⊙ By David Edelstein

翻譯：蒺藜

動(dòng)畫片，讓消失的男孩回歸

⊙ By David Edelstein

翻譯：蒺藜

對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)畫片是用來(lái)娛樂(lè)消遣的，但是對(duì)于本文的主人公歐文來(lái)說(shuō)，迪士尼動(dòng)畫片卻是引領(lǐng)他重回這個(gè)世界的燈塔。催淚記錄片《生活，動(dòng)畫》（Life, Animated）根據(jù)歐文父親羅恩·薩斯坎德（普利策新聞獎(jiǎng)得主）寫的小說(shuō)《消失的男孩》拍攝而成。導(dǎo)演羅杰·羅斯·威廉姆斯說(shuō)：“我想要述說(shuō)主角歐文的動(dòng)人故事，同時(shí)開創(chuàng)一個(gè)深入探討自閉癥的空間。歐文是個(gè)特別的孩子，對(duì)人生的觀察極為獨(dú)特，因?yàn)樗耆皇苌鐣?huì)化的影響與阻撓。他活在自己的童話寓言里，尋找自己的方式來(lái)理解這個(gè)世界，也因此對(duì)人生有許多豐富且睿智的體會(huì)?！?/p>

Owen Suskind, who has autism,2)figures out how to navigate the world using Disney cartoons as a reference point. When Owen (Ron Suskind and his wife Cornelia’s second son) was born, he seemed “normal” until age three when, as Suskind puts it, “he vanished.” His3)motor skills4)deteriorated. He lost what language he’d attained. “Autism was5)diagnosed,” says Suskind. “Someone6)kidnapped our son.”

One day, he came to his parents saying words they could barely understand, which turned out to be “just your voice.” It’s a phrase from The Little Mermaid, whose7)heroine is told she’ll have to8)surrender something. “Just your voice.” Over and over, he says those words. And a doctor tells the Suskinds it might be9)echolalia—that is, mere repetition. “Or it might

be,” says Suskind, “a sign that he’s still in there.”

Ron Suskind (Owen’s Father): So I go up to his room. I see Owen on the bed10)flipping through a Disney book. And I see…sort of over to my left, I see Iago the11)puppet. I grab the puppet. I pull it up to my elbow. And I begin to12)crawl across the rug as quietly as I can. And Owen turns to the puppet like he’s13)bumping into an old friend. (Imitating Iago’s voice) I say to him, “Owen, Owen. How does it feel to be you?”

Owen: And I said, “Not good ’cause I don’t have any friends.”

Ron: Now I’m under the14)bedspread, and I just bite down hard, you know? (Imitating Iago’s voice) And I said, “OK, OK. Owen, when did you and I become such good friends?”

And he said, “When I watched Aladdin, youmade me laugh.”

And then we talk—Owen and Iago—for a minute…minute and a half! It’s the first conversation we’ve ever had!

There’s no way of knowing if or when Owen would have found his voice without Disney, no way of exploring that road not taken. But as I watched Owen pace, hands behind his back, showing anxiety and self-15)consciousness as he tried to learn social16)cues, I thought, maybe it helps that he can identify with a character in a movie. Maybe this is how someone with autism can learn17)empathy.

Today, Owen is 23, and in the process of graduating from a special school in Cape Cod. He’ll be moving into his own apartment in an assisted-living18)facility. He has a girlfriend. He’s still watching Disney cartoons. He even runs a Disney cartoon club, which, he says, makes him popular with other students.

1) autism [???tIz(?)m] n. 孤獨(dú)癥，自閉癥

2) figure out 弄明白

3) motor skill 運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，指人有效地完成動(dòng)作的一種能力，包括大腦皮質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)下不同肌肉群間的協(xié)調(diào)性，即在空間內(nèi)正確運(yùn)用肌肉工作的能力，這里指穿衣、使用筷子或刀叉等基本生活技能。

4) deteriorate [dI?tI?rI?reIt] v. 使惡化，變?cè)?/p>

5) diagnose [daI?ɡ?n??z] v. 診斷

6) kidnap [?kIdn?p] v. 綁架，拐帶

7) heroine [?her??In] n. 女主人公，女主角

8) surrender [s??rend?(r)] v. 投降，放棄

9) echolalia [?ek???leIlI?] n. 模仿言語(yǔ)癥，尤指精神不正常的一種癥候。

10) flip through 匆匆翻看

11) puppet [?p?pIt] n. 木偶，布偶

12) crawl [kr??l] v. 爬，爬行

13) bump into 偶然碰見

14) bedspread [?bedspred] n. 床罩

15) consciousness [?k?n??snIs] n. 意識(shí)，知覺(jué)，感覺(jué)

16) cue [kju?] n. 提示，暗示

17) empathy [?emp?θI] n. 感情移入，同感

18) facility [f??sIlItI] n. 設(shè)施，設(shè)備

歐文·薩斯坎德是一名自閉癥患者，他借助迪士尼動(dòng)畫片摸索出游歷這個(gè)世界的方式。當(dāng)歐文（薩斯坎德和他妻子科妮莉亞的第二個(gè)兒子）誕生時(shí)，他看上去“很正常”——直到他三歲那年，用薩斯坎德的話來(lái)說(shuō)就是“他突然消失了”。他的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能衰退了。他失去了此前已習(xí)得的語(yǔ)言能力?！八辉\斷出患有自閉癥，”薩斯坎德說(shuō)道，“就像有人把我的兒子給擄走了?！?/p>

有一天，歐文來(lái)到父母跟前，說(shuō)著一些他們好不容易才聽懂的話，原來(lái)他說(shuō)的是“只要你的聲音”。這是一句來(lái)自動(dòng)畫片《小美人魚》的臺(tái)詞，片中女主角被告知她必須犧牲某樣?xùn)|西?！爸灰愕穆曇簟薄槐橛忠槐椋钸吨@句話。有位醫(yī)生告訴薩斯坎德夫婦，這可能只是模仿言語(yǔ)癥——換言之，純粹重復(fù)模仿而已?！耙部赡苁潜砻魉撵`魂還在那里，” 薩斯坎德說(shuō)。

羅恩·薩斯坎德（歐文的父親）：于是我上到他的房間。我看到歐文在床上翻看一本迪士尼的書。然后我看到……差不多就在我左邊，我看到一個(gè)鸚鵡艾格的布偶。我抓起布偶，把它套在手上。然后我盡可能安靜地在地毯上匍匐前進(jìn)。接著歐文轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，好像無(wú)意中遇到了老朋友似的。（模仿艾格的聲音）我對(duì)他說(shuō)：“歐文，歐文。你感覺(jué)怎么樣呀？”

歐文：然后我說(shuō)：“不太好，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有朋友?！?/p>

羅恩：你知道嗎，當(dāng)時(shí)我正趴在床罩下面，咬緊牙關(guān)趴在那兒。（模仿艾格的聲音）接著我說(shuō)：“好的，好的。歐文，我們是什么時(shí)候成了好朋友的？”

然后他說(shuō)：“在我看《阿拉丁》的時(shí)候，你逗我笑了?！?/p>

我們繼續(xù)聊著——?dú)W文和艾格——聊了足足有一分鐘……一分半鐘！這可是我們之間的第一次對(duì)話！

沒(méi)人知道如果沒(méi)有迪士尼動(dòng)畫片，歐文能否——或者要到什么時(shí)候才可以找回他自己的聲音，沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事無(wú)法知曉。但當(dāng)我看到歐文背著手踱步，看到他在學(xué)習(xí)如何獲得社交信息時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的焦慮和自我意識(shí)，我想，或許他對(duì)動(dòng)畫片里的角色有認(rèn)同感這事對(duì)他會(huì)有幫助?；蛟S這是自閉癥患者學(xué)習(xí)同感能力的一種方式。

如今，歐文已經(jīng)23歲了，正準(zhǔn)備從美國(guó)科德角半島的一所特殊教育學(xué)校畢業(yè)。他將會(huì)搬入配有輔助生活設(shè)施的、屬于他自己的公寓生活。他有一位女朋友，他還在看迪士尼動(dòng)畫片。他甚至在打理一個(gè)迪士尼動(dòng)畫俱樂(lè)部，他說(shuō)，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)讓他受到其他同學(xué)的歡迎。

◆ assisted-living facility 輔助生活機(jī)構(gòu)：輔助生活機(jī)構(gòu)源于北歐的養(yǎng)老模式，20世紀(jì)90年代起在歐美逐漸流行。它是在適宜環(huán)境中向生活需要幫助的老人和殘疾人群長(zhǎng)期提供必要性服務(wù)的綜合體。輔助生活服務(wù)包括：24小時(shí)保護(hù)性監(jiān)控、食物、住房，以及組織與配合提高個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的各種服務(wù)。輔助生活機(jī)構(gòu)并不能取代護(hù)理院，卻是護(hù)理院的補(bǔ)充。它在一個(gè)爭(zhēng)取最大限度滿足個(gè)人獨(dú)立、隱私和選擇的環(huán)境中把住所、生活服務(wù)和簡(jiǎn)單的醫(yī)療護(hù)理結(jié)合起來(lái)。