謝虹,黃海偉,馬新,趙芳,張建亞(.張家港市第一人民醫(yī)院婦科,江蘇張家港44;.張家港市中醫(yī)院婦科,江蘇張家港5600)
醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑治療術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)卵巢內(nèi)膜囊腫的臨床觀察
謝虹1*,黃海偉1,馬新1,趙芳1,張建亞2(1.張家港市第一人民醫(yī)院婦科,江蘇張家港214421;2.張家港市中醫(yī)院婦科,江蘇張家港215600)
目的:探討醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑(AGRI)治療腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)卵巢內(nèi)膜囊腫(OEC)的療效及安全性。方法:選取張家港市第一人民醫(yī)院2013年1月-2015年1月行腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的OEC患者60例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各30例。兩組患者均口服米非司酮片25 mg,qd。對(duì)照組患者口服孕三烯酮膠囊2.5 mg,2次/周;觀察組患者給予AGRI 3.6 mg,皮下注射,1次/月,兩組患者均持續(xù)治療6個(gè)月。觀察兩組患者臨床療效,治療前及治療3、6個(gè)月血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黃體生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平和痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)分,觀察兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況及隨訪12個(gè)月的預(yù)后情況。結(jié)果:觀察組患者臨床總有效率為86.67%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的70.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療3個(gè)月,兩組患者FSH、LH水平較治療前顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但E2水平無(wú)變化,且FSH、LH組間比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療6個(gè)月,兩組患者FSH、LH、E2水平均顯著降低,且觀察組顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療3、6個(gè)月,兩組患者痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分均顯著降低,且觀察組顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率40.00%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的16.70%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者復(fù)發(fā)率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但觀察組患者月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常率為86.67%、優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡形成率為60.00%、妊娠率為53.33%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的46.67%、46.67%、33.33%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:AGRI治療腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)OEC療效顯著,可有效緩解患者痛經(jīng)和慢性盆腔痛,提高妊娠率;停藥后仍有復(fù)發(fā)病例,且不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率較高,但癥狀輕微。
卵巢內(nèi)膜囊腫;醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑;腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除;孕三烯酮;復(fù)發(fā)
卵巢內(nèi)膜囊腫(OEC)是子宮內(nèi)膜異位生長(zhǎng)在卵巢的囊腫。異位的內(nèi)膜因反復(fù)出血而易形成單個(gè)或多個(gè)囊腫,破壞卵巢組織,是造成育齡期婦女不孕的重要因素[1]。腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)是OEC的常用治療術(shù)式,但因OEC的病理特點(diǎn),術(shù)后極易復(fù)發(fā)。部分復(fù)發(fā)患者因有生育需要,不愿繼續(xù)實(shí)施手術(shù)治療,更愿意接受藥物保守治療。醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑(AGRI)是一種合成的促黃體生成素釋放激素類(lèi)似物。有研究顯示,對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥術(shù)后患者給予AGRI治療,可有效預(yù)防其復(fù)發(fā)[2]。但臨床對(duì)于AGRI治療術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的OEC的有效性鮮有報(bào)道。因此,本研究對(duì)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的OEC患者給予AGRI治療,探討其治療效果,以期為臨床提供參考。
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合《子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥的研究與臨床指南》[3]中相關(guān)OEC復(fù)發(fā)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者;(2)有嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)表現(xiàn),經(jīng)期需臥床1~3 d;(3)復(fù)發(fā)OEC囊腫直徑≤5 cm;(4)距手術(shù)治療已超過(guò)3個(gè)月;(5)有生育要求,不愿再實(shí)施手術(shù)治療。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)排除其他原因引起的卵巢囊腫者;(2)伴有嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎、血液系統(tǒng)疾病或惡性腫瘤者;(3)合并子宮肌瘤、子宮腺肌病、黃體血腫、卵巢囊腫出血者;(4)對(duì)本研究所使用藥物過(guò)敏者。
1.2 研究對(duì)象
選取2013年1月-2015年1月張家港市第一人民醫(yī)院行腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的OEC患者60例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各30例。其中,對(duì)照組患者年齡25~39歲,平均年齡(30.13±4.03)歲;復(fù)發(fā)囊腫直徑2.5~5 cm,平均直徑(3.92± 1.04)cm;分期:Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期17例,Ⅲ期5例。觀察組患者年齡24~38歲,平均年齡(31.41±3.89)歲;復(fù)發(fā)囊腫直徑2.8~5 cm,平均直徑(4.06±1.14)cm;分期:Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期6例。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.3 治療方法
兩組患者均口服米非司酮片(華潤(rùn)紫竹藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)批號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H10950003,規(guī)格:25 mg)25 mg,qd。對(duì)照組患者于月經(jīng)第1天開(kāi)始給予孕三烯酮膠囊(華潤(rùn)紫竹藥業(yè)有限公司生產(chǎn),批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H19980020,規(guī)格:2.5 mg)2.5 mg,2次/周。觀察組患者給予醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑[AstraZeneca UK Limited,注冊(cè)證號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字J20100126,規(guī)格:3.6 mg/支(以戈舍瑞林計(jì))]3.6 mg,皮下注射,每月1次。兩組患者均治療6個(gè)月,停藥后隨訪12個(gè)月。
1.4 療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與觀察指標(biāo)
(1)觀察兩組患者療程結(jié)束后的臨床療效。療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]——顯效:痛經(jīng)、盆腔痛、性交痛等完全消失,B超示囊腫消失,月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常,或不孕者受孕;有效:痛經(jīng)、盆腔痛、性交痛有所減輕,B超示囊腫縮小,月經(jīng)基本恢復(fù)正常,或不孕者有排卵;無(wú)效:疼痛無(wú)緩解或加重,B超示囊腫無(wú)變化或增大,月經(jīng)紊亂。總有效=顯效+有效。(2)觀察兩組患者治療前及治療3、6個(gè)月血清性激素[促卵泡激素(FSH)、黃體生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)]水平,同時(shí)采用視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)[3]評(píng)價(jià)痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛情況。(3)觀察兩組患者預(yù)后情況:月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常、優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡形成、妊娠及復(fù)發(fā)。(4)觀察兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2.1 兩組患者臨床療效比較
對(duì)照組患者顯效8例,有效13例,無(wú)效9例,總有效率為70.00%。觀察組患者顯效12例,有效14例,無(wú)效4例,總有效率為86.67%。觀察組患者總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.45,P<0.05)。
2.2 兩組患者治療前后血清性激素水平比較
兩組患者治療前血清FSH、LH、E2水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療3個(gè)月,兩組患者FSH、LH水平顯著低于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但E2水平無(wú)變化,且FSH、LH組間比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療6個(gè)月,兩組患者FSH、LH、E2均較治療前進(jìn)一步改善,且觀察組顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組治療前后血清性激素水平比較(±s)Tab 1 Comparison of serum sex hormone levels between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s)
表1 兩組治療前后血清性激素水平比較(±s)Tab 1 Comparison of serum sex hormone levels between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,#P<0.05Note:vs.before treatment,*P<0.05;vs.control group,#P<0.05
E2,pmol/L 64.83±8.12 63.35±8.40 55.71±6.18*64.63±8.17 62.89±7.95 45.27±6.73*#組別對(duì)照組n 30觀察組30時(shí)期治療前治療3個(gè)月治療6個(gè)月治療前治療3個(gè)月治療6個(gè)月FSH,mIU/L 31.82±2.78 27.97±2.53*24.23±2.15*33.48±3.50 28.43±3.19*20.86±2.44*#LH,mIU/L 33.44±3.52 28.93±2.53*27.82±1.97*34.42±3.82 29.03±2.44*21.43±2.01*#
2.3 兩組患者治療前后痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分比較
兩組患者治療前痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療3、6個(gè)月,兩組患者痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分均較治療前顯著降低,且觀察組顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組患者治療前后痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分比較(±s,分)Tab 2 Comparison of VAS scores of dysmenorrheal and chronic pelvic pain between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s,score)
表2 兩組患者治療前后痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分比較(±s,分)Tab 2 Comparison of VAS scores of dysmenorrheal and chronic pelvic pain between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s,score)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,#P<0.05Note:vs.before treatment,*P<0.05;vs.control group,#P<0.05
慢性盆腔痛6.35±1.45 4.63±1.05*3.60±0.88*6.50±1.27 4.13±0.46*#3.04±0.51*#組別對(duì)照組n 30觀察組30時(shí)期治療前治療3個(gè)月治療6個(gè)月治療前治療3個(gè)月治療6個(gè)月痛經(jīng)6.53±1.23 4.55±1.07*3.35±0.87*6.53±1.23 3.97±0.87*#2.74±0.56*#
2.4 兩組患者預(yù)后情況比較
停藥后隨訪12個(gè)月,兩組患者復(fù)發(fā)率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常率、優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡形成率及妊娠率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表3。
表3 兩組患者預(yù)后情況比較[例(%%)]Tab 3 Comparison of prognosis between 2 groups [case(%%)]
2.5 不良反應(yīng)
對(duì)照組患者出現(xiàn)3例體質(zhì)量增加,2例水腫,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為16.67%(5/30)。觀察組患者出現(xiàn)3例盜汗潮紅,2例耳鳴,1例關(guān)節(jié)疼痛,2例頭暈,2例有低雌激素癥狀(給予妊馬雌酮反向添加治療后好轉(zhuǎn)),2例骨密度下降(補(bǔ)充鈣劑后好轉(zhuǎn)),不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為40.00%(12/ 30)。觀察組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.02,P<0.05)。
據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),OEC治療后1年復(fù)發(fā)率為10%~20%,5年復(fù)發(fā)率為20%~40%[5]。OEC復(fù)發(fā)后再次治療的難度較大,需綜合考慮復(fù)發(fā)的病理類(lèi)型、囊腫大小及治療計(jì)劃。但多數(shù)育齡期患者擔(dān)心再次手術(shù)會(huì)影響生育,復(fù)發(fā)后更愿意接受藥物保守治療。
AGRI通過(guò)抑制FSH、LH、E2等促性腺激素的分泌,使雌激素處于較低狀態(tài),促使異位病灶萎縮、退化,可暫時(shí)性使患者閉經(jīng),緩解痛經(jīng)及盆腔痛,在停藥后可促使排卵,月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常,提高妊娠率。Dimitrijevic D等[6]研究報(bào)道,對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥患者給予AGRI皮下注射第3次后,患者痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛、性交痛基本緩解,在注射第4次后60%的患者月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常,注射第6次時(shí)85%的患者月經(jīng)恢復(fù)正常。郝敏等[7]研究報(bào)道,對(duì)于有生育要求的子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥復(fù)發(fā)患者,給予AGRI治療4次后,可控制促黃體生成素峰值出現(xiàn),復(fù)發(fā)患者1年妊娠率達(dá)48.00%;注射6次的患者1年妊娠率達(dá)64.53%。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者治療6個(gè)月FSH、LH、E2水平均控制良好,痛經(jīng)與慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分較治療前顯著下降,總有效率為86.67%,隨訪期內(nèi)妊娠率達(dá)53.33%,證實(shí)AGRI治療復(fù)發(fā)OEC療效顯著。
孕三烯酮對(duì)異位病灶的作用機(jī)制與AGRI相似,也是通過(guò)抑制雌激素活性而促使病灶細(xì)胞失活、退化[8-9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組治療3個(gè)月FSH、LH、E2比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療6個(gè)月觀察組患者FSH、LH、E2顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示在治療早期,AGRI與孕三烯酮對(duì)性激素的影響并無(wú)顯著差異;但治療6個(gè)月后,AGRI的抗雌激素作用顯著優(yōu)于孕三烯酮。隨著激素水平的好轉(zhuǎn),治療3、6個(gè)月觀察組患者的痛經(jīng)、慢性盆腔痛VAS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組。然而值得注意的是,無(wú)論是孕三烯酮還是AGRI,兩種藥物治療后仍存在一定數(shù)量的復(fù)發(fā)患者,對(duì)于再次復(fù)發(fā)的患者,需實(shí)施進(jìn)一步治療。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率高于對(duì)照組,但不良反應(yīng)均較輕微,在啟動(dòng)反向添加治療后,觀察組不良反應(yīng)基本緩解。長(zhǎng)期使用AGRI所引發(fā)的不良反應(yīng)又該如何解決呢?陳勇霞等[10]研究認(rèn)為,在給予促性腺激素釋放激動(dòng)藥治療6周后啟動(dòng)反向添加治療,可減少不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率,且不影響治療效果。
綜上所述,AGRI治療腹腔鏡卵巢囊腫摘除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)OEC療效顯著,可有效緩解患者痛經(jīng)和慢性盆腔痛,提高妊娠率;停藥后仍有復(fù)發(fā)病例,且不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率較高,但癥狀輕微。本研究不足之處在于樣本較小,結(jié)果可能存在一定的偏倚,后續(xù)研究有待擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步探討。
[1]趙博.國(guó)產(chǎn)和進(jìn)口GnRH-a對(duì)卵巢內(nèi)異癥囊腫患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)及痛經(jīng)的影響[J].中國(guó)民康醫(yī)學(xué),2015,27(6):51-52.
[2]張偉明,文曉柯,吳雅麗.子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療后使用戈舍瑞林與米非司酮的臨床效果[J].醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究,2011,28(7):1387-1388.
[3]宋作林.子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥的研究與臨床指南[M].成都:四川出版集團(tuán),2005:81-101.
[4]陳華,金松,盧齋,等.米非司酮與戈舍瑞林用于術(shù)后子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥臨床療效及對(duì)VEGF的影響[J].現(xiàn)代預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué),2012,39(12):2958-2959.
[5]劉戀,于永斌,萬(wàn)金華,等.卵巢內(nèi)異癥囊腫病灶的解剖特征及其與疼痛癥狀的相關(guān)性研究[J].局解手術(shù)學(xué)雜志,2014,23(11):537-539.
[6]Dimitrijevic D,Vasiljevic M,Anicic R,et al.Recurrence rate of ovarian endometriosis in patients treated with laparoscopic surgery and postoperative suppressive therapy[J]. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol,2015,42(3):339-343.
[7]郝敏,王偉,王文靜.有生育要求子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥和子宮腺肌病復(fù)發(fā)患者的處理[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志,2013,29(7):538-541.
[8]陳燕娥.腹腔鏡術(shù)后聯(lián)合戈舍瑞林治療巧克力囊腫的療效分析[J].中國(guó)婦幼保健,2016,31(3):636-638.
[9]Nirgianakis K,Bersinger NA,McKinnon B,et al.Regression of the inflammatory microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity in women with endometriosis by GnRHa treatment[J].Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2013,170(2):550-554.
[10]陳勇霞,何風(fēng)儀,劉穎.不同時(shí)機(jī)啟動(dòng)反向添加療法對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥術(shù)后促性腺激素釋放激素類(lèi)似物治療的影響[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué),2013,34(7):1107-1109.
(編輯:黃歡)
Clinical Observation of Acetic Acid Goserelin Sustained-release Implants in the Treatment of Ovary Endometrium Cyst Recurrence after Surgery
XIE Hong1,HUANG Haiwei1,MA Xin1,ZHAO Fang1,ZHANG Jianya2(1.Dept.of Gynaecology,Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital,Jiangsu Zhangjiagang 214421,China;2.Dept.of Gynaecology,Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital,Jiangsu Zhangjiagang 215600,China)
OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy and safety of Acetic acid goserelin sustained-release implants(AGRI)in the treatment of ovary endometrium cyst(OEC)recurrence after laparoscopic enuleation of ovarian cyst.METHODS:Totally of 60 patients with OEC recurrence after laparoscopic enuleation of ovarian cyst in Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital during Jan.2013-Jan.2015 were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,with 30 cases in each group.Both groups were given Mifepristone tablets orally 25 mg,qd.Control group was given Gestrinone capsules orally 2.5 mg,twice a week.Observation group was given AGRI subcutaneously 3.6 mg,once a month.Both groups were treated for consecutive 6 months.Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed as well as the levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH)and estradiol(E2),VAS scores of dysmenorrheal and chronic pelvic pain before treatment,3,6 months after treatment.The occurrence of ADR and the prognosis of 12-month follow-up were observed in 2 groups.RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group was 86.67%,which was significantly higher than 70.00%of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).After 3 months of treatment,the levels of FSH and LH in 2 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the level of E2had no change;there was no statistical significance in the levels of FSH and LH between 2 groups(P>0.05);after 6 months of treatment,the levels of FSH,LH and E2in 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).After 3 and 6 months of treatment,VAS score of dysmenorrheal and chronic pelvic pain in 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The incidence of ADR in observation group was 40.00%,which was significantly higher than 16.70%of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in recurrence rate between 2 groups(P>0.05).The recovery rate of menstruation in observation group was 86.67%,the rate of dominant follicle formation was 60.00%and pregnancy rate was 53.33%,which were significantly higher than 46.67%,46.67%and 33.33%of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:AGRI shows significant therapeutic efficacy for OEC recurrence after laparoscopic enuleation of ovarian cyst,can effectively relieve dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain,increase the rate of pregnancy.There is still recurrent cases after drug withdrawal.The incidence of ADR is high,but the symptoms are mild.
Ovary endometrium cyst;Acetic acid goserelin sustained-release implants;Laparoscopic enucleation of evarian cyst;Gestrinone;Recurrence
R713.4
A文章編號(hào)1001-0408(2017)14-1968-04
2016-07-12
2016-10-15)
*主任醫(yī)師,副教授。研究方向:婦科腫瘤、微創(chuàng)。電話:0512-56919999。E-mail:20436631@qq.com
DOI10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2017.14.27