)。)
(4) 表示“給人的感覺(jué)(像)是……”。
例如:
I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. (我只在那里呆了兩天,但好像過(guò)了一個(gè)星期似的。)
Its been a year since her daughter died, but to her, it still feels like yesterday. (她女兒已過(guò)世一年了,但在她看來(lái),這還仿佛像是在昨天。)
(5)表示“想吃或喝……”。
例如:
Do you feel like a drink? (你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎?)
(6)表示“想做……”。
例如:
I dont feel like cooking. Lets eat out. (我不想做飯,我們出去吃吧。)
I dont feel like waiting around for him to make up his mind. (我不能干等著他拿主意。)
(7) 搭配
① 后接名詞
例如:
Do you feel like a rest? (你想休息一下嗎?)
The material feels like velvet. (這料子摸起來(lái)像絲絨。)
It feels like rain (snow). (像是要下雨/雪的樣子。)
注意:以上這句中的like后面的rain和snow是名詞,不是動(dòng)詞。
② 后接代詞
例如:
Well go for a walk if you feel like it. (你愿意的話,咱們就去散散步。)
—Why did you do that? (你為什么那么做呢?)
—Because I felt like it. (因?yàn)槲蚁肽敲醋?。?/p>
注意:有時(shí)候接反身代詞,表示覺(jué)得身體情況正常。有時(shí)like可省略。
例如:
I dont feel like myself today. (我今天感到不太舒服。)
He isnt feeling himself this morning. (今天早上他感到不太舒服。)
③ 后接動(dòng)名詞
例如:
I feel like catching a cold. (我像是感冒了。)
I felt like laughing, but I didnt dare. (我想笑,但是不敢笑。)
④ 后接句子
例如:
I feel like I want to cry. (我覺(jué)得我想哭。)
You feel like you could reach out and touch the space. (你感到仿佛能伸手摸到太空。)
注意:后接句子時(shí),其中的like相當(dāng)于as if或as though。
例如:
I felt like (as if/as though) I was swimming. (我覺(jué)得好像在游泳似的。)
Alice felt like (as if/as though) she was in a very nice dream. (艾麗斯覺(jué)得她好像在做一個(gè)美夢(mèng)。)
2. make a difference
(1) “區(qū)別對(duì)待”
例如:
We should make a difference between new words and coinages. (我們應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待新詞和生造詞。)
(2) “有影響;有關(guān)系”
例如:
Johns score on the test will make the difference between his passing or failing the course. (約翰這次考試的得分關(guān)系著他這門(mén)功課能否通過(guò)。)
It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. (你今天去或明天去沒(méi)有多大關(guān)系。)
(3) “起(重要)作用”
例如:
It shows that knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. (這表明懂得急救知識(shí)的確能發(fā)揮重要作用。)
(4) 相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
make no difference 沒(méi)有關(guān)系;沒(méi)有重要性
3. care about
(1) “關(guān)心;關(guān)懷;惦念”
例如:
You dont care about anything but yourself and your beautiful face. (你什么都不關(guān)心,除了你自己和你那張漂亮的臉。)
A selfish person does not care about other peoples problem. (自私的人是不關(guān)心別人的困難的。)
(2) “顧慮”
例如:
Dont you care about losing your job? (你難道就不擔(dān)心失去工作?)
The first attempt may fail, but we dont care about that. (第一次嘗試可能會(huì)失敗, 但是我們并不為此擔(dān)憂。)
(3) “在乎”
例如:
I dont care about what happens. (我不在乎發(fā)生了什么事。)
I dont care about what you think; save your breath to cool your porridge!(我不在乎你怎么想,你省點(diǎn)力氣,別白費(fèi)口舌了?。?/p>
(4) “對(duì)……感興趣”
例如:
I dont care about going fishing. (我對(duì)釣魚(yú)不感興趣。)
(5)“喜歡;對(duì)……中意”
例如:
I really care about the students in my class. (我確實(shí)喜歡我班上的學(xué)生。)
(6) 辨析:care about和care for
① 這兩個(gè)詞組中的care均為不及物動(dòng)詞,同介詞一起構(gòu)成及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其后均接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。兩者都可表示“對(duì)……擔(dān)心(be worried about)”、“關(guān)心(feel solicitous about)”、“喜歡(like)”“和對(duì)……中意(be pleased by)”的意思。這時(shí)兩者可以通用。
例如:
The first attempt may fail, but we dont care about (for) that. (第一次嘗試可能會(huì)失敗,但是我們并不為此擔(dān)憂。)
The captain cares for (about) the safety of both the crew and the passengers. (船長(zhǎng)為船員和旅客們的安全擔(dān)心。)
We do not care about (for) him in the least. (我們一點(diǎn)也不喜歡他。)
She doesnt care for (about) skating. (她不喜歡滑冰。)
People here are thoughtful of others. They care about (for) each other. (這里的人總為別人考慮,他們互相關(guān)心。)
They cared only for (about) their own personal promotion and prosperity. (他們只顧自己升官發(fā)財(cái)。)
② care about的主要意思是“在乎,在意(mind)”,常用于否定句,指主體對(duì)某一事物表現(xiàn)出無(wú)所謂的態(tài)度。
例如:
She didnt care about anything people might say. (人們說(shuō)什么她都不在乎。)
They didnt care about the expense. (他們對(duì)費(fèi)用并不在意。)
③ care for還可表示“照料(look after)”、“尊重(have regard for)”和“愿意(want)”的意思。
例如:
Small children are well cared for in nurseries while their parents work in the fields. (當(dāng)父母?jìng)冊(cè)谔锢飫趧?dòng)的時(shí)候,孩子們?cè)谕袃核锸艿搅己谜疹?。?/p>
I do care for what he says. (我對(duì)他的話的確很在意。)
Would you care for some tea? (你想要喝茶嗎?)
I dont care very much for going there today. (今天我不太想到那兒去。)
4. make up
(1) “組成”
例如:
Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force. (女警占警力的13%。)
(2) “彌補(bǔ);補(bǔ)足”
例如:
The government has refused to make up a £30,000 shortfall in funding. (政府拒不補(bǔ)上30,000英鎊的資金缺口。)
例如:
Theyll have to make up time lost during the strike. (他們不得不加班彌補(bǔ)罷工耽誤的時(shí)間。)
(3) “編造”
例如:
I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him. (我認(rèn)為你編造他的謠言很不厚道。)
(4) “化妝”
例如:
I cant be bothered to make up my face. (我懶得化妝。)
(5) 其他搭配
① make up ones mind (下決心)
例如:
Make up your mind; you cant have it both ways. (你決定吧,反正魚(yú)與熊掌不可兼得。)
② make up the bed (整理床鋪)
例如:
Ill make up the bed in your old room. (我會(huì)把你原來(lái)房間的床鋪整理好。)
5. cut up
(1) “切碎”
例如:
They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life. (他們從不切斷面條,因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)面條是長(zhǎng)壽的象征。)
(2) “砍傷”
例如:
Her younger brother was cut up by a robber last week. (她弟弟上周被歹徒砍傷了。)
(3) “插科打諢”
例如:
He often cut up in public. (他常常當(dāng)眾胡鬧。)
(4) 辨析:cut down
① “砍倒;把……砍倒”
例如:
He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood. (他把樹(shù)砍倒,并把它劈成燒火用的木柴。)
② “裁短;減少”
例如:
He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet. (他喝咖啡和吸煙都比以前少了,飲食也均衡了。)
6. 辨析:take care of,take after,take off,take out和take place
take care of 照顧(同義詞組為look after)
take after 與……相像;追逐;效仿
take off 起飛;脫下
take out 拿出
take place 發(fā)生
例如:
Mary asks for a day off today. She has to take care of her sick mother. (瑪麗今天請(qǐng)了一天假。她得照看她生病的母親。)
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
1. 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
(1) 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
① 單音節(jié)詞和以-y,-le,-ow,-er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化:
■
② 其他雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞,在該詞前面加more/most。
例如:beautiful→more beautiful→(the) most beautiful
③由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成的雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,都是在該詞前加more/most。
例如:quickly→more quickly→(the) most quickly
difficultly→more difficultly→(the) most difficultly
④ 不規(guī)則變化:
■
(2) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法:
① 原級(jí)的用法:
用于兩者之間對(duì)比,意思為“……和……相同”。結(jié)構(gòu)為:“A+v.+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as B”。
例如:
Tom is as honest as Jack. (Tom和Jack一樣誠(chéng)實(shí)。)
Her skin is as white as snow. (她膚白如雪。)
My dog is as old as that one. (我的狗和那只的年齡差不多。)
He is not as/so tall as I. (他沒(méi)有我高。)
The weather here is not as/so cool as the weather in Harbin. (這里的天氣沒(méi)有像哈爾濱那樣冷。)
② 比較級(jí)的用法:
1) A+ 形容詞比較級(jí)+ than+ B
例如:
Susan is happier than Jane. (Susan比Jane更快樂(lè)。) His brother is younger than me. (他的哥哥比我小。)
Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka. (北京比大阪更美麗。)
注意:形容詞比較級(jí)前還可以用much,even,still,a little,far,a lot,a bit來(lái)修飾。very,so,too,quite不能修飾比較級(jí)。
2) 數(shù)字+形容詞比較級(jí)+ than
例如:
Im two years older than you. (我比你大兩歲。)
She is a head taller than me. (她比我高一個(gè)頭。)
3) 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)
表示“越來(lái)越……”。
例如:
The earth is getting warmer and warmer. (地球越來(lái)越溫暖了。)
China becomes more and more strong. (中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大了。)
4) the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越……就越……”。
例如:
The more I study it, the more I like it. (越學(xué)它,我越喜歡它。)
5) which/who+is+比較級(jí)
例如:
Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin? (哪個(gè)城市更大,北京還是天津?)
Who is happier, you or me? (誰(shuí)更快樂(lè),你還是我?)
③ 最高級(jí)用法:
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比較,最高級(jí)前加the,最高級(jí)前有物主代詞,序數(shù)詞和名詞所有格時(shí),不加定冠詞,后面跟帶in或of表范圍的短語(yǔ)。
1) one of the+最高級(jí)
例如:
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. (上海是中國(guó)最美的城市之一。)
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world. (我們的城市是世界上最安全的城市之一。)
Most people like apples. (大多數(shù)人都喜歡蘋(píng)果。)
Most of the boys are good. (大多數(shù)男孩都很好。)
It is our nearest neighbor in space. (這是我們?cè)谔罩须x得最近的鄰居。)
2) 最高級(jí)意義的表達(dá)方法
■
(3) 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法:
① 原級(jí)主要的句型:
1) as+副詞原級(jí)+as
Tom runs as fast as Jones. (Tom和Jones跑得一樣快。)
否定:not as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as
He didnt come as/so early as Li Lei. (他來(lái)得沒(méi)有李磊早。)
2) too+副詞原級(jí)+to do sth.
Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me. (Jean騎得太慢,追不上我。)
3) so+副詞原級(jí)+that
Jean rides so slowly that she cant catch up with me. (Jean騎得太慢,追不上我。)
4) 副詞原級(jí)+enough to do sth.
Jean doesnt ride fast enough to catch up with me. (Jean騎得不夠快,追不上我。)
② 比較級(jí)的用法:
1) 比較級(jí)+than。當(dāng)前后使用的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí),通常用助動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替后面的動(dòng)詞,該動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞可以省略。
Lily runs faster than Mary (does). (Lily比Mary跑得更快。)
2) 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)
The days are getting longer and longer in summer. (夏季白天變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。)
3) the more... the more...
The harder you work, the better you will learn. (你越努力就會(huì)學(xué)得越好。)
③ 最高級(jí)的用法:
副詞最高級(jí)前一般有the,也可省略。
He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class. (他是班上最用功的學(xué)生。)
2. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:tomorrow(明天),next week(下周),from now on(從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始),in the future(將來(lái))等。
(1) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
① will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形
這種方法一般單純地表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。will用于各種人稱,常簡(jiǎn)略為“l(fā)l”,并與主語(yǔ)連寫(xiě)在一起,如:Ill,hell;shall只用于第一人稱,在肯定句或否定句中表示將要或不會(huì)發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作,在疑問(wèn)句中可以表示建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。變否定句在will/shall后加not,縮略形式為wont;變疑問(wèn)句把will/shall提到主語(yǔ)前。
例如:
I will/shall go to visit him next week. (下周我將去拜訪他。)
What time shall we go there tomorrow? (明天我們幾點(diǎn)去那兒?)
② be going to+動(dòng)詞原形(否定句、疑問(wèn)句的變化體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上)
1) 表示計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事。
例如:
We are going to put up a building here. (我們打算在這里蓋一棟樓。)
How are you going to spend your holidays? (假期你準(zhǔn)備怎樣過(guò)?)
2) 表示即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。
例如:
I think it is going to snow. (我看要下雪了。)
③ 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示
表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞(如:go,come,leave,start,arrive等),可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。
例如:
Uncle Wang is coming. (王叔叔就要來(lái)了。)
(2) 常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)
對(duì)于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的考查,多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用一般將來(lái)時(shí),以及如何正確使用。
注意:
There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí),是容易失分的地方,要牢記它的結(jié)構(gòu):
① There will be...
② There is/are going to be...
3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查重點(diǎn)一般為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句中的問(wèn)與答;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的用法。
(1) 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常用意義往往是考查的重點(diǎn),須準(zhǔn)確理解其含義并根據(jù)句子意思選擇正確的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
① must和have to
兩者都表示“必須”的意思,但must含有說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法、態(tài)度;have to則表示客觀上的需要。
② can和could
兩者都可用來(lái)表能力,意為“能夠,會(huì)”;可用來(lái)表示許可(常用在口語(yǔ)中)或表示懷疑、驚異、不相信等態(tài)度(常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中)。
③ shall和should
shall用于第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn);用于第二、三人稱肯定句或否定句表示說(shuō)話人給予對(duì)方的“禁止、命令、警告、允諾或威脅”等。
should用來(lái)表示建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù)時(shí),可譯為“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”,此時(shí)可用ought to替換;
可用來(lái)表示驚訝、憂慮、贊嘆等不滿情緒(用在疑問(wèn)句中);還可用來(lái)委婉地陳述自己的意見(jiàn)。
④ had better和would rather
“had better+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好做……”,否定句式為“had better not+動(dòng)詞原形”;“would rather+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧可,寧愿”,否定句式為“would rather not+動(dòng)詞原形”。
⑤ used to
“used to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“過(guò)去常常做某事“或表示過(guò)去的一種慣常狀態(tài)。
⑥ need和dare
這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,兩者都只能用于疑問(wèn)句,否定句和條件句。need指“需要”,否定形式need not指“不必做……”;dare指“敢做……”,否定形式dare not指“不敢做……”。
(2) 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法
① 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。
肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may(might)或can(could),其中,must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。意為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”;should的語(yǔ)氣次之,意為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”,指按常理推測(cè);may(might),can(could)的語(yǔ)氣最弱,意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“也許”、“可能”。
否定推測(cè)分為兩種情況:語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí),常用may/ might/ could not,意為“可能不”、“也許不”;否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí),則用cant,意為“根本不可能”、“一定不能”,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。
② must表示推測(cè)
1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè),意為“一定”。
2) must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí),must后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。
例如:
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. (你辛苦工作了一整天,一定累了。) [對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)、判斷]
He must be working in his office. (他一定在辦公室工作呢。)
試比較:
He must be staying there. (他現(xiàn)在肯定在那里。)
He must stay there. (他必須呆在那。)
③ 否定推測(cè)用cant。
例如:
If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet. (如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開(kāi)這兒,他此時(shí)一定還未到家。) [表示推測(cè)的用法]
④ can,could,may,might和must 皆可表示推測(cè),其用法如下:
1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè),此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。
例如:
I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. (我不知道她在哪兒,可能在武漢。)
2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。
例如:
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. (這時(shí),想必我們老師正在批改試卷。)
(3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式
4. 祈使句
用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句通常省略主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形,句尾用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)。
(1) 肯定結(jié)構(gòu)
① 動(dòng)詞原形(賓語(yǔ))+其他成分
例如:
Please have a seat here. (請(qǐng)這邊坐。)
有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略。
例如:
This way, please. = Go this way, please. (請(qǐng)這邊走。)
② be+表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+其他成分
例如:
Be a good boy!(要做一個(gè)好孩子?。?/p>
③ let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分
例如:
Let me help you. (讓我來(lái)幫你。)
(2) 否定結(jié)構(gòu)
① dont+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分
例如:
Dont forget me?。ú灰浳遥。?/p>
Dont be late for school?。ㄉ蠈W(xué)不要遲到?。?② let+賓語(yǔ)+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分
例如:
Let him not go. (別讓他走。)
③ 有些可用no開(kāi)頭,用來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。
例如:
No smoking?。ń刮鼰煟。?/p>
【口語(yǔ)交際】
1. 詢問(wèn)別人的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)某人/某事進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)
詢問(wèn)別人的觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)某人/某事進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)常用以下句型:
(1)“What do you think of+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞-ing?”意思是“你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?”回答有不同的方式。
例如:
① —What do you think of Beijing Opera? (你認(rèn)為京劇怎么樣?)
—I cant stand it. (我不能忍受它。)
② —What do you think of going to travel to Beijing? (你認(rèn)為去北京旅游怎么樣?)
—I dont mind it. (我不介意。)
(2) “How do you like...? ”用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方觀點(diǎn),與“What do you think of...?”意思相同。
例如:
① —How do you like Hero? (你覺(jué)得《英雄》這部電影怎么樣?)
—Its not too bad. (還可以。)
② —How do you like Chinese food? (你覺(jué)得中國(guó)菜怎么樣?)
—Oh, I love it./ I dont like it. (哦,我愛(ài)吃。/我不喜歡。)
2. 邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答
(1) 用一般疑問(wèn)句形式
① Will/ would/ can/ could you come to...? 表示“請(qǐng)您來(lái)……好嗎?”。在被邀請(qǐng)人接受的可能性較大的情況下使用。
例如:
Will you come to take part in my party? (你來(lái)參加我的聚會(huì)好嗎?)
② Would you like+名詞(代詞)/不定式/sb. +不定式?
此句型表示“您愿意……嗎?”或“你是否愿意……?”,此時(shí)邀請(qǐng)人不知對(duì)方是否接受邀請(qǐng),是商量、詢問(wèn)及試探性的邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求或表示個(gè)人的想法、看法。
例如:
—Would you like to go there with him? (你愿意與他一起去那兒?jiǎn)???/p>
—Yes, Id like (love) to. (好的,我愿意。)
類似的肯定回答的表達(dá)法有:
Yes, Id be happy to. (好的,我很樂(lè)意。)
Yes, its very kind/ nice of you to invite me. (好的,謝謝您邀請(qǐng)我。)
Yes, its very kind of you. (真是太好了,謝謝。)
(2) 用陳述句形式
I like sb. to do sth./ Id like you to come to...這是向某人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)的常見(jiàn)句式。表示“希望(想叫)某人做某事”,常與would連用,是一種客氣的邀請(qǐng)。
例如:
—Id like to invite you to see a film with me. (我想請(qǐng)你和我一起去看電影。)
—Id like (love) to, but Im very busy. (我很想,但我很忙。)
類似的委婉拒絕的表達(dá)法有:
Id love to... But Im afraid... (我想去,但是恐怕……)
Thank you for inviting me./ Its very kind of you to invite me, but Im busy. (謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我,但我很忙。)