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      抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5在結(jié)直腸癌中的表達(dá)及 臨床意義

      2019-01-09 07:05虞佳音王振李鑫楊宏杰張琳汪靜宇
      中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2019年33期
      關(guān)鍵詞:酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)結(jié)直腸癌免疫組化

      虞佳音 王振 李鑫 楊宏杰 張琳 汪靜宇

      [摘要] 目的 研究抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5(ACP5)在結(jié)直腸癌(CRC)中的表達(dá),并探討其臨床意義。 方法 采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)2017年1月~2018年4月35例結(jié)直腸癌患者和46例正常健康人血清中ACP5的水平;采用免疫組織化學(xué)(IHC)技術(shù)檢測(cè)160例CRC組織中ACP5蛋白的表達(dá)情況;采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)ACP5蛋白水平及臨床病理特征進(jìn)行評(píng)估。 結(jié)果 與正常健康對(duì)照組相比,結(jié)直腸癌患者血清ACP5水平明顯升高(P=0.0071);IHC結(jié)果顯示,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組伴隨ACP5高表達(dá)(P=0.003);統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果顯示,ACP5高表達(dá)的患者生存期較短(P=0.001),ACP5表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 ACP5有可能成為預(yù)測(cè)CRC淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移的標(biāo)志物,其在CRC組織中的表達(dá)是影響預(yù)后的不良因素。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] ACP5;結(jié)直腸癌;轉(zhuǎn)移標(biāo)志物;免疫組化;酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)

      [中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R735.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)33-0131-05

      [Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore its clinical significance. Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum ACP5 levels of 35 patients with colorectal cancer and 46 normal healthy individuals from January 2017 to April 2018. The immunohistochemical method (IHC) was used to detect the expression of ACP5 protein in 160 cases of CRC tissues. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the ACP5 protein levels and clinicopathological features. Results It was found by ELISA that the serum ACP5 levels in the patients with colorectal cancer were significantly elevated compared to those in the normal healthy controls(P=0.0071). It was found by IHC that the lymph node metastasis group was associated with high expression of ACP5(P=0.003). It was found by statistical analysis that the survival time was shorter for the patients with higher expression of ACP5 (P=0.001) and that ACP5 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion ACP5 may serve as a marker for predicting CRC lymphatic metastasis and that its expression in CRC tissue is an adverse factor affecting prognosis.

      [Key words] ACP5; Colorectal cancer; Metastatic marker; Immunohistochemistry; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

      根據(jù)《CA:臨床醫(yī)師癌癥雜志》2019年最新癌癥統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,大腸癌患者的新發(fā)病率和死亡率在男性和女性中均居第三位[1]。2017年中國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告顯示,結(jié)直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的發(fā)病率和死亡率持續(xù)上升。在我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化程度較高的地區(qū),結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率和死亡率甚至上升到第二位和第四位[2]。這些權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)表明,結(jié)直腸癌仍是人類(lèi)健康的主要威脅之一,結(jié)直腸癌的預(yù)防和控制問(wèn)題十分嚴(yán)峻。結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展與多種信號(hào)通路及相關(guān)基因有關(guān),然而,結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的分子機(jī)制還沒(méi)有完全了解。因此,研究抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5,ACP5)為結(jié)直腸癌的診斷、治療和預(yù)后提供理論依據(jù)尤為重要。

      近期研究表明,ACP5廣泛參與了乳腺癌、卵巢癌、惡性黑色素瘤和肺腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展[3-5]。然而,關(guān)于ACP5與結(jié)直腸癌之間關(guān)系的報(bào)道卻很少,ACP5在結(jié)直腸癌中的表達(dá)情況及其與結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的關(guān)系尚不明確。本研究中利用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)了結(jié)直腸癌患者和正常健康人血清中ACP5的水平,并利用免疫組織化學(xué)(immunohistochemical me-thod,IHC)技術(shù)檢測(cè)了結(jié)直腸癌組織中ACP5蛋白的表達(dá)情況,結(jié)合臨床病理特征進(jìn)行評(píng)估分析,探討ACP5的表達(dá)在結(jié)直腸癌中的臨床意義。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

      最近,ACP5在肝、膽、胃腸道惡性腫瘤中的作用開(kāi)始受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。Xia L等人[25]的研究表明,ACP5在肝癌組織中的表達(dá)明顯高于癌旁組織,其過(guò)表達(dá)與微血管浸潤(rùn)、分化差、TNM分期高有關(guān)。此外,ACP5陽(yáng)性HCC患者的預(yù)后較ACP5陰性HCC患者差。多因素生存分析顯示ACP5是術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)和低生存率的獨(dú)立且顯著的危險(xiǎn)因素。ACP5可以直接調(diào)控FoxM1的轉(zhuǎn)錄,促進(jìn)HCC的轉(zhuǎn)移。因此,ACP5可能是HCC患者預(yù)后的候選靶點(diǎn),并為其提供了新的治療靶點(diǎn)。Mikio K等[26]人在胃癌(GC)中對(duì)ACP5的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),ACP5在胃癌組織中的mRNA表達(dá)明顯高于癌旁配對(duì)組織。mRNA表達(dá)增加與淋巴結(jié)及腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān),ACP5表達(dá)是腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,預(yù)后較差。因此,ACP5是胃癌患者腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)測(cè)因子,可能在胃癌腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移中發(fā)揮重要作用。ACP5可能是胃癌腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后不良的標(biāo)志物。

      以上研究表明,ACP5在許多惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著一定的作用。然而,ACP5在結(jié)直腸癌中的作用卻鮮有報(bào)道。本研究采用免疫組織化學(xué)(IHC)方法探討ACP5與結(jié)直腸癌臨床病理特征的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,ACP5的表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌的直徑、部位、腫瘤類(lèi)型及分化程度無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。然而,ACP5的表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關(guān),ACP5表達(dá)高的患者易引起淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。此外,單因素生存分析顯示,高表達(dá)水平ACP5的結(jié)直腸癌患者的生存時(shí)間要短于低表達(dá)水平ACP5的結(jié)直腸癌患者。這一結(jié)果與最近的一項(xiàng)研究一致,該研究[27]也表明ACP5的高表達(dá)與CRC淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移呈正相關(guān)。

      考慮到ACP5是一種分泌蛋白,本研究也探討了ACP5是否可以作為結(jié)直腸癌的血清學(xué)標(biāo)志物。結(jié)果表明,結(jié)直腸癌患者血清ACP5水平明顯高于正常對(duì)照組。提示血清ACP5水平可作為CRC的血清學(xué)指標(biāo)。

      本研究提示ACP5作為癌基因可能在結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。ACP5的高表達(dá)可能會(huì)促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸癌的轉(zhuǎn)移,導(dǎo)致預(yù)后不良。血清中ACP5的檢測(cè)也提示ACP5可作為結(jié)直腸癌的血清學(xué)標(biāo)志物。本研究為進(jìn)一步研究ACP5的功能和機(jī)制提供了良好的理論基礎(chǔ),并為結(jié)直腸癌的早期診斷和個(gè)體化靶向治療提供新的可能。

      綜上所述,ACP5表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后不良呈正相關(guān)。ACP5可作為結(jié)直腸癌診斷、轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后的潛在預(yù)測(cè)因子,可能成為結(jié)直腸癌新的治療靶點(diǎn)。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Siegel RL,Miller K D,Jemal A. Cancer statistics,2019[J].CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians,2019,69(1):7-34.

      [2] Chen W,Zheng R,Zhang S,et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2013:An analysis based on urbanization level[J]. Journal of Clinical Immunology,2017,29(1):1-10.

      [3] Scott KL,Nogueira C,Heffernan TP,et al. Proinvasion metastasis drivers in early-stage melanoma are oncogenes[J]. Cancer Cell,2011,20(1):92-103.

      [4] Gao YL,Liu MR,Yang SX,et al. Prognostic significance of ACP5 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma[J]. The Clinical Respiratory Journal,2018,12(3):1100-1105.

      [5] Honig A,Rieger L,Kapp M,et al. Increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) expression in malignant breast,ovarian and melanoma tissue:An investigational study[J]. BMC Cancer,2006,6(1):199.

      [6] Wang Z,Ding M,Qian N,et al. Decreased expression of semaphorin 3D is associated with genesis and development in colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg Oncol,2017, 15(1):67.

      [7] Wu YY,Janckila AJ,Ku CH,et al. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b activity as a prognostic marker of survival in breast cancer with bone metastasis[J]. BMC Cancer,2010,10(1):158.

      [8] Zhang Q,Cao L,Miao XD,et al. Diagnostic value of TRACP5b expression in patients with bone tumors[J]. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents,2019,33(2):557-562.

      [9] Halleen JM,Alatalo SL,Janckila AJ,et al. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption[J]. Clinical Chemistry,2001,47(3):597-600.

      [10] Briggs TA,Rice GI,DalyS,et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase deficiency causes a bone dysplasia with autoimmunity and a type Ⅰ interferon expression signature[J].Nature Genetics,2011,43(2):127-131.

      [11] Ren X,Shan WH,Wei LL,et al. ACP5:Its structure,distribution,regulation and novel functions[J]. Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry,2018,18(8):1082-1090.

      [12] Briggs TA,Rice GI,Adib N,et al. Spondyloenchondrodysplasia due to mutations in ACP5:A comprehensive survey[J]. Journal of Clinical Immunology,2016,36(3):220-234.

      [13] Girschick H,Wolf C,Morbach H,et al. Severe immune dysregulation with neurological impairment and minor bone changes in a child with spondyloenchondrodysplasia due to two novel mutations in the ACP5 gene[J]. Pediatric Rheumatology,2015,13(1):37.

      [14] An J,Briggs TA,Dumax-Vorzet A,et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase deficiency in the predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Arthritis & Rheumatology,2016,69(1):131-142.

      [15] Capeller B,Caffier H,S?觔1/4Tterlin MW,et al. Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) 5b as serum marker of bone metastases in human breast cancer[J]. Anticancer Research,2003,23(2A):1011-1015.

      [16] Halleen JM. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5B is a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption[J]. Anticancer Research,2002,23(2A):1027-1029.

      [17] Lyubimova NV, Pashkov MV,Tyulyandin SA,et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer[J]. Bull Exp Biol Med,2004,138(7):77-79.

      [18] Tsu-Yi C,Jyh-Cherng Y,Chih-Hung K,et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a useful serum marker for extensive bone metastasis in breast cancer patients[J].Clinical Cancer Research,2005,11(2 Pt 1):544-550.

      [19] Yao NS,Wu YY,Janckila AJ,et al. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP5b) activity as a biomarker for bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients[J]. Clinica Chimica Acta,2011,412(1):181-185.

      [20] Zenger S,He W,Ek-Rylander B,et al. Differential expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoforms 5a and 5b by tumor and stromal cells in human metastatic bone disease[J]. Clin Exp Metastasis,2011,28(1):65-73.

      [21] Windrichova J,F(xiàn)uchsova R,Kucera R,et al. Testing of a novel cancer metastatic multiplex panel for the detection of bone-metastatic disease-a pilot study[J]. Anticancer Research,2016,36(4):1973-1978.

      [22] Lumachi F,Basso SMM,Camozzi V,et al. Bone turnover markers in women with early stage breast cancer who developed bone metastases. A prospective study with multivariate logistic regression analysis of accuracy[J]. Clinica Chimica Acta,2016,460(1):227-230.

      [23] Adams LM,Warburton MJ,Hayman AR. Human breast cancer cell lines and tissues express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)[J]. Cell Biology International,2013,31(2):191-195.

      [24] Reithmeier A,Panizza E,Krumpel M, et al. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP/ACP5)promotes metastasis-related properties via TGFβ2/TβR and CD44 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells[J]. BMC Cancer,2017,17(1):650.

      [25] Xia L,Huang W,Tian D,et al. ACP5,a direct transcriptional target of FoxM1,promotes tumor metastasis and indicates poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Oncogene,2013, 33(11):1395.

      [26] Mikio K,Koji T,Yuji T,et al. Clinical significance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type-5 expression in human gastric cancer[J]. Anticancer Research,2014,34(7):3425-3429.

      [27] Bian ZQ,Luo Y,Guo F,et al. Overexpressed ACP5 has prognostic value in colorectal cancer and promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis via FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway[J]. American Journal of Cancer Research,2019,9(1): 22-35.

      (收稿日期:2019-07-24)

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