吳宇佳+張冬明+曾建華+潘孝忠+雷菲+謝良商
摘要:研究連續(xù)施用土壤改良劑對水稻、四季豆產(chǎn)量及土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,在水稻-四季豆輪作過程中,施用土壤改良劑均能明顯增加水稻和四季豆的產(chǎn)量,并且能增加水稻子粒的千粒重。水稻季施用土壤改良劑,在四季豆季也有一定的增產(chǎn),表明適當(dāng)用量的土壤改良劑有明顯后效;連續(xù)施用土壤改良劑比單季施用的作物產(chǎn)量更高,土壤pH升高更快,土壤交換性鈣、交換性鎂得到更快提升。
關(guān)鍵詞:土壤改良劑;水稻-四季豆輪作;土壤理化性質(zhì)
中圖分類號:S156.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2017)14-2635-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.009
Abstract: The effects of soil amendment to yield of rice and kidney bean, physical and chemical properties of soil were studied in rice-kidney bean rotation system. The results showed that in the rice-kidney bean rotation, compared with the controls, the application of soil amendment had increased the yield of rice and kidney bean, and also increased the thousand grain weight of rice. Application of amendment in rice season, it also had a certain amount of yield in rice-kidney season showed that proper dosage of amendment had great after-effect; But compared with application of amendment both in rice and rice-kidney season, continuous application of amendment had a higher yield of crops. Compared with the controls, the application of amendments had increased the soil pH to varying degrees. The application of amendment both in rice and kidney bean could increase the soil pH, exchangeable calcium content and exchangeable magnesium content larger than the single season.
Key words: soil amendment; rice-kidney bean rotation; physical and chemical properties of the soil
海南省耕地土壤酸性強、有機質(zhì)含量低、化肥施用不合理且利用率低的問題嚴(yán)重制約了水稻和冬季瓜菜的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,修復(fù)改良土壤、提高肥料利用率、獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)高效農(nóng)產(chǎn)品迫在眉睫。本試驗是在水稻單季施用土壤改良劑的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)進(jìn)行水稻、四季豆連續(xù)施用土壤改良劑的研究。旨在分析土壤改良劑對水稻和四季豆連續(xù)施用土壤改良的效果和對作物產(chǎn)量的影響。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
試驗點設(shè)在屯昌縣楓木鎮(zhèn)楓木洋,供試土壤pH 5.06,有機質(zhì)15.2 g/kg,堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀、交換性鈣、交換性鎂分別為156.2、72.6、147.3、890.3、91.9 mg/kg。土壤改良劑品種為北京泰中興農(nóng)科技發(fā)展有限公司產(chǎn)品。
1.2 試驗設(shè)計及操作
供試作物為水稻和四季豆,均為當(dāng)?shù)仄贩N,試驗設(shè)水稻—四季豆季連續(xù)施用土壤改良劑和水稻季單季施用土壤改良劑兩種方案,水稻季設(shè)兩個處理,處理1,改良劑用量為30 kg/667 m2;處理2,改良劑用量為50 kg/667 m2。四季豆季改良劑施用量均為20 kg/667 m2。每個處理重復(fù)3次,隨機區(qū)組排列。試驗小區(qū)面積30 m2。全部處理用等量氮磷鉀,水稻施肥量:氮肥(N)10 kg/667 m2,磷肥(P2O5)5 kg/667 m2,鉀肥(K2O)10 kg/667 m2,其中,氮肥分3次施用,基肥∶蘗肥∶穗肥=2∶1∶1;鉀肥分2次施用,基肥∶穗肥=2∶1;土壤改良劑和磷肥在水稻移栽前作基肥一次性施入。四季豆施肥量:氮肥(N)17 kg/667 m2,磷肥(P2O5)9 kg/667 m2,鉀肥(K2O)18 kg/667 m2,其中,氮、鉀肥分4次施入,基肥∶苗期∶花期∶旺果期=1∶1∶1∶1;磷肥和土壤改良劑一次性基肥施用。氮、磷和鉀肥分別用尿素、過磷酸鈣和氯化鉀。試驗過程中除草、灌溉等按當(dāng)?shù)匾话戕r(nóng)田進(jìn)行管理。
1.3 取樣與測定
1.3.1 樣品的采集與制備 水稻季和四季豆季分別在成熟后取植株樣品和土壤樣品,植株樣品每個小區(qū)取5株(水稻5蔸),土壤樣品取耕層(0~20 cm)土壤。土壤樣品取回后自然風(fēng)干磨細(xì)過篩,測土壤pH、有機質(zhì)、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀和交換性鈣、交換性鎂的含量。
1.3.2 考種測產(chǎn) 在收獲前2~3 d,每個小區(qū)在中間行隨機取5株(水稻5蔸)。在通風(fēng)處自然風(fēng)干,將每株分開進(jìn)行脫粒,測得各處理的子粒風(fēng)干總重,測定各處理的飽粒重、癟粒重、千粒重,計算理論產(chǎn)量。