⊙By Thomas Frank

Wanna Be a Speed Reader? Yes, You Can! 速讀是怎樣煉成的

⊙By Thomas Frank

聽力指南針

● 在這個英語學(xué)習(xí)節(jié)目中，主持人針對英語速讀提出了五個高效方法，同時談到了不少學(xué)習(xí)者在閱讀方面的思想誤區(qū)，大家不妨認真聽聽，看看自己是否也有類似的問題？有則改之，無則加勉哦。

● 這個節(jié)目用語簡單，沒有太多生詞難詞，句式也不算復(fù)雜，最大的難點在于主持人語速偏快。同學(xué)們可

以按以下步驟進行訓(xùn)練：

1. 不看文字，先聽一遍全文，讓耳朵和大腦有所準(zhǔn)備；

2. 聽第二遍，邊聽邊記要點，尤其注意“the first”“the final”這樣的提示詞；3. 對照筆記再聽一遍，將你覺得需要重視的細節(jié)補充完整；

4. 對照筆記看文字，看看自己抓住了哪幾點，漏掉了哪幾點；

5. 對照文字聽一遍，現(xiàn)在，你跟得上主持人的語速了嗎？

Are there ways you can legitimately[正當(dāng)?shù)豜increase your reading speeds? Well, I believe that there are, and in this video I wanna give you five different methods that you can use to actually read faster.

Reading Takes Time and Practice to Get Good At多花時間，多加練習(xí)，閱讀方可熟能生巧

The first method is deceptively[騙人地]simple and, well,maybe a little bit inconvenient. It’s to simply read often, read widely, and read challenging material.

I emailed a post-doctorate[博士后]researcher at the University of San Diego named Elizabeth Schotter, who’s done a lot of research on speed reading. And I asked her,“What are the skills that help people learn to read faster?”

And she told me, “For skilled readers who are still reading between that 200 and 400 words per minute range, they’re people who have a lot of experience reading, who have a lot of command over their language and vocabulary, and who have a lot of prior[在先的]background knowledge they can use to apply to whatever it is they’re reading quickly.”

This indicates what you probably already know. Reading is a skill, and like any other skill that’s worth the time to take to build, reading does take time and practice to get good at.

要點歸納：閱讀是一個積累的過程，快速閱讀亦然。我們讀書應(yīng)該常態(tài)化，涉獵面盡可能地廣，而且要多接觸那些有挑戰(zhàn)性的內(nèi)容。廣而泛的長期閱讀對你的語言能力、詞匯量，以及背景知識儲備有很大幫助——而這幾點正是提高閱讀速度的基礎(chǔ)。

How to Reduce Boredom and Daydreaming趕走無聊與走神

Now this next method will help you if you have the same problem with reading that I have. When I’m trying to read non-fiction, I really wanna know what’s in the book, but I’ll often find myself getting bored or, more commonly, I’ll read one sentence that will send me down a mental rabbit hole of sorts, and then I’ll find myself daydreaming.

So, to reduce the instances of boredom and daydreaming when you’re reading, I have two different ideas for you.And the first one is to form what I call an “interest link.” The general idea is to try to connect the thing you’re reading with something that you already have a lot of interest in.

Another idea is to do a little bit of experimenting to find your optimal[最理想的]spot for reading. For example, this arm chair is not a good spot for me to read. Whenever I read here,I find myself daydreaming all the time, and that’s why I tend to do a lot of my reading outside instead.

要點歸納：要提高閱讀速度，怎能避開“專注”二字？但是在閱讀沒那么引人入勝的文章時，我們往往容易分心走神。這里分享兩個秘籍：一是將看到的內(nèi)容和你的興趣結(jié)合起來，調(diào)動自己的積極性；二是營造適合閱讀的氛圍與環(huán)境，找到最自然舒服的地方，靜下心來，好好看書。

Pre-Reading Can Help預(yù)讀的妙處

OK, so, third method. And this applies mainly to textbook reading or readings where you already know the specific type of information you wanna pull out of it—or at least have a general idea. And it is to “pre-read” before you start actually reading. And, by pre-reading, I mean going through the chapter headings, the table of contents, looking at bold[粗體]and formatted[帶格式的]text throughout the chapter, and going to the end of chapter and looking at the vocabulary terms and the review questions.

By doing these things beforehand, you’re essentially priming[做準(zhǔn)備]your brain to notice the most important information when you’re reading, and that will let you do the next method: skimming.

要點歸納：在看課文或者類似的參考書時，我們可以采用預(yù)讀的方式——先將章節(jié)標(biāo)題、目錄瀏覽一遍，然后注意看加粗或者有特殊格式的文字，最后跳到文章末尾，留意單詞注釋與課后問題。這種方式能讓你的大腦迅速接收文章最重要的信息，提前做好準(zhǔn)備。

Psuedo-Skimming Is My Favorite我最喜歡的“偽略讀”

Even though we’ve established[確定]that skimming is a form of reading where your comprehension is lower, it’s still an essential skill because—let’s face it—the text that you’re presented with in the book is way more than the text that you actually need to put into your brain. Skimming is a great way to get yourself through the monstrous[巨大的]amount of reading you have to do to get the gist[要旨], or overall idea, when the actual small little details aren’t quite as important to get.

Now, my favorite method of skimming is one that Cal Newport came up with called “psuedo-skimming.” This is basically a method when you go through your textbook reading and you skim through the paragraphs looking for the specific paragraphs that are more important than the other ones—the ones that hold main ideas, concepts, and the things you need to remember. Once you identify one of these main paragraphs, then you can slow down and read for comprehension, so you can remember what’s in it. But for the rest of them, skimming will suffice[足夠].

When you’re pseudo-skimming, a good way to pick out those important paragraphs is to pay attention to the first and last sentences of each paragraph, because those ones will give you an idea of what the rest of the paragraph contains.

要點歸納：略讀是快速閱讀中必不可少的一環(huán)，美國教授卡爾文·紐波特提出的“偽略讀法”很值得我們參考。在讀書時，我們可以通過瀏覽每段的開頭結(jié)尾來尋找那些體現(xiàn)主旨要點的重點段落。一旦找到了，我們就可以放慢腳步，細品慢讀其中的文字，從而掌握文章大意。

Read, Then Take Action讀而后實踐

The fifth and final tip for improving your reading speed…h(huán)ang on. Should we really be talking about reading speed as the metric[衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]here, or should we look a little bit broader and be thinking about “l(fā)earning speed” as the really important thing?

I think that people who wanna learn to speed read are often motivated[激勵]by this desire to become the kind of person who can say, “I read three books this week.” I think that’s the wrong motivation. Reading shouldn’t just be an achievement, like, good reads is not an achievement list and your bookshelf is not a trophy case[獎杯陳列柜]. By the same token[出于同樣的原因], though,the acquisition[獲得]of knowledge is also something that can lead you down the wrong path[路]because in terms of speed reading, I think it encourages us to think of our brains like those ticket machines that take your tickets at an arcade[游樂場]and tell you how many bouncy balls[彈力球]you can get at the price counter. Our brains don’t work that way, but trying to speed read can convince us that they do, and then we’re just trying to feed the tickets in faster and faster. That’s not how learning works.

What about really taking the time to ponder[考慮]and chew on what you’ve learned, compare it with your world view? I think speed readers are constantly concerned with this idea of comprehension. Even if their systems work,comprehension isn’t really the only goal here. The writer Scott Berkun put it better than I ever could.

“Reading comprehension does not equal wisdom[智慧].Comprehension is for a test; wisdom is for your life.”

So, here is the final method. When you read, also take the time to do something with what you just learned. Take notes, write a summary, compare what you learned with your current view of the world, and use that information to do different things and make better decisions. All of this is gonna help you more effectively encode[編碼]the information, have to reread less, and essentially will increase your overall learning speed, which should be the goal.

要點歸納：與其將“閱讀速度”時常掛在嘴邊，我們更應(yīng)該關(guān)心的是“學(xué)習(xí)速度”。閱讀量和閱讀速度并不是什么用來炫耀的東西，更重要的是你從每次閱讀的文章中學(xué)到什么知識，領(lǐng)悟到什么道理，對你的人生觀、世界觀產(chǎn)生了什么影響，你為此采取了怎樣的行動……這些東西都不可能用考試分數(shù)來衡量，但從長遠來看，它們才是讓你提升整體學(xué)力的關(guān)鍵所在。

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