王磊 董紅 孔繼昌
[摘要] 目的 探討膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(KOA)患者血清、關(guān)節(jié)液中基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平變化情況。 方法 選擇2014年5月~2016年5月承德市中醫(yī)院診治的84例KOA患者及80例同期健康體檢者(對照組),依據(jù)膝關(guān)節(jié)X線的Kellgren & Lawrence(K-L)分級,分為KOA 1~2級(n = 45)與KOA3~4級(n = 39)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定法檢測其血清、關(guān)節(jié)液中TNF-α、MMP-13的含量。結(jié)果 KOA患者中,KOA3~4級患者較KOA1~2級的WOMAC評分增高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。KOA3~4級患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α、MMP-13水平較對照組、KOA1~2級患者均升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);KOA1~2級患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平較對照組升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。KOA患者的關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平較血清水平升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而TNF-α水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示:KOA1~2級及KOA3~4級患者,血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α水平與WOMAC評分無關(guān)(P > 0.05),而血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平與WOMAC評分均呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.599、0.641,P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 KOA血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α、MMP-13水平增高,且血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平與WOMAC評分呈正相關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;腫瘤壞死因子-α;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-13;細胞因子
[中圖分類號] R684.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)05(c)-0098-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the changes of matrix metalloproteinases 13 (MMP-13), TNF-α in serums and synovial fluids of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods From May 2014 to May 2016, in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals of Chengde, 84 patients with KOA and 80 healthy persons (control group) were selected, according to Kellgren & Lawrence (K-L) grading, they were divided into KOA 1~2 (n = 45) and KOA 3~4 (n = 39). the levels of TNF-α, MMP-13 in the serums and synovial fluids were measures by ELISA. Results The WOMAC score of KOA 3~4 patients was higher than KOA1~2 patients, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the levels of TNF-α, MMP-13 in serum and synovial fluid of KOA 3~4 patients were higher than KOA 1~2 patients, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). the level of MMP-13 in serum and synovial fluid of KOA 1~2 patients were higher than control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the TNF-α levels (P > 0.05). The level of MMP-13 in serum of KOA patients was higher than synovial fluid, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in TNF-α levels (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the serum and synovial fluid levels of MMP-13 in KOA patients were positively correlated with WOMAC score (r = 0.599, 0.641, P < 0.05), but the serum and synovial fluid levels of TNF-α in KOA patients were no correlated with WOMAC score (P > 0.05). Conclusion The serum and synovial fluids levels of TNF-α and MMP-13 elevate in KOA patients, and then MMP-13 levels show correlation with WOMAC scores.
[Key words] Knee osteoarthritis; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Matrix metalloproteinases-13; Cytokines
膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是一種關(guān)節(jié)軟骨下骨、滑膜以及關(guān)節(jié)周邊局部致密骨島損傷的關(guān)節(jié)疾病[1-2]。外力致關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性降低及異常脛股運動造成關(guān)節(jié)軟骨負荷增大,引發(fā)關(guān)節(jié)組織產(chǎn)生局部或者系統(tǒng)性炎性反應(yīng),最終導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)軟骨退性病變[3]。研究表明炎性因子如白介素-1(IL-1)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)水平異常變化在KOA進程中起著重要作用[4-5]。TNF-α是由M1型巨噬細胞分泌的,對IL-1和細菌毒素積極響應(yīng)的細胞因子[6]。而MMPs是由巨噬細胞、成纖維細胞及軟骨細胞通過白細胞介素-1β(IL-1β)與TNF-α的刺激效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的。隨著關(guān)節(jié)軟骨機械應(yīng)力的增加,TNF-α、IL-1β、干擾素-γ(IFN-γ)激活MMPs,引發(fā)炎癥[7-10]。目前鮮有報道膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13、TNF-α水平變化及其與西安大略和麥克馬斯特大學(xué)關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index,WOMAC)相關(guān)性的研究,為此,本研究將對其展開研究?,F(xiàn)報道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2014年5月~2016年5月承德市中醫(yī)院診治的84例KOA患者及80例同期健康體檢者。KOA的診斷標準符合2010年美國風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(ACR)/歐洲抗風(fēng)濕聯(lián)盟(EULAR)制定的KOA診斷標準[11]。所有KOA患者依據(jù)膝關(guān)節(jié)X線的Kellgren & Lawrence(K-L)分級[12]。其中,KOA 1~2級患者45例:男24例,女21例,平均年齡為(51.14±11.65)歲;KOA3~4級患者39例:男21例,女18例,平均年齡為(52.37±13.56)歲。80例健康體檢者(對照組)中,男42例,女38例,平均年齡為(52.16±12.17)歲。排除近期曾接受口服或者關(guān)節(jié)注射藥物治療者;罹患自身免疫性疾病、代謝綜合征等合并有其他系統(tǒng)嚴重疾病患者;惡性腫瘤患者。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準,所有受試者和/或家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2方法
1.2.1 實驗用主要儀器、試劑 RT-2100C型酶標儀(Rayto公司);洗板機(Rayto公司);純水儀(Millipore公司);X-15R型臺式高速離心機(美國貝克曼特公司);人基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-13 ELISA試劑盒(美國Abeam公司);TNF-αELISA試劑盒(中國Cusabio公司)。
1.2.2 標本的收集 清晨空腹抽取受試對象肘部靜脈血液5 mL,離心(3000 r/min)15 min,吸取上清,-20℃保存?zhèn)溆?。同時,所有受試對象實施關(guān)節(jié)穿刺采集關(guān)節(jié)液2 mL,離心(3000 r/min)15 min,吸取上清,-20℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2.3 ELISA檢測血清、關(guān)節(jié)液中MMP-13、TNF-α水平 所有實驗均嚴格按照ELISA試劑盒說明書進行操作。分別將己知濃度的標準品、未知濃度的樣品加入事先包被有直接抗特異抗原的單克隆抗體的微孔酶標板,隨后加入含有辣根過氧化物酶的抗體的酶聯(lián)物后一起孵育。加入底物A、B,再次避光孵育,加入終止液,使用酶標分析儀在450 nm波長處測OD值,繪制標準曲線。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用統(tǒng)計軟件SPSS 17.0對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,正態(tài)分布的計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;多組間比較采用方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗或Mann-Whitney檢驗。計數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗。Pearson積差相關(guān)用于相關(guān)性分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般臨床資料
KOA患者,KOA3~4級患者較KOA1~2級患者的WOMAC評分增高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。KOA3~4級患者較KOA1~2級患者與對照組比較,性別、年齡及BMI指數(shù)差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 各組血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α、MMP-13水平變化情況
KOA 3~4級患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α、MMP-13水平較對照組、KOA1~2級患者均升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);KOA1~2級患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平較對照組升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。KOA患者的關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平較血清水平升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而TNF-α水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 KOA患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α、MMP-13水平與WOMAC評分的相關(guān)性
相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示: KOA1~2級及KOA3~4級患者的血清TNF-α水平與WOMAC評分不相關(guān)(P > 0.05),而關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平與WOMAC評分呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.599、0.641,P < 0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
研究已證實,KOA病程中發(fā)生的骨關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化是由于外界機械因素和生化途徑共同引起的[13]。近期,來源于滑膜和關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的幾個特殊的介質(zhì)如MMP-13、IL-1β和TNF-α等已經(jīng)被證實參與OA的發(fā)病進程[14]。本研究顯示,隨著疾病進程,KOA組血清、關(guān)節(jié)液的TNF-α、MMP-13水平均較對照組增高,且關(guān)節(jié)液水平較血清均增高,但只有MMP-13水平差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,這可能是由于TNF-α單獨刺激軟骨細胞分泌MMP-13是不夠的,可能需要多種細胞因子如IL-1和IFN-γ協(xié)同刺激才能促進MMP-13的產(chǎn)生[15]。同時,提示這些滑膜軟骨細胞衍生的細胞因子水平在疾病的不同階段有所不同,且局部及系統(tǒng)性炎癥同時參與KOA疾病進程。一項對10例早期和15例晚期KOA患者進行的一項研究顯示,疾病的早期和晚期表現(xiàn)出不同程度的炎癥水平[16]。特別是在晚期階段,由于CD4+ T細胞的浸潤,使得促炎細胞因子如TNF-α和IL-1β高度表達。同樣地,動物實驗也揭示膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎模型中血清及關(guān)節(jié)液TNF-α與MMP-13水平增高[17]。研究顯示,在動物晚期OA模型中,MMPs在炎癥進程、關(guān)節(jié)損傷中具有重要作用[18]。若針對關(guān)節(jié)的抗炎細胞因子治療可能對于KOA早期具有效果,同時適當?shù)卦黾涌瓜到y(tǒng)性炎癥藥物用于晚期OA疾病的治療,效果更佳。Rutgers等[19]認為,采用向關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)注射抗炎細胞因子成分制劑抑制TNF-α,有利于軟骨細胞的代謝。
本研究表明,隨著KOA疾病進程,WOMAC評分越高,且KOA疾病進程越深,KOA患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平與WOMAC評分具有中等程度的正相關(guān)(P < 0.05)。這可能與MMP-13作為一個通過分泌軟骨細胞TNF-α刺激巨噬細胞和T細胞產(chǎn)生的,主要的肽鏈內(nèi)切酶參與OA進程的生化機制相關(guān)[20]。這提示晚期KOA進程中存在持續(xù)的局部及系統(tǒng)性炎癥。而TNF-α水平雖然在晚期KOA患者的血清、關(guān)節(jié)液中有所增高,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),且與WOMAC評分不具有相關(guān)性(P > 0.05),提示這些前炎性細胞因子在KOA早期階段水平上升,可能與本研究所選樣本量偏少有關(guān)。
綜上所述,隨著KOA疾病進程,關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13與血清TNF-α水平增加。不同于TNF-α,血清、關(guān)節(jié)液MMP-13水平與WOMAC評分呈現(xiàn)中等程度正相關(guān)(P < 0.05)。局限于樣本量來源,下一步將擴大樣本量深入研究其他前炎性細胞因子與MMPs介質(zhì)對KOA疾病進程的影響,為KOA的診斷及治療提供基礎(chǔ)。
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(收稿日期:2017-01-27 本文編輯:蘇 暢)