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      特殊反意疑問(wèn)句的用法

      2017-03-25 11:55:55楊勝平
      甘肅教育 2017年3期
      關(guān)鍵詞:用法

      楊勝平

      【關(guān)鍵詞】 特殊反意疑問(wèn)句;用法;說(shuō)明

      【中圖分類號(hào)】 G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】 C

      【文章編號(hào)】 1004—0463(2017)03—0113—01

      在英語(yǔ)中,反意疑問(wèn)句(Question Tag)是附加在陳述句之后的一種問(wèn)句形式。它是對(duì)所陳述的實(shí)事或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句,因而也叫附加問(wèn)句。這種附加問(wèn)句則是由“助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成,附加問(wèn)句與陳述句的主語(yǔ)相同;附加疑問(wèn)句必須用簡(jiǎn)略形式,句末一般使用升調(diào)。如果陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是肯定式,則反意疑問(wèn)句為否定式,反之亦然。但是,在使用過(guò)程中上述規(guī)則并不容易掌握。下面將不容易被掌握的、特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。

      一、陳述句部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,表示“一定” “想必”等推測(cè)意思時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的動(dòng)詞與實(shí)際表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)相一致

      1)You must be tired,arent you? (現(xiàn)在的情況推測(cè))

      2)It must have rained last night,didnt it? (過(guò)去的情況推測(cè))

      3)He must have been here for several years,hast he? (過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響)

      但是,當(dāng)must表示“必須”的意思時(shí), 附加問(wèn)句用must/mustnt 或neednt.

      二、陳述句部分含有used to 時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句用didnt

      1)He used to live in China,usednt /didnt he ?

      2)They used to swim in that river,usednt/didnt they?

      但是,There be結(jié)構(gòu)中含有used to時(shí),附加問(wèn)句要用wasnt或werent。

      There used to be an old temple .wasnt there?

      三、陳述句部分是表示“存在”的“there be”句型的反疑問(wèn)句,其后的附加文句仍用引導(dǎo)詞there

      1)There will be a meeting next week,wont there ?

      2)There is a cat under the table,isnt there?

      但是,以表示“地點(diǎn)”的“there be”句型中,則根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的性、數(shù)選擇相應(yīng)的代詞形式作附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)。

      There comes the bus,doesnt it?

      四、陳述句部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everything,something,nothing,anything 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),附加問(wèn)句中用it;陳述句部分主語(yǔ)everyone,someone ,anyone,nobody 等做主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),附加問(wèn)句正式文體用he,非正式文體用they

      1)Everything seems all right,doesnit?

      2)Everyone is having a wonderful time,isnt he/arent they?

      3)One should keep his words for over,shouldnt one?

      五、陳述句部分含有否定詞或半否定詞little,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,nowhere,nothing,no,none,neither,陳述句如果是作否定的,附加問(wèn)句要用肯定形式

      1)Few students can work out this maths problem,can they?

      2)Mr. White seldom smiles ,does he?

      3)You could hardly see Mary in the library ,could you?

      但是,當(dāng)陳述句中含有否定的前綴un-,dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir- 構(gòu)成派生詞時(shí),陳述句應(yīng)看作肯定形式,附加問(wèn)句用否定形式。

      4)Mr. Black dislikes coffee,doesnt he ?

      5)Those students seemed unable to catch what the teacher had said,didt they?

      六、陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是I,附加問(wèn)句通常在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中一般用arent I

      1)I am your relative,arent I?

      2)I am late,arent I?

      七、陳述句部分含有表示“所有”含義的have時(shí),附加問(wèn)句既可用have形式,也可用do形式

      1)You have two sisters,havent/dont you?

      2)John hasnt a lot of money,has he?

      但是,當(dāng)have不表示“所有”含義時(shí),應(yīng)按一般行為動(dòng)詞對(duì)待,附加問(wèn)句用do的適當(dāng)形式。

      1)We have to solve the problem in time,dont we?

      2)He had a rest,didnt he?

      八、陳述句部分含有need 或dare時(shí),由于這兩個(gè)詞既可以做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,又可以做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,故應(yīng)區(qū)別看待

      1) Jane neednt go there with us,need she?

      2)The man doesnt need to carry that heavy case,dose she?

      3)You dare touch the dead snake,darent you?

      十、陳述句部分是肯定的祈使句,附加問(wèn)句用will you 或wont you,一般情況下,表示“命令”“請(qǐng)求”時(shí), 多用will you, 表示“邀請(qǐng)”時(shí), 多用wont you;陳述句部分是否定形式的祈使句時(shí),僅能用will you

      1)Be quick,will you/wont you?

      2)Dont look out of the window,will you?

      但是,以lets…或lets not..開頭的祈使句的,則用法不同:lets...包括說(shuō)話者本人,附加問(wèn)句用shall we (而let us…不包括說(shuō)話者本人。

      3)Legs play basketball ,shall we?

      4)Let us go to the zoo,will you?

      5)Let us not swim now,ok/all right?

      十一、陳述句部分是“ I wish…”時(shí),附加問(wèn)句用may I

      1)I wish to go to the moon by spaceship one day,may I?

      2)I wish you could have been with us then,may I?

      十二、陳述句部分是并列句時(shí),附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)與鄰近分句(即最后一個(gè)分句)保持一致

      1 )Mike likes swimming,but Lida likes skiing,doesnt she?

      2)Mr Smith was a teacher,and he taught us Maths three year ago,didnt he?

      編輯:趙玉梅

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