陳敏方 陳福春
[摘要] 目的 分析Caveolin-1在不同組織學(xué)類型肺癌中的表達(dá)以及與肺癌病理的相關(guān)性。 方法 回顧性分析2016年7月~2017年7月來我院就診的130例原發(fā)性肺癌患者,所有患者均行手術(shù)治療,取肺癌組織及癌旁正常肺組織進(jìn)行免疫組化,比較肺癌組織和正常肺組織及不同組織學(xué)類型肺癌組織、不同分期肺癌組織中Caveolin-1的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 Caveolin-1在正常肺組織的支氣管上皮細(xì)胞和肺泡上皮細(xì)胞中的陽性率為100.00%,顯著高于肺癌組織中的58.46%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Caveolin-1在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的陽性率為61.67%,顯著高于小細(xì)胞肺癌中的20.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Caveolin-1在I、II期肺癌組織中的陽性率為47.37%,顯著低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的60.71%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Caveolin-1在有淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移組中的陽性率顯著高于無淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Caveolin-1在腺癌、鱗癌、大細(xì)胞癌中的表達(dá)無顯著差異。 結(jié)論 Caveolin-1在不同類型、分期、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移的肺癌中表達(dá)不同,可作為肺癌臨床診治的指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] Caveolin-1;肺癌;病理;分期;淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移
[中圖分類號(hào)] R734.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)17-0013-04
The significance and the expression of Caveolin-1 in the tissues of patients with lung cancer
CHEN Minfang1 CHEN Fuchun2
1.NO.1 Department of Surgery, Wenling Hospital of TCM in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China; 2.Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wenling Hospital of TCM in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the expression of Caveolin-1 in different histological types of lung cancer and its correlation with lung cancer pathology. Methods 130 patients with primary lung cancer who came to our hospital for diagnosis from July 2016 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were given surgical treatment. Lung cancer tissue and normal lung tissue next to the lung were given immunohistochemical tests. The expression of Caveolin-1 in lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues, and different histological types of lung cancer tissues and different stages of lung cancer tissues were compared. Results The positive rate of Caveolin-1 in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells in normal lung tissues was 100.0%, which was significantly higher than that in lung cancer tissues(58.46%). the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the positive rate of caveolin-1 in non-small cell lung cancer was 61.67%, which was significantly higher than that in small cell lung cancer(20.00%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the positive rate of caveolin-1 in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ lung cancer tissues was 47.37%, which was significantly lower than that in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ(60.71%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the positive rate of Caveolin-1 in patients with lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients without lymphatic metastasis, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); there was no significant difference in adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma of expression of caveolin-1. Conclusion Caveolin-1 is expressed differently in the lung cancers with different types, stages, and lymphatic metastasis, which can be used as an indicator of clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
[Key words] Caveolin-1; Lung cancer; Pathology; Staging; Lymphatic metastasis
胞膜窖(caveolae)是細(xì)胞膜上特定的[1-2],直徑約50~100 nm的細(xì)頸瓶狀微區(qū)域[3],其富含膽固醇、鞘磷脂、鞘糖脂,形成一個(gè)膜內(nèi)陷區(qū)域[4],以存在窖蛋白分子為特征。caveolae廣泛存在于內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、肺上皮細(xì)胞、脂肪細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞、血管平滑肌細(xì)胞等中,富含多種信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)相關(guān)的酶、受體、連接蛋白,是信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑中的樞紐,參與細(xì)胞內(nèi)吞、信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)[5]、腫瘤生成[6]、膽固醇運(yùn)輸?shù)榷喾N細(xì)胞生命活動(dòng)[7]。微囊蛋白1(Caveolin-1)是caveolae中的主要膜結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白[8],屬于細(xì)胞膜上的整合膜蛋白,在保證caveolae的完整性、信號(hào)的傳導(dǎo)方面發(fā)揮重要作用[9],具有激酶抑制活性,通過與caveolae分子結(jié)合而發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過免疫組化方法,分析Caveolin-1蛋白在正常肺組織、不同組織學(xué)類型肺癌中的表達(dá)及與肺癌病理的相關(guān)性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2016年7月~2017年7月來我院就診的130例原發(fā)性肺癌患者為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均行手術(shù)治療切除標(biāo)本,術(shù)前均未接受放療、化療。其中,男94例,女36例;年齡27~74歲,平均(50.3±5.2)歲;非小細(xì)胞肺癌120例,小細(xì)胞肺癌10例;65例伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,65例無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移;患者的病理分型和臨床分期見表1。所有患者診斷明確,病歷、病理、隨訪資料完整,腫瘤的分期由兩名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生共同確定。
1.2 主要試劑
兔抗人多克隆 Caveolin-1 抗體(sc-894),購自北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司,辣根過氧化酶(HRP)標(biāo)記的羊抗兔 IgG購自美國 Jackson 公司,免疫組織化學(xué)試劑盒(Kit-9710)購自福州邁新生物技術(shù)開發(fā)公司。
1.3 免疫組化方法
取肺癌組織以及癌旁正常肺組織進(jìn)行免疫組化,將標(biāo)本用4%的甲醛固定,石蠟包埋,制成切片,經(jīng)脫蠟、脫苯、水化后,根據(jù)SP法試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行抗Caveolin-1(1∶125)染色,陰性對(duì)照組用PBS代替一抗。染色后,Caveolin-1在血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、肺泡上皮細(xì)胞,胞膜和胞質(zhì)處出現(xiàn)棕黃色顆粒為陽性對(duì)照。
1.4 結(jié)果判定
采用半定量積分法,Caveolin-1為膜/質(zhì)蛋白,免疫組化染色反應(yīng)陽性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為細(xì)胞膜和胞漿有棕黃色顆粒[10]。光鏡下,從130例肺癌標(biāo)本中隨機(jī)選取不同的4個(gè)肺癌病灶視野,每個(gè)視野統(tǒng)計(jì)200個(gè)癌細(xì)胞,計(jì)算出陽性率為50.9%,以50%為界線,陽性率>50%為表達(dá)陽性,陽性率≤50%為表達(dá)陰性。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 Caveolin-1在不同組織學(xué)類型肺癌中的表達(dá)
Caveolin-1在正常肺組織的支氣管上皮細(xì)胞和肺泡上皮細(xì)胞中的陽性率為100.00%,顯著高于肺癌組織中的58.46%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Caveolin-1在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的陽性率為61.67%,顯著高于小細(xì)胞肺癌中的20.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Caveolin-1在腺癌、鱗癌、大細(xì)胞癌中的表達(dá)無顯著差異
2.2 Caveolin-1在不同分期肺癌中的表達(dá)
Caveolin-1在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肺癌組織中的陽性率為47.37%,顯著低于Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期的60.71%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)
2.3 Caveolin-1在有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移肺癌中的表達(dá)
Caveolin-1在有淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移組中的陽性率為73.85%,顯著高于無淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移組的50.77%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)
3 討論
肺癌是發(fā)生于支氣管黏膜上皮的惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率居惡性腫瘤的首位,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生命健康[11]。早期肺癌患者多無癥狀,超過2/3的患者發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已處于中晚期,發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤,喪失了手術(shù)治療的機(jī)會(huì)[12],而肺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤是多因子調(diào)控的復(fù)雜過程,原癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活密切相關(guān),因此,深入了解肺癌侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制將有助于揭示肺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展的實(shí)質(zhì)。為尋找預(yù)防、早期診斷和治療肺癌侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移提供有效的途徑,因此,研究肺癌轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤的機(jī)制是目前研究的重點(diǎn),本研究旨在為臨床肺癌轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤的預(yù)測尋找有效指標(biāo)。Caveolin 在 caveolae 的表面表達(dá),分子量為 21~24 kd,屬于小分子膜整合蛋白,由于其免疫學(xué)特性的不同,目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有 1、2、3 三種類型。其中Caveolin-1型又有α、β兩種分型。Caveolae主要存在于高度分化的細(xì)胞,Caveolin-1、Caveolin-2主要表達(dá)于成纖維細(xì)胞、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、脂肪細(xì)胞;Caveolin-3主要表達(dá)于平滑肌細(xì)胞、骨胳肌細(xì)胞、心肌細(xì)胞。Caveolae也參與了多種生物活性分子從細(xì)胞外向細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移的過程。目前研究結(jié)果顯示Caveolin-1在腫瘤中的作用并不一致[13-14],一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為,Caveolin-1在腫瘤中發(fā)揮抑瘤作用[15],一方面,Caveolin-1通過其架構(gòu)區(qū)發(fā)揮其抑癌作用,Caveolin-1架構(gòu)區(qū)能夠抑制內(nèi)皮生長因子受體Raf、c-Src、EGF-R、MEK-1、G蛋白和ERK-2活性,而這些因子是激活p42/44MAPK及其下游核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子cyclin D、Fos、Jun的活化因子。在腫瘤發(fā)生過程中,Caveolin-1表達(dá)下降,則降低了Caveolin-1架構(gòu)區(qū)對(duì)這些活化因子的抑制,導(dǎo)致核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子活性異常增高,從而影響腫瘤的發(fā)生;另一方面,Caveolin-1可通過下調(diào) PDGF 受體及抑制 PI3K 通路抑制細(xì)胞生長,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡。而另外一部分學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Caveolin-1的高表達(dá)與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后不良密切相關(guān)[16],Caveolin-1通過下調(diào)凋亡抑制蛋白survivin的表達(dá),使得G2/M期細(xì)胞減少,增加細(xì)胞對(duì)凋亡的易感性,說明Caveolin-1不僅具有腫瘤抑制因子的作用,還具有促進(jìn)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的活性[17]。起初,Caveolin-1被認(rèn)為是抑癌基因,在正常肺部組織中高表達(dá),而在肺癌中表達(dá)下降,通過Caveolin-1的重新表達(dá)可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長。但也有研究證實(shí),Caveolin-1的高表達(dá)與腫瘤進(jìn)展和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān),Caveolin-1參與細(xì)胞增殖、新生血管生成,與腫瘤預(yù)后密切相關(guān),進(jìn)展期肺癌及有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的肺癌標(biāo)本中,Caveolin-1的表達(dá)升高可能與Caveolin-1架構(gòu)區(qū)外的氨基酸突變[18]或磷酸化相關(guān)。
本研究回顧性分析來我院就診的130例原發(fā)性肺癌患者,所有患者均行手術(shù)治療,取肺癌組織及癌旁正常肺組織進(jìn)行免疫組化,比較肺癌組織和正常肺組織及不同組織學(xué)類型肺癌組織、不同分期肺癌組織中Caveolin-1的表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示:Caveolin-1在正常肺組織的支氣管上皮細(xì)胞和肺泡上皮細(xì)胞中的陽性率為100.00%,顯著高于肺癌組織中的58.46%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;Caveolin-1在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的陽性率為61.67%,顯著高于小細(xì)胞肺癌中的20.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;Caveolin-1在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肺癌組織中的陽性率為47.37%,顯著低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的60.71%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;Caveolin-1在有淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移組中的陽性率顯著高于無淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;Caveolin-1在腺癌、鱗癌、大細(xì)胞癌中的表達(dá)無顯著差異。
綜上所述,Caveolin-1在不同類型、分期、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移的肺癌中表達(dá)不同[19],可作為評(píng)價(jià)肺癌轉(zhuǎn)移趨勢的指標(biāo),通過檢測Caveolin-1的表達(dá),可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)肺癌的早期診斷[19-20]、療效評(píng)價(jià)及預(yù)后判斷[21],為肺癌診斷和治療提供新思路。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-16)