文/李 健
建設工程合同在本質上與其他合同沒有什么兩樣,都是一份協(xié)議Agreement,形成這份協(xié)議至少要經過要約Offer和承諾Acceptance兩個階段。無論如何,要約都是必經階段。投標(或投標書)Tender就是要約的一種形式。
例1—“Tender”means the Letter of Tender and all other documents which the Contractor submitted with the Letter of Tender,as included in the Contract.(1.1.1.8)“Letter of Tender”means the document entitled letter of tender,which was completed by the Contractor and includes the signed offer to the Employer for the Works.(1.1.1.4)“Appendix to Tender”means the completed pages entitled appendix to tender which are appended to and form part of the Letter of Tender.(1.1.1.9)(Conditions of Contract for Construction,F(xiàn)IDIC,1999)。
試譯:“投標書”是指投標函以及包含在本合同中由承包商連同投標函一起提交的所有其他文件?!巴稑撕笔侵该Q為投標函的文件,它由承包商完成,且包含經簽署并向業(yè)主提出的工程報價。“投標書附錄”是指附在投標函后并構成投標函一部分的名稱為投標函附錄的文書。
例2—投標函:是指構成合同的由承包人填寫并簽署的用于投標的稱為“投標函”的文件。(1.1.1.4)投標函附錄:是指構成合同的附在投標函后的稱為“投標函附錄”的文件。(1.1.1.5)(《建設工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF—2017—0201))
試譯 :“Letter of Tender”means the document entitled letter of tender as part of the Contract,which was completed and signed by the Contractor for the purpose of tender for the Works.“Appendix to Tender”means the documents entitled appendix to tender as part of the Contract which are appended to the Letter of Tender.
點評
1.要注意到,F(xiàn)IDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction中Letter of Tender和Appendix to Tender的定義,與中國《建設工程施工合同(示范文本)》中投標函、投標函的附錄的定義并沒有什么實質不同;只是后者沒有特別定義投標或者投標書,前者對投標或者投標書tender的定義也只不過羅列了所有投標文件罷了。
2.我們在試譯中一律把tender與“投標(投標書)”作為對等詞匯看待的,到此為止,也許并沒有什么疑問。但是,中國于2000年出臺了一部《招標投標法》,有文獻將這部法律的名稱譯成The Tendering and Bidding Law of the People’s Republic of China,還有譯成 Law of the People’s Republic of China on Tenders and Bids的,甚至條文翻譯將tenderer作為“招標人”對等詞匯。兩相對照,問題來了,tender到底是“招標”還是“投標”?還冒出了一個bid,則tender和bid到底是什么關系呢?
作者:安秀揚
3.《牛津高階英漢雙解詞詞典》(OALD)對作動詞用的tender這樣解釋“make an offer(to carry out work,supply goods,etc.)at a stated price投標”;對作名詞用的tender這樣解釋“formal offer to supply goods or carry out work at a stated price投標”,并特別注明“also esp US bid”,也就是說,在美式英語中也即bid。OALD進一步舉例:Firms were invited to tender for the construction of the new motorway.各公司應邀投標承建新高速公路。Put work out to tender,ie ask for such offers招標;put in/make/submit a tender for sth.參加某項投標;accept the lowest tender接受最低價格的投標?!杜=颥F(xiàn)代法律用語詞典》將名詞bid和tender列為同一個詞條,指出—In AmE,both terms are used,whereas in BrE only the latter would appear,in sense of“a summited price at which one will perform work or supply goods.”也就是說,在“為承攬工作或提供貨物而提交報價”(也就是投標)的意義上,bid和tender這兩個詞在美式英語中都使用,但在英式英語中一般只用tender。
4.我選擇相信這兩部詞典的解釋,tender和bid是同義詞,都是“投標(出價)”的意思。這么說來,關于中國《招標投標法》名稱的前述兩個英譯都不妥當;進而其有關招標、投標的章節(jié)名稱、條款翻譯均需改進。根據(jù)構詞法,Tenderer是“投標人”的意思;而“招標人”則是tenderee。對中國《招標投標法》名稱,我的英譯是 :Law of the People’s Republic of China on Invitation for and Submission of Tender。