蔣紅秀
祈使句是英語中一種很常見的句子類型,它用于表示請求、命令、勸告、祝愿或建議等。英語祈使句的主語通常為第二人稱,但一般都省略不用。同學們在學習和使用祈使句時,應注意以下五個方面。
英語祈使句的最基本特點是,其謂語總是用動詞原形(不能用不定式或-ing形式)。如:
Be here by four oclock. 四點鐘之前來到這里。
Be careful not to eat too much. 小心,不要吃得太多。
Come along and visit us next week. 下周過來看我們。
Have a safe journey. 一路平安。
有時為了加強語氣,可以在動詞前加do。如:
Do be careful with that vase! 務必小心那個花瓶!
Do come to the party tonight. 今晚請一定來參加晚會。
英語祈使句的否定式總是在動詞原形前加dont(絕不可用doesnt, didnt等)。如:
Dont be afraid of asking for help. 不要怕求人幫忙。
Dont forget to let me know soon!別忘了快點兒通知我!
Dont be sad over your bad luck.不要為你的運氣不好難過了。
Dont push; wait your turn to get on the bus. 別擠,按順序上車。
祈使句有時可與please連用,以使語氣更為客氣或委婉。please可用于祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗號)或句末(其前通常用逗號)。如:
Please come as soon as possible. 請盡快來。
Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士們、先生們,請就座。
Take these books to his room, please. 請把這些書拿到他房間里去。
Turn in your homework please. 請把作業(yè)交上。
Please dont leave me here alone! 請別把我一個人留在這里!
祈使句以let開頭,其后的賓語若為代詞,注意要用賓格形式;根據(jù)語境的需要,let的賓語可以是單數(shù),也可以是復數(shù);可以是第一人稱,也可以是第三人稱(但不宜是第二人稱)。另外,在let后用作賓語補語的動詞要用原形。如:
Let me see your ticket, please. 請讓我看一下你的票。
Dont help him. Let him do it on his own. 不要幫助他。讓他自己去做吧。
Let the work be done immediately. 工作要馬上完成。
Let everyone choose for themselves. 讓大家自己選。
Let the children enjoy themselves; stop telling them what to do. 讓孩子們自己樂吧,不要告訴他們該做什么。
這類祈使句的否定式有兩種形式。如:
Lets not hurry. / Dont lets hurry. 我們不要太急。
1. 在通常情況下,若陳述部分為祈使句,反意疑問句通常用will you, wont you, would you等。如:
Give me a hand, will you? 幫我一下好嗎?
Turn the sound down a little, wont you? 把音量調(diào)低一點兒好嗎?
Pass the cookies around, would you? 請把小甜餅分發(fā)給大家,好嗎?
若陳述部分為否定式,則反意疑問句部分只用will you。如:
Dont tell anybody, will you? 別對任何人講,好嗎?
Dont go without saying goodbye to me, will you? 不要不跟我說再見就走,好么?
2. 若陳述部分為以 let開頭的祈使句,則要分兩種情況:
(1)表示請求時,用will you,如:
Let her go with you, will you? 讓他同你去吧,好嗎?
Let me see your watch, will you? 讓我看一下你的手表,好嗎?
(2)表示建議時,用shall we,如:
Lets sit down, shall we? 咱們坐下來吧,好嗎?
Lets phone her now, shall we? 咱們現(xiàn)在給她打電話,好嗎?
【跟蹤訓練】
1. Hes not in. Please _____ back later.
A. call ? ? ? ? ? B. calling
C. to call ? ? ? ? D. called
2. _____ up, or else youll miss the last bus.
A. Hurry B. Hurrying
C. To hurry D. Hurried
3. Doctor, please ______ quickly. This is a matter of life and death.
A. come ? ? ? ? ? B. to come
C. coming ? ? ? ? D. came
4. Before leaving the city, ______ sure to make time for a shopping trip.
A. are ? ? ? ? ? B. is
C. be ? ? ? ? D. being
5. Please ______ make any noise; the baby is sleeping.
A. not ? ? ? ? ? B. dont
C. to not ? D. not to
6. Dont tell her what I said, ______ you?
A. will B. do
C. wont ? ? D. cant
7. If you are interested, ______ with your parents.
A. came ? ? ? ? ? B. to come
C. coming ? ? ? ? D. come
8. If you need help, let me know, ______?
A. will you ? ? ? B. shall we
C. do you ? ? D. do we
【參考答案】1~5 ?AAACB ?6~8 ?ADA