余愛(ài)香

高分作文的重要特征之一就是句式多變，語(yǔ)法活用。因此，考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)要善于合理升級(jí)句式，熟練掌握潤(rùn)色句子的技能，交叉使用不同句型，增加句子的層次感和多樣化?？忌梢酝ㄟ^(guò)以下十大技巧升級(jí)句式，寫(xiě)出高分句子。

一、變成被動(dòng)句

被動(dòng)句在英語(yǔ)中使用廣泛，在陳述一個(gè)客觀(guān)事實(shí)時(shí)，相對(duì)于主動(dòng)句，使用被動(dòng)句更能夠增強(qiáng)文章的說(shuō)服力。

（建議信）I suggest that you should learn and sing Chinese songs.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：It is suggested that you should learn and sing Chinese songs.

二、運(yùn)用倒裝句

倒裝句是一種使句子呈現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)的方法。在寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的倒裝句有以下幾種：

1. 以否定詞開(kāi)頭的部分倒裝。

以never， neither， nor， seldom， rarely， by no means， hardly， scarcely， no sooner， no longer， in no way， in no case， at no time， Not only... but also， No sooner... than， Hardly ... when等否定或半否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子。

（祝賀信表達(dá)高興）I could hardly hold back my excitement when I heard the news that you were admitted to your ideal university.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Hardly could I hold back my excitement when I heard the news that you were admitted to your ideal university.

（感謝信）I will never forget your kindness and generosity.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Never will I forget your kindness and generosity.

（申請(qǐng)信）I not only have a good command of written English， but also I can speak English fairly well.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Not only do I have a good command of written English， but also I can speak English fairly well.

2. 以“Only+狀語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭的部分倒裝。

（建議信）You can learn Chinese well only if you could take the above suggestions.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Only if you take the above suggestions， can you learn Chinese well.

3. so/such... that句型中的so/such位于句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝。

（申請(qǐng)信）I am so interested in this job that I cant wait to apply for it.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：So interested am I in this job that I cant wait to apply for it.

4. adj./adv. +as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它。

（申請(qǐng)信）Though I am very young， I have the confidence that I can handle this job well.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Young as/though I am， I have the confidence that I can handle this job well.

5. if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句將were， had， should提前時(shí)。

（建議信）If I were you， I would try to read more books and magazines in Chinese.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Were I you， I would try to read more books and magazines in Chinese.

三、運(yùn)用感嘆句

感嘆句通常用于文章的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾以便活躍文章氣氛，凡是“I feel... ”表達(dá)情感類(lèi)的皆可用感嘆句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

（申請(qǐng)信）I am extremely delighted to learn the news that you need a secretary and I am writing to apply for it.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：How delighted I am to learn the news that you need a secretary and I am writing to apply for it.

四、運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1. 用do / does / did 強(qiáng)調(diào)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

（表達(dá)希望）I hope you can accept my apology and understand my situation.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：I do hope you can accept my apology and understand my situation.endprint

2. 用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“it is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+剩余部分”可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)外的任何句子成分。

（感謝信）Your instructive assistance and professional advice enable me to have the precious chance to study in my ideal university.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：It is your instructive assistance and professional advice that enable me to have the precious chance to study in my ideal university.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）

五、運(yùn)用從句

從句主要包括三大從句：名詞性從句，狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。

1. 名詞性從句的運(yùn)用。

名詞性從句主要包括：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。其中常見(jiàn)的高級(jí)表達(dá)方式有：What influences /impresses /surprises /disappoints /troubles sb. is ...

（投訴信）Much to my disappointment， they did not pay any attention to my requirements.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：

（1）What disappointed me was that they did not pay any attention to my requirements.（what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句）

（2）The fact that they did not pay any attention to my requirements disappointed me greatly. （同位語(yǔ)從句）

2. 狀語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。

It was raining hard. We still kept working on the farm.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：Although it was raining hard， we still kept working on the farm.（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）

（2016全國(guó)卷III）We can set out early. We will have more time to read and select books.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

3. 定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。

（自我介紹）I am Li Hua and in charge of the English Club in our school.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：I am Li Hua， who is in charge of the English Club in our school.

（2013全國(guó)卷I）I have asked my uncle to bring you the Chinese painting. Youve asked for it before.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：I have asked my uncle to bring you the Chinese painting（that/which）youve asked for before.

六、運(yùn)用it 句型

it 在句子中充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，代替真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

1. it 作形式主語(yǔ)。

（1）It is +adj./n. +（for sb.）to do sth. /that從句

it is necessary /important /vital... ， it is a great pity /shame...

（2）It is +過(guò)去分詞+that從句

it is said /believed /well-known /acknowledged /suggested that...

（道歉信）I missed such a precious chance. It was a great pity.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： It was a great pity that I missed such a precious chance.

2. it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

主語(yǔ)+find /consider /feel /regard /make +it + adj./n. + （for sb.） to do/doing sth./that從句。

1.（申請(qǐng)信）I can speak English fluently， so I find to communicate with foreigners very easy.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： I can speak English fluently， so I find it very easy to communicate with foreigners.

2.（建議信）I think that you take part in the class discussion very important.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： I think it very important that you take part in the class discussion.endprint

七、運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于說(shuō)話(huà)人表達(dá)并不是事實(shí)的情況，作用是表達(dá)假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑和推測(cè)。

（感謝信） Thanks to your selfless help， I finally made great progress in my English.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)

①But for/ Without your selfless help， I wouldnt have finally made great progress in my English.

②If it had not been for your help， I wouldnt have finally made great progress in my English.

（2008全國(guó)卷建議信）You should make more Chinese friends to improve your Chinese.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：If I were you， I would make more Chinese friends to improve my Chinese.

（投訴信）It is time for you to take measures to deal with these problems.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： It is（high）time that you should take /took measures to deal with these problems.

八、運(yùn)用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)

1. 分詞作定語(yǔ)。

（求助信）I am confronted with some serious problems which trouble me a lot.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： I am confronted with some serious problems troubling me a lot.

2. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

（求助信）Because I have been faced with the above problems， I am writing to ask for your assistance.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： Having been faced with the above problems， I am writing to ask for your assistance.

2.（申請(qǐng)信）I am an out-going person， so it makes it easier for me to get along well with others.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)： I am an out-going person， making it easier for me to get along well with others.

九、插入語(yǔ)的使用

適當(dāng)加一些插入語(yǔ)也可以豐富句式，寫(xiě)出新意。一些短句、副詞、介詞、分詞短語(yǔ)或者動(dòng)詞不定式都可以放到句子中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣較弱的插入語(yǔ)。常用插入語(yǔ)有： I am sure， I hope， I guess， I think， whats more， whats worse， what is important， luckily， undoubtedly， obviously， hopefully， by the way， in short， generally speaking， to tell you the truth， to be honest等等。

（建議信）I hope the above suggestions will be of great help to you.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)The above suggestions， I hope， will be of great use to you.

This activity can help students cultivate their awareness of cooperation and have a further understanding of Chinese traditional culture.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)This activity can help students cultivate their awareness of cooperation and， more importantly， have a further understanding of Chinese traditional culture.

十、運(yùn)用With 結(jié)構(gòu)

（2015全國(guó)卷II） As the Double Ninth Day is drawing closer/approaching， we are scheduled to visit the Nursing Home on that day.

→升級(jí)表達(dá)：With the Double Ninth Day drawing closer /approaching， we are scheduled to visit the Nursing Home on that day.

牛刀小試：按要求升級(jí)下列句子。

1.（2017全國(guó)卷I）I will give the lesson from 9：00 a.m. to 11：30 a.m. next Sunday in the classroom 201.

→（用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）_________________________________endprint

2.（感謝信）I could adapt to the American life quickly because of your selfless help.

→（用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）_________________________________

→（用with 結(jié)構(gòu)）_________________________________

→（用強(qiáng)調(diào)句）___________________________________

3.（2017全國(guó)卷I）As we know， Tang Poetry is one of the Chinese precious traditional cultural relics and also has a far-reaching effect on the cultural development in the world.

→（用not only...but also倒裝）______________________

→（用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）_________________________

→（用同位語(yǔ)）___________________________________

4.（2017全國(guó)卷II）I am sure that the paper-cutting exhibition will leave a wonderful impression on you.

→（插入語(yǔ)）_____________________________________

5.（2017全國(guó)卷III）The sport of table tennis can not only prevent us students from getting short-sighted， but it can also help us keep physically and mentally healthy.

→（用倒裝句）___________________________________

6.（2016全國(guó)卷II）Our school photography club is going to hold an International Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection.

→（用定語(yǔ)從句合并）_____________________________

→（用with結(jié)構(gòu)合并）_____________________________

7.（2016全國(guó)卷III）I feel awfully sorry to tell you that I cant go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.

→（用感嘆句）___________________________________

8.（2017年全國(guó)卷II）Now I am glad to tell you there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition which is held by our school.

→（用非謂語(yǔ)）___________________________________

9.（求職信）I have rich experience of social practice and great communicative competence， so I firmly believe that I can be qualified for the job.

→（用分詞作狀語(yǔ)）_______________________________

→（用with 結(jié)構(gòu)）_________________________________

10.（感謝信）You are very kind and generous to help me a lot during my stay in Almeria.

→（用it 作形式主語(yǔ)）_____________________________

11.（2012全國(guó)卷II生日聚會(huì)）At first， we will light the candles and sing the song“Happy Birthday”together for him. After that， we will enjoy the birthday cake and have fun together.

→（用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)句子）_______________

_____________________________________________________

12.（2016全國(guó)卷III） It is a great pity that I cant go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.

→（用感嘆句）___________________________________

參考答案：

1.（用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The lesson will be given from 9：00 a.m. to 11：30 a.m. next Sunday in the classroom 201.endprint