1. terrify v. 使驚恐，使受驚嚇

The thunderstorm terrified the child.

雷雨把那個小孩嚇壞了。

His terrifying stories terrified these girls.

他講的恐怖故事嚇壞了這些女孩子。

terrified adj. 恐懼，很害怕

be terrified of sth/doing sth 懼怕某事/做某事

He is terrified of speaking English in class.

他害怕在課堂上講英語。

2. refuse v. 拒絕，回絕

We asked him to come， but he refused.

我們叫他來，可是他拒絕了。

refuse to do sth 拒絕做某事

He refused to come to the meeting.

他拒絕來參加會議。

3. fear n. 害怕，恐懼

（1） 當(dāng)fear作名詞意為“恐懼”時，多為不可數(shù)名詞。

His voice shook with fear.

他害怕得聲音發(fā)抖。

（2） 當(dāng)fear作名詞意為“憂慮；擔(dān)心的事”時，為可數(shù)名詞。

There is no reason for your fears.

你沒有理由擔(dān)心。

1） for fear of （由于怕）以防……

Shut the window for fear of catching a cold.

關(guān)閉窗戶以免感冒。

2） in fear of 擔(dān)心/害怕……

The thief passed the day in fear of being discovered.

這個小偷整天提心吊膽害怕被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

4. cure v. 治愈，治好（病人或動物）；治好（疾?。?/p>

Penicillin cured him of pneumonia.

青霉素治愈了他的肺炎。

比較：cure和heal的區(qū)別

（1） cure一般用于疾病方面的治愈；除了人或動物的疾病外，cure也可用于其他能夠“出毛病”的事或物。

TB is a serious illness， but it can be cured.

肺結(jié)核雖然是一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，但是可以治愈。

I finally managed to cure the rattling noise in my car.

我最終設(shè)法解決了我的汽車發(fā)出的咯咯響聲。

（2） heal也表示“治愈，復(fù)原”之意，但多半用在外傷傷口的治愈；heal也用在精神上的“醫(yī)治”。

The cut will soon heal up/heal over.

傷口很快就會愈合。

Time heals all sorrows.

時間可以治愈一切憂傷。

5. resist v. 抵抗，反抗；抗拒；忍耐，忍住

（1） resist表示“抵抗，反抗；抗拒”時，既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。

The nation was unable to resist the invasion.

該國無力抵抗侵略。

If the enemy continues to resist， wipe them out.

如果敵人繼續(xù)抵抗，就把他們消滅掉。

（2） resist表示“抵擋；保持原狀；不受……傷害；抗酸，耐熱”等時為及物動詞，后面通常接名詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。

The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.

銀行強烈反對降低利率。

This special coating is designed to resist rust.

這一特別的涂層旨在抗銹。

（3） resist表示“忍耐，忍受”時作及物動詞，常用于否定句，可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式，也可作不及物動詞。

I couldnt resist the temptation to tease Ollie.

我忍不住要逗奧利玩。

I couldnt resist telling him the secret.

我克制不住只得把秘密告訴了他。

6. accompany v. 陪伴，陪同；附有；伴奏

Who will accompany you to the airport？

誰將陪你去機(jī)場？

The well-known singer was accompanied at the electronic organ by his primary school teacher.

那位著名歌唱家的小學(xué)老師用電子風(fēng)琴為他伴奏。

7. absorb v. 吸收（液體，氣體，光，聲等）；汲

取，理解（知識等）；使全神貫注，吸引（注意

等）；合并（公司等），吞并；承受，經(jīng)受

Cotton gloves absorb sweat.

棉手套吸汗。

So many good ideas！ Its too much for me to absorb all at once.

這么多好主意！太多了，我很難一下子完全吸收。

The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.

老人全神貫注地讀這本書。

Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.

小公司被大公司吞并了。

She wont be able to absorb another heavy blow.

她無力承受再一次的沉重打擊。

8. arise v.（問題、困難等）發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；升起，上升

Between the copartners did serious disagreements arise.

合伙人之間產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重分歧。

Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.

在他們進(jìn)行實驗的過程中，出現(xiàn)了意想不到的困難。

A heavy mist arose from the lake.

湖面起了濃霧。

9. burn out （火）燃盡，燒完自滅；燒掉（家、

店、財產(chǎn)等）；燒壞（電燈泡、電器）；（怒氣

等）消失；（因工作過度等）垮下，筋疲力盡

The fire had burnt （itself） out before the fire engines arrived.

消防車到達(dá)之前火就熄滅了。

The fire burned out his shop and left him deep in debt.

火燒掉了他的商店，使他負(fù)債累累。

The electric light bulb burned out.

電燈泡燒壞了。

Their anger seems to have burned out.

他們的憤怒似乎已經(jīng)平息了。

Youll burn yourself out if you go on working at this rate.

如果你繼續(xù)這樣干下去，你的身體會垮掉的。

10. by mistake 錯誤地

Ive poured coffee into your cup by mistake.

我錯把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了。

Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake.

湯姆一定是弄錯了才拿了你的字典。

11. treat ... as 把……當(dāng)成……對待

Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.

不要把這件嚴(yán)肅的事情當(dāng)作笑料。

He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.

他獲釋出獄時被當(dāng)成英雄看待。

12. （be） identical to 和……一樣，與……一致

Your appearance is identical to hers.

你的相貌和她的一模一樣。

This picture is identical to the one my mother has.

這張照片和我母親的那張一模一樣。

13. knock out 摧毀；擊昏；從比賽中排除；磕干

凈；使震驚，使驚得發(fā)呆；使（某人）疲勞，

使（某人）累垮；盡最大努力，竭盡全力

The telephone communications were knocked out by the storm.

電話線被風(fēng)暴摧毀了。

He received a blow on the head which knocked him out.

他頭上被打了一拳就昏倒了。

He has now knocked out most of the other competitors.

他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)壓倒了大多數(shù)其他競賽對手。

After knocking out his pipe， the old man went on with his story.

老人把煙斗里的煙灰磕干凈后又繼續(xù)講故事。

The beautiful scenery really knocks me out.

這美麗的景色簡直把我給迷住了。

He knocked himself out with excessive work.

他工作過度，把身體累垮了。

He knocked himself out cramming for the exams.

他正竭盡全力趕功課準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)試。

14. get out of control 擺脫控制；無法管理

The noise frightened the horse and it got out of control.

馬被響聲驚著了而無法控制。

The carriage got out of control and ran over a pedestrian.

那輛馬車失去了控制，碾過一個行人。

1） be in control （of sth） 掌管；管理；控制

2） be under control 被控制住；處于控制之下

3） bring/get/keep sth under control 控制；抑制

4） lose control （of ） 失去控制

5） take control of 掌控

15. break down 分解

Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.

水可以分解為氫和氧。

The population breaks down into three main groups.

人口可分成三個主要的族群。

16. as far as we know 據(jù)我們所知

As far as we know， the earth is the only planet with life on it.

就我們所知，地球是唯一的有生命存在的行星。

As far as we know， no one has ever gotten sick by eating infected mutton.

正如我們所了解的那樣，沒有一個人因吃染病的羊肉而得病。