劉靜 田曉艷
【摘 要】基于隨機介質(zhì)理論,考慮了隧道直徑、埋深、土體削減、圍巖性質(zhì)等因素對主要影響角和間隙參數(shù)的影響,研究了Park位移模式3對盾構(gòu)掘進引發(fā)的隧道軸線上方任一土層深度的空間變形。工程算例結(jié)果表明,本文方法相對于經(jīng)驗解其曲線變化趨勢更符合實測值,相對于已有的研究結(jié)果其計算數(shù)值偏大,故工程應(yīng)用偏于安全。
【關(guān)鍵詞】隨機介質(zhì)理論;影響角;間隙參數(shù);位移模式3;空間變形
The Spatial Displacement of the Deep Soil Induced by the Shield Excavation Based on the Stochastic Medium Theory
LIU Jing TIAN Xiao-yan
(Civil Engineering Department,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Shiyou University,Xian Shaanxi 710065,China)
【Abstract】Based on the stochastic medium theory,the spatial displacement of the deep soil is drawn in terms of the Park third displacement mode by considering the series parameters,such as the tunnel diameter, the tunnel buried depth,the ground loss,the properties around the rock,the ground influence angle,gap parameter,and so on.Combining with the specific engineering example and the existing research results,it is proved that the study curve trend of this paper is more in line with the measured field dates and the dates are bigger,so the results are more safe for the engineering application.
【Key words】The stochastic medium theory;Ground influence angle;Gap parameter;The third displacement;Spatial displacement
0 引言
對于地鐵隧道掘進期間誘發(fā)深層土體位移的探討,國內(nèi)諸多學(xué)者集中于地表[1-3]沉降上,且現(xiàn)存的多數(shù)理論研究方法一般均假定隧道沿縱向無限長,即平面問題[4],但實際上盾構(gòu)工藝誘發(fā)的土層變形是空間的。目前研究方法:源匯法[5-6]、復(fù)變函數(shù)法[7]、彈性力學(xué)法(Airy法[8]、mindlin解[9]、loganathan[10])、隨機理論[11-12]等?,F(xiàn)有方法存在的問題:源匯法得出曲線偏“淺而寬”的結(jié)論;復(fù)變函數(shù)法計算原理復(fù)雜;彈性力學(xué)法邏輯推導(dǎo)需要引入較多的假定。而20世紀50年代J.Litwinisyn首次闡述的隨機介質(zhì)理論,后經(jīng)劉寶琛、陽軍生、施成華、谷拴成等國內(nèi)研究學(xué)者的擴展,其理論體系在預(yù)估地表位移時已相對成熟,且文獻[12]初步研究了深層土體的空間變位,提出需解決問題:一是合理選擇徑向位移模式;二是主要參數(shù)i(z)、g0、?茁z的擇選。但文獻[12]在參數(shù)選取時未考慮圍巖的土體性質(zhì),且文獻[4][16]結(jié)果顯示:圍巖土層性質(zhì)對計算結(jié)果影響較大,所以本文結(jié)合Park第三種非均勻徑向位移模式,研究了隧道直徑、埋深、土體削減以及圍巖性質(zhì)等因素引起的隧道軸線上覆任一土層深度的三維變形計算公式。
1 隨機介質(zhì)理論在地層變形中的應(yīng)用
1.1 開挖單元誘發(fā)的地層變位
將其視作無數(shù)個d?孜,d?灼,d?濁的疊加,采取隨機介質(zhì)理論[13]得地層z向位移:
3 算例分析
以天津地鐵1號線為例分析:盾構(gòu)機選用l=9m,D=6.39m土壓式機型,H=11.848m,?著=0.0075,u=0.3,實測土層主要為:黏土、粉土、粉質(zhì)黏土,且隧道主要穿越為粉質(zhì)黏土層,=28.6°,選取斷面x=-9,y=6m分析。
圖2表明:考慮圍巖土質(zhì)概況的本文解在經(jīng)驗解和齊靜靜解之間,且曲線趨勢與齊靜靜結(jié)論一致,但齊靜靜解相對于經(jīng)驗值均偏小,工程上偏于不安全,此外經(jīng)驗解近地表處計算值較適宜,但近隧道軸線處曲線變化形態(tài)差異較大,原因是經(jīng)驗公式適用的條件是斷面小且埋深大的工程。此外本文解高于實測值,原因是現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測值是假定地面為不動點來測定的,所以綜合分析認為采用本文的半解析方法預(yù)測深層土體的位移是合理可行的。
4 結(jié)論
本文基于Park位移模式3,采用隨機介質(zhì)理論預(yù)估地鐵開挖誘發(fā)的圍巖空間變位積分表達式,利用數(shù)值積分通過計算機編程得其問題解,尤其是針對目前計算過程中參數(shù)取值存在的問題進行深入研究,結(jié)果表明:在確定土層深度的主要影響角和間隙參數(shù)時,不僅需要考慮隧道的埋深和斷面,還需考慮圍巖的土質(zhì)概況,綜合各方面因素后才能得到較為精確的半解析解,才能偏安全的指導(dǎo)實際工程。
【參考文獻】
[1]伍振志.基于非均勻收斂模式的隧道地表變形的隨機介質(zhì)預(yù)測模型[J].中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版),2010,41(5):2005-2010.
WU Zhenzhi.Stochastic medium predicting model of ground movement tunneling based on non-uniform convergence mode[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2010,41(5):2005-2010.
[2]周憲偉,赫海靈.解析法研究盾構(gòu)法隧道施工引起的地表變形[J].黑龍江工程學(xué)院學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版),2007,21(4):8-10.
Zhou Xianwei,He Hailing.Research on ground deformation in shield tunneling based on analytical methods[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, 2007,21(4):8-10.
[3]周磊,黨發(fā)寧.圓形黃土地鐵隧洞暗挖法地表沉降簡化解析算法[J].水利與建筑土程學(xué)報,2014,12(5):98-101.
Zhou Lei,Dang Faning.Simplified Analytical Algorithm of Ground Settlement Induced by the Subsurface Excavation of Circular Loess Subway Tunnels[J].Journal of Water Resources andArchitectural Engineering,2014,12(5):98-101.
[4]姬永紅.隧道施工引起橫向地層沉降的隨機預(yù)測[J].巖土工程技術(shù),2004,18(1):16-18.
Ji Yong hong,Stochastic Theory for Predicting Latitudinal Stratum Settlement due to the Tunnel Construction[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2004,18(1):16-18.
[5]姜忻良,趙志民.盾構(gòu)施工引起土體位移的空間計算方法[J].華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(城市科學(xué)版),2005,22(2):1-5.
Jiang Xinliang,Zhao Zhimin.3D Analytical Method Used to Calculate Shield Tunneling Induced Soil Displacements[J].Journal of HUST.(Urban Science Edition),2005,22(2):1-5.
[6]盧海林,趙志民,方芃,等.盾構(gòu)法隧道施工引起土體位移與應(yīng)力的鏡像分析方法[J].巖土力學(xué),2007,28(1):45-50.
Lu Hailin,Zhao Zhimin,F(xiàn)ang Peng etc.Analytical method of image theory used to calculate shield tunneling induced soil displacements and stresses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):45-50.
[7]晏莉,陽軍生,劉寶琛.淺埋雙孔平行隧道開挖圍巖應(yīng)力和位移分析[J].巖土工程學(xué)報,2011,33(3):413-419.
Yan Li,Yang Junsheng,Liu Baochen.,Stress and displacement of surrounding rock with shallow twin-parallel tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2011,33(3):413-419.
[8]申林方,王志良,謝建斌.基于邊界配點法淺埋隧道開挖引起周圍土體變形的分析[J].巖土力學(xué)(增刊),2012,33(2):297-301.
Shen Linfangs,Wang Zhiliang,Xie Jianbin.Response analysis of soil deformation induced by shallow tunnel excavation base on boundary collocation method[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):297-301.
[9]梁榮柱,夏唐代,林存剛,等.盾構(gòu)推進引起地表變形及深層土體水平位移分析[J].巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報,2015,34(3).
Liang Rongzhu,Xia Tangdail,Lin Cungang etc.Analysis Of Ground Surface Displacement And Horizontal Movement Of Deep Soils Induced By Shield Advancing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(3).
[10]魏綱,魏新江,龔慈,等.軟土中盾構(gòu)法隧道引起的土體移動計算研究[J].巖土力學(xué),2006,6,27(6).
Study on calculation for shield tunneling-induced ground movements in clays,Wei Gang,Wei Xin-jiang,Gong Ci etc,rock and soil mechanics,2006,6,27(6).
[11]施成華.城市隧道施工地層變形時空統(tǒng)一預(yù)測理論及應(yīng)用研究[D].長沙:中南大學(xué),2007.
Shi Chenghua.Study on time-space united calculating theory of stratum deformation for tunnel excavation in urban and its application[D].Chang sha:Central South University,2007.
[12]齊靜靜,徐日慶,魏綱.盾構(gòu)施工引起土體三維變形的計算方法研究[J].巖土力學(xué),2009,30(8):2442-2446.
Qi Jingjing,Xu Riqing,Wei Gang.Research on calculation method of soil 3D displacement due to shield tunnel construction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanic s,2009,30(8):2442-2446.
[13]劉寶琛.隨機介質(zhì)理論及其在開挖引起的地表下沉問題中的應(yīng)用[J].中國有色金屬學(xué)報,1992,2(3):8-14.
Liu Bao-chen.Stochastic Medium Model of Surface settlement due to Soil Excavation[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous etals,1992,M2(3):8-14.
[14]施成華,彭立敏,雷明鋒.盾構(gòu)法施工隧道地層變形時空統(tǒng)一預(yù)測方法研究[J].巖土力學(xué),2009,30(8):2379-2384.
Shi Cheng hua,Peng Li-min,Lei Ming-feng.Study of timespace united calculating method of stratum deformation caused by shield tunnel excavatio n[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(8):2379-2384.
[15]魏綱.盾構(gòu)隧道深層土體沉降槽寬度系數(shù)計算方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(4):110-114.
Wei Gang.Study on Calculation Method of Width Coefficient of Subsurface Settle-
ment Trough in Shield Tunnel[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2010,27(4):110-114.
[16]魏綱.盾構(gòu)法隧道地面沉降槽寬度系數(shù)取值的研究[J].工業(yè)建筑,2009,39(12):74-79.
Wei Gang.Study On Calculation For Width Parameter Of Surface Settlement Trough Induced By Shield Tunnel[J].Industrial Construction,2009,39(12):74-79.
[責任編輯:田吉捷]