卓乘風(fēng)+鄧峰
摘 要:(中)摘要利用中國2003—2015年省級面板數(shù)據(jù),從創(chuàng)新型人才區(qū)際流動視角構(gòu)建空間權(quán)重矩陣,考察了人口老齡化對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的區(qū)域異質(zhì)性影響、區(qū)域創(chuàng)新在其中的異質(zhì)性杠桿作用及演化特征。研究表明:考察期內(nèi)中國整體產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化,但兩極分化現(xiàn)象有所加劇,各地區(qū)在推動產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級過程中存在“以鄰為壑”的現(xiàn)象。就全國整體和西部地區(qū)而言,人口老齡化阻礙了產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級,但這種阻礙作用在東部地區(qū)并不顯著,此外,中部地區(qū)人口老齡化與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之間存在正向關(guān)聯(lián);提升區(qū)域創(chuàng)新能力能明顯弱化人口老齡化對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的阻礙作用,但區(qū)域創(chuàng)新的這種杠桿作用在中部地區(qū)并不顯著;對于全國、東部及西部地區(qū)而言,隨著區(qū)域創(chuàng)新能力跨越兩個門檻值,人口老齡化對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的影響表現(xiàn)出“阻礙→不顯著→促進(jìn)”的演化特征,而對于中部地區(qū),其演化規(guī)律則為“阻礙→促進(jìn)→不顯著”。在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了相應(yīng)的建議。
關(guān)鍵詞:(中)關(guān)鍵詞人口老齡化;產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級;區(qū)域創(chuàng)新;杠桿效應(yīng)
中圖分類號:(中)中圖分類號F121.3;F276 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1000-4149(2018)01-0048-13
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2018.01.005
Abstract:(英)摘要Based on Chinese provincial panel data during 2003 to 2015,this paper built spatial weight matrix from the perspective of innovative talents interregional flow,investigated the heterogenous effect of population aging on the upgrade of industrial structure, the heterogenous leverage and evolution characteristics among them from regional innovation. Research shows that: 1) during the investigated period,Chinas overall industrial structure optimize ceaselessly with the polarization phenomenon increased,and there is the “beggarthyneighbour”phenomenon around the overall country in the process of promoting the upgrade of industrial structure;2) from the perspective of the overall country and the western region,population aging hinders the upgrade of industrial structure,but the effect is not significant in eastern region,additionally,there is a significant positive correlation between the population aging and the upgrade of industrial structure in central region;3) the ascension of innovation ability can significantly weaken the prevention of the population aging to upgrade of industrial structure,but as far as central region,the leverage of regional innovation is not significant;4) for the whole country,eastern and western region,with the regional innovation ability leap over the two threshold value,the influence of population aging on the upgrade of industrial structure appears the evolution of the “block→not significant→promote”,but for the central region,its evolving regularity is “no significant→block→promote”.Based on the above research,some suggestions were put forward.
Keywords:(英)關(guān)鍵詞population aging;upgrade of industrial structure;regional innovation;leverage
一、引言與文獻(xiàn)綜述
進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,中國的人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)迅速老化,老年撫養(yǎng)比不斷攀升,“人口紅利”逐漸消退,預(yù)計(jì)2050年左右我國60歲以上人口比例將達(dá)到30%—40%,中國將成為全球老齡化最嚴(yán)重的國家之一。人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的老化一方面會造成勞動者智力體力供給在生產(chǎn)活動中發(fā)生變化,從而影響產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展;另一方面隨著有效勞動力供給的降低,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展必然由勞動密集型向資本和技術(shù)密集型轉(zhuǎn)變,在此過程中,勞動力的智力體力供給能否適應(yīng)這一產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整,就成為一個值得關(guān)注的問題[1]。然而,“新常態(tài)”下中國經(jīng)濟(jì)要實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展就必須向結(jié)構(gòu)要動力,那么,在這種現(xiàn)實(shí)背景下,人口老齡化的不斷加劇會不會阻礙“新常態(tài)”下中國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級?對于具有大國經(jīng)濟(jì)特征的中國而言,二者的關(guān)聯(lián)性是否存在區(qū)域異質(zhì)性?此外,當(dāng)人口老齡化與實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、推進(jìn)創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)背景相疊加時,區(qū)域創(chuàng)新又會在人口老齡化影響產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的過程中扮演什么角色?回答這些問題對于在人口老齡化不斷加劇的情形下推動產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級、延續(xù)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球競爭力具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。endprint