王玲燕 曲郁虹 李彥程 武玉卓 李瑞 郭慶蘭 王素娟 王亞男 楊永春 林生
[摘要]通過MCI樹脂、Sephadex LH20和反相HPLC等多種色譜分離方法相結(jié)合,從山雞椒乙醇提取物中的水溶性部位中分離得到25個芳香苷和3個紫羅蘭苷類成分,經(jīng)MS和NMR等波譜技術(shù)分別鑒定為(7S,8R)去氫二松柏醇4,9′二OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),(7S,8R)5甲氧基二氫去氫二愈創(chuàng)木基醇4OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷 (2),(7S,8R)urolignoside (3),(7R,8S)二氫去氫二愈創(chuàng)木基醇4′OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷 (4),(7S,8R)二氫去氫二愈創(chuàng)木基醇9OβD吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(saposide B) (5),lanicepside A (6),羅漢脂素4OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷 (7),4O甲基羅漢脂素4′OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(tyraxjaponoside B)(8),(+)南燭木樹脂酚9′OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),(-)(2R)1OβD吡喃葡萄糖基2{2,6二甲氧基4[1(E)丙烯3醇]苯氧基}丙烷3醇(alaschanisoside A) (10),紫丁香苷(syringin) (11),psoralenoside (12),isopsoralenoside (13),東莨菪苷(scopolin) (14),2,6二甲氧基4羥基苯酚1OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷 (15),3羥基4,5二甲氧基苯酚βD吡喃葡萄糖苷 (16),2(3,4二羥基苯基)乙基βD吡喃葡萄糖苷(17),2(4羥基苯基)乙基βD吡喃葡萄糖苷(18),(+)兒茶素7OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(19),3′甲氧基表兒茶素7OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(20),山奈酚3,7αL二鼠李糖苷(kaempferitrin)(21),槲皮素3OαL鼠李糖苷 (22),山奈酚3OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(23),山奈酚3OβD吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)βD吡喃半乳糖苷7OαL鼠李糖苷(24),槲皮素3OαL鼠李糖基(1→6)OβD吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)OαL鼠李糖基(1→2)OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷 (25),staphylionoside D (26),吐葉醇9OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(27),二氫吐葉醇OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(28),其中化合物1~21,24~28均為首次從該屬植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]木姜子屬; 山雞椒; 水溶性成分; 芳香苷; 倍半萜苷
[Abstract]Twenty five known aromatic glycosides (125) and three known sesquiterpene glycosides (2628) have been isolated from the twigs of Litsea cubeba by using various chromatographic techniques Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) as (7S,8R)dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4,9′diOβDglucopyranoside(1),(7S,8R)5methoxydihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4OβDglucopyranoside(2), (7S,8R)urolignoside(3), (7R,8S)dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4OβDglucopyranoside(4), saposide B(5), lanicepside A(6), matairesinol4OβDglucopyranoside (7), tyraxjaponoside B(8), (+)lyoniresinol9′OβDglucopyranoside (9), alaschanisoside A (10), syringin (11), psoralenoside (12), isopsoralenoside (13), scopolin(14), 2,6dimethoxy4hydroxyphenol1OβDglucopyranoside (15), 3hydroxy4,5dimethoxyphenylβDglucopyranoside (16), 2(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)ethylβDglucopyrnoside (17), 2(4dihydroxyphenyl)ethylβDglucopyranoside (18), (+)catechin7OβDglucopyranoside (19), 3′Omethylepicatechin7OβDglucopyranoside (20), kaempferitrin (21), quercetin3OαLrhamnopyranside (22), kaempferol3OβDglucopyranoside (23), kaempferol 3OβDglucopyranosyl(1→2)OβDgalactopyr anoside7OαLrhamnopyranoside (24), quercetin 3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→6)OβDglucopyranosyl(1→3)OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)OβDglucopyranoside (25), staphylionoside D(26), vomifoliol 9OβDglucopyranoside (27), dihydrovomifoliolOβDglucopyranoside (28) Compounds 121 and 2428 were obtained from this genus for the first time
[Key words]Litsea; Litsea cubeba; water soluble constituents; aromatic glycosides; sesquiterpene glycosides
樟科Lauraceae木姜子屬Litsea植物全世界約有200余種,在我國約有72種18變種和3變型,是我國樟科中種類較多,分布較廣的屬之一[1]。本屬植物入藥的達(dá)17種,如楊葉木姜子Lpopulifoliu民間用于胃寒腹痛、食滯飽脹的治療;木姜子Lpungens和宜昌木姜子Lichangensis均用于風(fēng)寒濕痛、跌打腫痛和食積氣滯的治療,外用于瘡毒腫痛;豺皮樟Lrotundifolia對風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、腰腿疼、痛經(jīng)和消化不良有療效[2]。
山雞椒Lcubeba性溫,味辛、微苦。干燥成熟果實和根入藥,分別稱為蓽澄茄和豆豉姜,均收載于2015年版《中國藥典》 [3]。其中蓽澄茄具有溫中散寒、行氣止痛的功效,臨床上用于胃寒嘔逆,脘腹冷痛,寒疝腹痛,寒濕郁滯和小便渾濁;豆豉姜具有祛風(fēng)除濕,理氣止痛之功效,主治感冒、心胃冷痛、腹痛吐瀉、腳氣、孕婦水腫、風(fēng)濕痹痛、跌打損傷及腦血栓形成等[45]。前人已對蓽澄茄和豆豉姜的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,主要為生物堿,尤其是阿樸啡類生物堿,和少量的黃酮、木脂素、脂肪酸、甾體等[4,68],但對山雞椒枝化學(xué)成分的研究卻未見任何報道。為了擴大山雞椒藥用資源的綜合利用,進(jìn)一步尋找山雞椒的活性成分,本課題對山雞椒樹枝乙醇提取物的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了研究,從其水溶性部位中分離得到了25個已知芳香苷和3個已知倍半萜苷類成分,其中化合物1~21,24~28為首次從該屬植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)。
1材料
Micromass Auto spcUltima ETOF質(zhì)譜儀(美國Micromass公司),四極桿離子阱串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀(Agilent公司),Nicolet Impact 400 FTIR紅外光譜儀(溴化鉀壓片),PerkinElmer 343旋光儀;JASCO J810園二色譜儀;Inova500或600M核磁共振光譜儀 (美國Varian公司),Sq 16x(ISCO),combi Flash,Rp C18(40~60 μm Micron Silicag Gel)組合閃式色譜儀(Isco公司),Agilent HP1100型高效液相色譜儀,Rp C18 (5 μm,半制備型)(Agilent公司),羥丙基葡聚糖凝膠Sephadex LH20 (Amersham Biosciences),色譜用硅膠和硅膠預(yù)制板(青島海洋化工集團公司)。所用試劑若無特別說明均購自北京化工廠,級別為分析純或色譜純。
山雞椒樹枝于2013年8月采自云南大理昭通,經(jīng)云南大學(xué)李干鵬教授鑒定為山雞椒Lcubeba的枝。
2提取分離
山雞椒12 kg,陰干粉碎,用95%乙醇回流提取3次,每次3 h,提取液減壓濃縮得浸膏12 kg,加去離子水2 000 mL,乙酸乙酯萃取5次,每次2 000 mL,乙酸乙酯層合并,減壓回收至干,得乙酸乙酯部位300 g。水相部位直接上大孔樹脂,分別用水,30%,50%,90%乙醇水進(jìn)行梯度洗脫,減壓回收溶劑得相應(yīng)洗脫部位。30%乙醇部位(354 g)經(jīng)反相中壓柱色譜,甲醇水梯度洗脫(5%~95%),洗脫液經(jīng)薄層色譜檢測,合并相同組分,回收溶劑得到A~D組分。組分B經(jīng)Sephadex LH20 柱色譜,甲醇洗脫,洗脫液經(jīng)薄層色譜檢測,合并相同組分,回收溶劑得到B1~B5組分。組分B1經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜(二氯甲烷甲醇15∶1~1∶1梯度洗脫),洗脫液經(jīng)薄層色譜檢測,合并相同組分,回收溶劑得到B11~B19組分。組分B13經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(28%甲醇,01%醋酸)得化合物6(32 mg,tR=325 min);組分B15經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(30%甲醇,01% 醋酸)得化合物10(22 mg,tR=385 min);組分B17經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(32%甲醇水,01%醋酸)得到化合物11(31 mg,tR=246 min)。組分B3經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜(二氯甲烷甲醇15∶1~1∶1梯度洗脫),洗脫液經(jīng)薄層色譜檢測,合并相同組分,回收溶劑得到組分B31~B38;組分B32經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(33%甲醇,01%醋酸)得化合物14(22 mg,tR=183 min);組分B33經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(12%乙腈,05%醋酸)得化合物9(120 mg,tR=214 min);組分B35經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(17%乙腈,1%醋酸)得化合物12(12 mg,tR=217 min)和13(10 mg,tR=243 min);組分B36經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(10%乙腈,05%醋酸)得化合物24(15 mg,tR=145 min);組分B38經(jīng)反相半制備HPLC純化(7%乙腈,01% 醋酸)得化合物25(165 mg,tR=298 min)。B4組分經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,反相半制備HPLC純化(30%甲醇,01% 醋酸)得化合物1(20 mg,tR=462min)。C組分經(jīng)Sephadex LH20 柱色譜,甲醇洗脫,洗脫液經(jīng)薄層色譜檢測,合并相同組分,回收溶劑得到C1~C4組分,組分C3經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜和反相半制備HPLC純化(20%乙腈,05%醋酸)得化合物2(45 mg,tR=283 min),3(42 mg,tR=356 min)和5(24 mg,tR=322 min)。
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