Logics for Mongolian Clinical Reasoning

Xiong Minghui and Tuo Sigen 20

The Mongolian Clinical Reasoning (MCR) is the research object of the logic of Mongolian medicine and the rational foundation of Mongolian medicine. MCR refers to such kind of reasoning, by which traditional Mongolian clinicians could grasp their patients’ symptoms by means of “three diagnostic methods”, ascertain the pathogenesis based on the Mongolian pathology, implement treatment programs in the light of Mongolian medicine, and finally be able to verify whether the symptoms have been eliminated. As a kind of practical reasoning, among subjectivity, dynamicity, interactivity and non-monotonicity, it also has some additional essential characteristics by itself. To study the logic for the MCR, we must fully consider these characteristics.Although both deductive and inductive logic can be applied to the study for the MCR, they are not able to deal with all these features of MCR as practical reasoning. In this paper, we provide an informal logica approach, by which we take full account of those above features, called “conductive reasoning program”.

Space, Place and Life World—— Philosophical Understanding of Architectural Phenomenology

Qi Jie 35

The essence of architecture lies in itself. Architecture reveals its meaning and evolution process by itself. The core of architectural phenomenology is “directly facing and recognizing architecture”. The relationship between architecture and human and environment have undergone development stages from dependence, transformation to partnership. The physical and mental experience of human to architecture constitutes the basic cognition of human daily life. Only when human have a sense of belonging and identity to the architecture, it is possible that the physical and mental of human are settled in the architecture. The cognition of human to architecture is a pure state of consciousness. Through the self examination of the consciousness, human grasp the spiritual connotation and essence of architecture, and establish the experiencer obtains the “def i nite truth” through the personal feeling and ref l ection of the architecture. The basic meaning of space is that it makes a concrete structure possible as the support of space and the entity platform. The main meaning of the place is that it provides the necessary experience measure for human to experience “whether the environment has meaning”. The construction and development of the living world cannot be separated from the architecture. The paper proposes that the profound cognition of human to architecture is rooted in the accumulation of life through the two types of inhabitation mode, i.e. “home building” and “dwelling”, which has a certain progressive relationship, and analyses the inner connection of architecture to the life world.

What a Danwei Man has Turned to in the Post-Danwei Period?

Wang Ning 46

It was commonly argued that the “danwei man” has turned to a “social man” after the end of danwei man during the age of the reforms in China. However, the concept of “social man” is not a corresponding concept in relation to the concept of “danwei man”, because the latter contains two dimensional connotations, i.e.,both institutional and cultural connotations, but the former only contains one dimensional connotation, i.e.,institutional connotation. We still don’t know what the cultural connotation that the concept of “social man”contains. So far the danwei man has come to an end. But what are the cultural characteristics of the new man who replaces the danwei man? This is what this paper is aimed to answer. For the purpose of this, Foucault’s concept of “the entrepreneur of the self ” is referred to and employed to reveal the cultural characteristics of the new man after the end of danwei man.

Should the Government Break up Monopoly?——On a Theoretical Basis

Zhou Yan 89

The monopoly theory in traditional economics is the foundation of the anti-monopoly policy of the government. This paper will reexamine this theory from the basic theoretical perspective. The results show that there are fundamental mistakes in the definition of monopoly, and there is no “deadweight loss” in the real world, so the economic basis of anti-monopoly is wrong. The essence of monopoly is an omnipresent competition phenomenon. Monopoly Rent is the purpose of enterprise innovation. The “encouragement of innovation” and “anti-monopoly” in government policy cannot coexist logically. The errors of the traditional theory, which neglect the real world, make the antitrust law issued by various countries as a tool for the government to intervene in the market, destroying the competition and bringing huge transaction costs to the whole society. After the reform and opening up, although the antitrust law has not been promulgated for quite a long time, China attracted a large number of foreign direct investment (FDI), and the economic development was extremely successful. China’s practice overturned the antitrust consensus of Western academics, and this important clue led us back to the ref l ection and discussion of the basic theory of economics.

The Commemorative Activities and Peasant Mobilization in Guangdong during the Period of the National Revolution

Wu Zitao and Chen Jinlong 117

During the period of the National Revolution, the KMT and the CCP held a commemorative activity featuring the history of modern China and the martyrs, the history and representative of the Communist International Movement and the mass movement through various means such as words, language and art, aiming to arouse Farmers’ consciousness , defending revolutionary policies and encouraging peasant revolutionary struggle. With these commemorative activities, the peasants’ political awareness was awakened, the peasants’ political approval was enhanced and the peasants’ revolutionary morale was encouraged. During the concrete commemorative activities, the CCP accumulated rich experience in peasant movements and became the starting point for the success of the revolution. However, the KMT, which mainly promoted the peasant movement at the upper level,became unsuccessful when it split with the CPC and peasants due to class conf l icts of interest starting point.

From Theatre Performance to Pictorial Representation——A Study of Cross-media Narrative of Han Pictures

Long Diyong 144

Rather than a direct imitation of life stories, picture narrative is a re-imitation of the story narrated via other media. The story imitated by picture narrative, can be both narrated with languages and words, and represented with theatre performance. This paper, with a case of Han pictures, probes into a cross-media narrative of picture imitating theatre, and from a semiotic perspective, gives a theoretical interpretation of this phenomenon. Han pictures are, in nature, cross-media narratives of pictures surpassing their own peculiarities to imitate the stories narrated via another media (performance). Han pictures, are all narratives of a single picture, and narrations with a single scene, which are adept in overviewing the essence of the story with a single “theatrical scene”;Han theatre narratives generally select “the climax scene of the story”, gives a stage performance by taking the scene of “the best visual effect” as a “mobile picture”. The “physical connection” between Han theatres and Han pictures provides an internal structural evidence of Han pictures representing Han theatres. This “internal evidence” of structures, plus external pictorial evidences of masks, costumes and stage properties, can be a full justif i cation of Han picture narratives really representing or imitating the prevailing Han theatres.

Society Committed by Reading——On the Theory of Reading Formation of Tony Bennett

Li Yongxin 169

The concept of Reading Formation is proposed by Tony Bennett, who is an English Marxist academician. This theory is a new theory on commitment of literature, both presents the model of reader-text interaction, which is about reader consructed by text and text readed by reader, and illustrates the processes of Marxist criticism’s committing. Bennett’s Reading Formation is from Michel Foucault’s aesthetics of survival, which lays emphasis on the discoursive construction of subject by text and the reading of “self-technology”. Louis Pierre Althusser and Pierre Macherey’s argument about text and history inspired Bennnett to articulate text and history. The theory of Reading Formation, as a reading politics, clarif i es the complexity of the composition of “reader” and“reading” and develops the literary theory by uniting Marxism and postmodernism.