河北 胡金瑩

形形色色的狀語(yǔ)從句

河北 胡金瑩

狀語(yǔ)從句是高中語(yǔ)法的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容，也是高考英語(yǔ)的重要考點(diǎn)。因此，無(wú)論從高考的角度，還是從英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)本身來(lái)講，狀語(yǔ)從句的用法都是我們必須理解和掌握的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。本文將結(jié)合近五年的高考試題來(lái)具體講述狀語(yǔ)從句的用法，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。

一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.（改編自2016天津卷，7）

2. When/While walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years.（改編自2016天津卷，3）

3. Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.（改編自2016北京卷，21）

4. The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.（改編自2016天津卷，2）

5. We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.（改編自2015天津卷，12）

6. If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.（改編自2015重慶卷，4）

7. Once the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.（改編自2015北京卷，32）

8. The moment I got my mum to sleep，I put cold towel on her forehead，found pills in the medicine box，and made some noodles for her.

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1、句2和句3可知：when，while和as可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，可以與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用（相當(dāng)于while），也可以與短暫性動(dòng)詞連用，常用的固定結(jié)構(gòu)有：be doing...when...，意為“正在做某事，正在此刻……”；be about to do...when...，意為“正要做某事，正在此刻……”；had （just） done...when...，意為 “剛剛做完某事，正在此刻……”。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常意為“一邊……一邊……，隨著”。

2. 通過(guò)句4可知：since可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“自從”，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

3. 通過(guò)句5和句6可知：before可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之前，還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及……就……”，此外，常用的before句型有：It was/will be+一段時(shí)間+before從句，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后……才……”，It wasn’t/won’t be+long before從句，意為“不久……”。

4. 通過(guò)句7可知：once可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦”。

5. 通過(guò)句8可知：名詞短語(yǔ)可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的名詞短語(yǔ)有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the first time，the last time，each time，every time，any time，next time等。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2015四川卷，6） There is only one more day to go_______your favorite music group play live.

【解析】before。句意：在你最喜歡的樂(lè)隊(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演之前只剩下一天了。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填before。

二、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.（改編自2016北京卷，33）

2. I love the weekend，since I needn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.（改編自2016北京卷，31）

3. I am not afraid of tomorrow，for I have seen yesterday and I love today.（改編自2016北京卷，35）

4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ，as late payments may affect your credit.（改編自2016浙江卷，8）

5. Now that the chances of dying young are much lower，the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.（改編自2015廣東卷，完形填空）

6. Seeing that there was a f ower stall at the front of the supermarket，he added，“Why shouldn’t we buy the lady a f ower?”（改編自2014陜西卷，完形填空）

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1可知：because 表示直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)回答why；通過(guò)句2可知：since 通常放在句首，意為“既然”，表示人們已知道的事實(shí)，不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因；通過(guò)句3可知：for 通常放在主句后，對(duì)前面一句話的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；通過(guò)句4可知：as為不談自明的原因，語(yǔ)氣最弱，意為“由于”。

2. 通過(guò)句5和句6可知：引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的短語(yǔ)有：now that（既然），seeing that（鑒于），considering that（考慮到）等。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2013山東卷，26） Mark needs to learn Chinese________his company is opening a branch in Beijing.

【解析】since/as/because。句意：Mark需要學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗墓菊郎?zhǔn)備在北京開(kāi)一家分公司。此題考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句，故正確答案為since/as/because。

三、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.（改編自2015安徽卷，34）

2. In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，wherever it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.（改編自2013江蘇卷，28）

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1可知：where可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在哪里，在……的地方”。

2. 通過(guò)句2可知：wherever可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“無(wú)論在哪里，無(wú)論在……的地方”。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2012天津卷，14） Everything was placed exactly_______he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.

【解析】where。句意：為了畢業(yè)典禮，他把一切都放在了他想放的地方。根據(jù)“was placed”可知，其后為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. The team are working hard to analyze the problem so_that/in order that they can f nd the best solution.（改編自2015湖北卷，23）

2. I took my driving license with me on holiday，in case I wanted to hire a car.（改編自2013北京卷，30）

3. For fear that I would become a victim of the consumer society，I immediately hurried to a bicycle shop in my neighborhood.

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1可知：so that和in order that都可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“以便……；為了……”，in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。

2. 通過(guò)句2和句3可知：for fear that 和in case 都可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，for fear that意為“害怕，擔(dān)心”；in case意為“以防，萬(wàn)一”。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2014浙江卷，15）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born________she could stay home and raise her family.

【解析】so that/in order that。句意：Cathy在兒子出生時(shí)不得不辭職了，目的是為了她能夠待在家里照顧整個(gè)家庭。so that或in order that用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“以便……；為了……”。

五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.（2016北京卷，書(shū)面表達(dá)范文）

2. I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.

【規(guī)則探究】

通過(guò)句1和句2可知：引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有so...that...，such...that...，意為“如此……以至于……”。

【經(jīng)典試題】（2016年河北省衡水中學(xué)七調(diào)）As we can see，developing a good habit is so important________I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day.

【解析】that。句意：正如我們看到的那樣，養(yǎng)成一個(gè)好的習(xí)慣如此重要，以至于我想介紹一種好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，即每天都要記學(xué)習(xí)筆記。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處考查so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are traveling at high speed. （改編自2016浙江卷，13）

2. You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.（改編自2014湖南卷，26）

3. I’ll be out for some time. In case anything important happens，call me up immediately.（改編自2014四川卷，8）

4. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.（2015全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，書(shū)面表達(dá)范文）

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1和句2可知：if和unless可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，if意為“如果”，unless意為“除非，如果不”，相當(dāng)于if...not。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 通過(guò)句3和句4可知：引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞還有：in case（如果）；on condition that（條件是）；suppose/supposing（that）（假設(shè)）；providing/provided that（如果）等。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2015陜西卷，20）I believe you will have a wonderful time here_______you get to know everyone else.

【解析】if/once。句意：我相信如果/一旦你認(rèn)識(shí)了其他所有人，你會(huì)在這里玩兒得很開(kāi)心。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此題填if/once。

七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then ，even though/if he is in his nineties.（改編自2016北京卷，27）

2. While/Although/Though online shopping has changed our life，not all of its ef fects have been positive.（改 編 自2016浙江卷，5）

3. Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.（改編自2012陜西卷，18）

4. Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.（改編自2016北京卷，24）

5. However/No matter how hard you try，it is diff cult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.（改編自2012湖南卷，32）

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1可知：even though和even if用法相同，意為“即使”。

2. 通過(guò)句2可知：although，though，while意義相同，通?？梢曰Q，意為“雖然；盡管”，可以與yet，still或nevertheless連用，但不能與but連用。

3. 通過(guò)句3可知：as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，其固定句型為：n./adj./adv./-ed+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，此時(shí)的as可以換成though。

4. 通過(guò)句4和句5可知：“疑問(wèn)詞+-ever”既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不管……；無(wú)論……”。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2015安徽卷，23）_______scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still don’t know.

【解析】While/Although/Though。句意：雖然科學(xué)家已經(jīng)了解了很多有關(guān)宇宙的東西，但是還有很多我們不知道的。根據(jù)句意可知，此題填While/Although/Though。

八、方式狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.（改編自2015浙江卷，9）

【規(guī)則探究】

通過(guò)句1可知：as可以引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“按照；如同”。

【經(jīng)典試題】（2014年安徽省江南十校聯(lián)考，26）—Darling，hand me the new suit. My coat may be a little casual for the lecture.

—Why bother? I think you can go________you are.

【解析】as。句意：“親愛(ài)的，把那套西服遞給我，我的外套對(duì)上課來(lái)說(shuō)也許有點(diǎn)隨意?！薄皠e麻煩了，我認(rèn)為你可以就這樣去?！贝祟}考查方式狀語(yǔ)從句。as you are意為“你現(xiàn)在的樣子”。

九、比較狀語(yǔ)從句

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.（改編自2016浙江卷，19）

2. Were I three years younger than I am now ，I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.（改編自2015重慶卷，書(shū)面表達(dá)范文）

【規(guī)則探究】

通過(guò)句1和句2可知：比較狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于句尾，常用as，than等連接詞引導(dǎo)。

【經(jīng)典試題】（2016年江西省贛中南五校適應(yīng)性考試）Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it________just keeping buildings from falling down.

【解析】than。句意：地震安全非常重要，與防止建筑物倒塌相比，還有更多的事情要做。根據(jù)句中的“more”可知，設(shè)空處填than。

十、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)

【實(shí)例體驗(yàn)】

1. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.（改編自2014浙江卷，閱讀理解）

2. If accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.（改編自2015北京卷，31）

3. The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30℃ in summer. （改編自2014福建卷，28）

【規(guī)則探究】

1. 通過(guò)句1和句2可知：當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致且從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。

2. 通過(guò)句3可知：當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)部分中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。構(gòu)成“連詞（if，unless，when，whenever等）+形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【高考鏈接】（改編自2014湖南卷，21）Children，when_______（accompany） by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.

【解析】accompanied。句意：當(dāng)孩子們由父母陪同時(shí)，他們才被允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)?！皐hen accompanied by their parents”相當(dāng)于“when children are accompanied by their parents”，故答案為accompanied.

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1.________hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without taking regular exercise.

2._______I always felt I could pass the exam ，I had never thought I would get the f rst place in my class.

3. Jim smiled politely________Mary introduced him to her friends.

4. If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay_______you are and wait for help.

5. As is known to us，it is more than 100 years________Qinghua University was founded.

6. Try________she might，the little girl still couldn’t move away the heavy stone.

7. Last Friday，we were walking along the street_______my daughter suddenly heard cries for help.

8.________you start to read the book，I am sure you will show great interest in it.

9. You must try your best to study English. I am sure it won’t be long_______you make progress.

10. No one is allowed to enter the room________called.

【參考答案】1. However 2. While/Although/Though 3. as/when/while 4. where 5. since 6. as/though 7. when 8. Once/If 9. before 10. unless

（作者單位：河北省樂(lè)亭縣第一中學(xué)）