Kelly Roell

編者注：許多人學(xué)習(xí)的效率低下，因?yàn)樗麄兊挠?jì)劃總是一次又一次被打亂，導(dǎo)致他們無(wú)法集中精神學(xué)習(xí)。提高學(xué)習(xí)效率應(yīng)該從最大限度利用你的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間開始。不要在考試前浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間！盡可能地利用每一秒鐘去學(xué)習(xí)。

1. Set A Study Goal 設(shè)定學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

What is it that youre actually trying to accomplish2？ How will you know if you have done that？ You need to set a goal so you can answer those questions. If youve been given a study guide， then your goal could simply be to learn everything on the guide. Youll know if youve achieved it when a friend asks you all the questions and you can answer those questions quickly and completely. Whatever youre trying to achieve， get it on paper. Dont stop until youve met your goal.

你實(shí)際上想要完成的是什么？你怎么知道你是否完成了呢？要回答這些問(wèn)題，你需要設(shè)定一個(gè)目標(biāo)。如果你得到了學(xué)習(xí)的指南，那么你的目標(biāo)就是完成學(xué)習(xí)指南的內(nèi)容。如果你能迅速而完整地回答你的朋友問(wèn)你的所有問(wèn)題，你就能知道自己完成了這個(gè)目標(biāo)。無(wú)論你想達(dá)到什么目標(biāo)，都把它列在紙上，然后努力去達(dá)成。

2. Set A Timer For 45 Minutes 定時(shí)45分鐘

Youll learn more if you study in segments3 with short breaks in between. An ideal length is 45 to 50 minutes on task and 5 to 10 minutes off task between those study times. Forty-five to fifty minutes gives you enough time to dig deep into your studies， and five to ten minute breaks allows you enough time to regroup. Use those short mental breaks to check in with family members， grab a snack， use the restroom or just hop on social media to reconnect with friends. But， once that break is over， get back at it.

如果你分時(shí)間段來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)并且每個(gè)時(shí)間段之間有間隔休息，你能學(xué)到更多。理想的安排是學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)45至50分鐘，間隔休息5至10分鐘。45到50分鐘讓你有足夠的時(shí)間深入學(xué)習(xí)，5到10分鐘的休息讓你有足夠的時(shí)間重新整理思路。你可以利用這些短暫的心理放松時(shí)間與家人碰個(gè)頭，吃點(diǎn)零食，去一下洗手間，或者在社交媒體上與朋友們重新聯(lián)系一下。但是，一旦休息結(jié)束就回去學(xué)習(xí)吧。

3. Shut Off Your Phone 關(guān)掉手機(jī)

You do not need to be on call when you are studying. Shut off your phone so youre not tempted to respond to that text or call. Remember that you will be getting a short break in just forty-five minutes and you can check your voicemail and texts then. You are worth the time youll be devoting to this task and nothing else is as important at this very moment.

學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間里你不需要隨時(shí)接電話。關(guān)掉你的手機(jī)，這樣你就不會(huì)對(duì)短信或電話作出回應(yīng)。請(qǐng)記住，在學(xué)習(xí)45分鐘后你將得到短暫的休息，那個(gè)時(shí)候你可以查看你的語(yǔ)音信箱和短信?；〞r(shí)間投入到學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)中是值得的，此時(shí)此刻，沒(méi)有什么比這更重要的了。

4. Put Up A “Do Not Disturb” Sign 掛上“請(qǐng)勿打擾”的牌子

Maintaining4 laser-like focus during a study session is very important to your success. So， lock yourself in your room and put a“Do Not Disturb” sign on your door. It will make your friends or family think twice before asking about dinner or inviting you to watch a movie.

在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中保持激光般的專注對(duì)于你的成功是非常重要的。所以，把自己鎖在房間里，在門上掛一個(gè)“請(qǐng)勿打擾”的牌子吧。它會(huì)讓你的朋友或家人在喊你吃飯或者邀請(qǐng)你看電影之前三思。

5. Sit At A Desk Or Table 坐在桌子邊學(xué)習(xí)

At the beginning of your study session， you should be seated at a table or desk with your material in front of you. Find all your notes and open up your book. Youll be taking notes， un-derlining， and reading effectively during study time， and these tasks are most easily accomplished at a desk.

開始學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該坐到桌子或書桌前，把學(xué)習(xí)材料擺在面前。找到你所有的筆記，然后打開你的書。你會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)記筆記、標(biāo)記要點(diǎn)和高效閱讀，這些任務(wù)在書桌前最容易完成。

6. Attack The Content In Several Ways 通過(guò)不同的方式學(xué)習(xí)

To really learn something， not just cram it in for the test， you need to go after the content using a few different ways. Try reading the chapter silently， then summarizing it aloud. Or draw little pictures related to the content next to important ideas. Sing a song to remember dates or long lists. If you mix up the way you learn， youll keep deeply in mind what you need to learn.

要想真正學(xué)到一些東西，而不是僅只為了考試而死記硬背，你需要通過(guò)不同方式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。你可以默讀這一章，然后大聲地總結(jié)出來(lái)?；蛘咴谥匾挠^點(diǎn)旁畫一些與內(nèi)容相關(guān)的小圖。你還可以唱一首歌來(lái)記住日期或列出的項(xiàng)。如果混合使用不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式，你就能牢牢記住你要學(xué)的東西。

7. Break Down Large Topics And Summarize The Key Facts and Ideas 拆分大塊的內(nèi)容并總結(jié)關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容

You can get really overwhelmed if you have a ton of content to learn， but if you start with just one small piece， and focus solely on mastering that one part， you wont feel quite as stressed. When you have finished studying， write out 10 to 20 key ideas or important facts you need to remember. Put everything into your own words， then double-check your book or notes to ensure youve gotten them correct. Doing this at the end of your study session will help cement5 the most important facts in your head.

如果你有大量的內(nèi)容要學(xué)習(xí)，你可能會(huì)不知所措，但是如果你只從一小塊內(nèi)容開始，只專注于掌握其中的一部分，你就不會(huì)感到有壓力。當(dāng)完成了學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，寫出你需要記住的10至20個(gè)關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或重要的事實(shí)。把所有的東西都用自己的話來(lái)寫，然后仔細(xì)對(duì)照你的書或筆記檢查，以確保它們是正確的。在你的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)段結(jié)束時(shí)，這樣做將幫助你鞏固腦海中最重要的內(nèi)容。

Notes：

1. maximize vt. 使增加擴(kuò)大到最大限度

2. accomplish vt. 完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到 3. segment n. 段；部分

4. maintain vt. 維持；繼續(xù) 5. cement vt. 鞏固，加強(qiáng)；用水泥涂