Three Urban Cultures and Their Ideological Essence in Contemporary Western Capitalist Society——On Manuel Castells’ Marxist Critical Theory of Urban Culture……………………………WEN Quan（2）

To examining the ideological connotation of western urban culture in the radical context of Marx's social critical theory, is an important starting point for ManuelCastells to recognize the inherent symptoms of the developed capitalist system.For this purpose, he summed up three mainstream cultural forms that correspond to contemporary capital production and accumulation patterns.This includes, firstly, elite political culture, which is co-produced by capital neoliberalism and technical bureaucracy, is the exclusive domination of the urban development path and the order of mass communication; secondly, community isolation culture, which is closely related to the unbalanced development of capital geography and the regional concentration of social wealth, fragmentary modification of urban planning pattern and individual spatial identity; Thirdly, the network virtual culture, which is deeply influenced by the mechanism of capital knowledge updating and information media, weakens the purpose of urban social experience and the practice of everyday life. Obviously, they are the externalization of the dominant capitalist ideology in the modern urban landscape, and its essence is the transfer of capital logic to its structural crisis and the maintenance of the reproduction mechanism of alienated social relations.This undoubtedly, reflects a basic fact that the so-called western urban culture is actually a spatial expression of capital value exploitation and political oppression.

Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Development and Employment of Urban and Rural Labor Forces in the 70 Years of New China……………………………………………………………WU Qi-wen（34）

The relationship between economic development and employment of urban and rural labor force is different in historical stages of New China. In the early days of the founding of New China, Rural surplus labor is "invisibly"unemployed. China's large-scale industrial economic construction will inevitably lead to a large number of rural population migrating to cities and employment transfer. The large number of urban population left over from the old China has resutted in tremendous pressure on urban employment.Under the strategic guidance of giving priority to the development of heavy industry, the supply of urban consumer goods and employment are greatly restricted, and it is impossible to achieve full employment. After the reform and opening up, the demographic pressure has been successfully transformed into a demographic dividend. Since the beginning of the new century, China's economy has begun to transform into a capitaland technologyintensive medium and high-end industrial structure.With the acceleration of the aging population and the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend, it has become an inevitable choice to take the path of innovative development under the new normal of the economy, which requires accelerating the improvement of the level of human capital and achieving highquality economic development and achieve high employmentrate.

Autonomy, Rule of Law and Rule of Virtue: Building a New Pattern of Effective Rural Governance…………………………………………………………………………………………ZUO Ting & LI Zhuo（49）

Effective governance is the basis for rural revitalization. The modernization of rural governance is part of the modernization of national governance. The quality of rural governance is not only related to the healthy development of rural areas, but also reflects the level of national governance.Therefore, how to build an effective governance pattern of rural governance has become the core issue that rural governance must respond to in the new era. Local practice shows that in the process of building an effective governance system of modern rural society, the state must provide organizational basis and institutional guarantee, adhere to the principle of autonomy, stick to rule of law and with rule of virtue as the characteristics, to build a "three-in-one integration" of rural governance system, and realize the transformation from traditional single management to multiple cooperative governance. The judgment and structure of"three-in-one integration" is in line with the objective reality of rural governance in China, which helps to stimulate the vitality of rural governance and restore the autonomy of rural development.

The Practical Path and Institutional Innovation of "Governance Effectiveness" in Rural Revitalization——Analysis of the “321” Rural Governance Model Based on Hanyin County in Southern Shanxi……………………………………………………………………………………………LI Bo & YANG Shuo（55）

Governance Effectiveness is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy. It is the basic goal of realizing rural governance modernization and good governance, and plays an important role in improving rural governance capacity. The “321” rural governance model in Hanyin County of southern Shaanxi, is important exploration of“governance effectiveness”, has realized the transformation of the governance subject from the vertical integration of the ruling function to the vertical and horizontal integrated governance function. The focus of rural governance has been shift down and formed Multi-units governance structure; through the construction of autonomous platforms, the villagers' autonomy has been improve effectively; the rule of law as the guarantee has promoted the formation of the governance system of the three-in-one. Governance Effective as the basic goal of rural governance should have the characteristics of the coordination of governance subjects; the refinement of governance methods; the combination of governance methods and the modernization of governance objectives.

A Research on the Connection Between Targeted Poverty Alleviation and the Construction of Characteristic Towns…………………………………………………………………………YANG Jing-san & HE Jian-min（71）

Targeted poverty alleviation and characteristic town construction have inherent consistency and docking advantages in industrial cultivation, town construction, ecological protection and cultural improvem ent. Based on the analysis of the docking constraints of the two in the aspects of characteristic cultivation, resource allocation,policy support and public service, exploring the docking path of the two benign interactive development is of great significance to the realization of targeted poverty alleviation and the new victory of China's determination to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

Not Being Governeel as A way of Living………………………………………………………WANG Xiao-yi（89）

The Art of Not being Governed, which based on the South-East Asia, provide a new angle to see the subsistence strategies of hill peoples. They developed a complete strategy to escape from being integrated into the valley states.Their livelihood, politics and culture, were designed carefully for not being governed. The book argued with the traditional theory that see the hill peoples as uncivilized and constructed a new explanation on the relationship between the margindized minorities and the states. The book contributed to the issues on state making, and modernity, as well as the main stuay in political sciences and anthropology. The book stimulates readers to re-thinking the relationship of hill peoples and valley state before World War II as well as the relationship between the mainstream and alternative lifestyles in current societies. However, the book was weak in the systematic analysis on historical documents and conclusion simple in terms of the complexity and dynamics between the hill and the valley.

Relocating the monasteries down the mountains: retrieving social space through direct interactions——A complementary reflection on James Scott……………………………………………Zheng Shaoxiong（96）

Abstract: There have been a numbers of discussions in the academic world on James Scott’s monograph The Art of Not Being Governed since it was published in 2010.This article is mainly a complementary reflection. Based on case studies in Kham division of Tibetan cultural region, here I try to point out that the encounters between different ethnic groups and cultures, and between the state and the society do not necessarily manifest themselves as resistance, escape, or assimilations. Rather, human beings create the possibilities of negotiation, cooperation, and coexistence when they encounter each other. The Kangding Tusi (native chieftains) in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic, and today’s monasteries in the eastern part of Sichuan Kham region are such typical cases. Since the beginning of 21st century, the monasteries have been moving from the remote mountains to the locations that are near main traffic ways and communities in the valleys. On the one hand, one of the main purposes is to take the initiative to place themselves under the supervisions of local governments, so as to gain a higher degree of trust and a more relaxed space of management and development. On the other hand, through a couple of actions such as the re-establishment of the primary school, and the organization of the community's worship of the mountain-gods, monasteries successfully restore the historical community integration, reorganize the familiar ethnic community life, and maintain their cultural differences and self-sufficiency against the majority’s culture.

Imbalance and Amendment to the Criminal Legislation from the Perspective of System Theory……………………………………………………………………………XIONG Yong-ming & LIU Jie-jie（127）

The amendment of our country's criminal law has seen improved breakthroughs in terms of scientificity, timely needs and tightness, but there have also been a lot of legislative dissonance. The specific performance of the front lack legal norms, criminal punishment is imbalanced from time to time, internal rules of criminal law as well as criminal and non-criminal law do not coordinate between. There are objective and subjective reasons for the maladjustment of criminal legislation. Subjectively, it is due to the weak implementation of the systematic concept of legislation,the relative limitation of legislative technology and subjective knowledge of theory is insufficient. To enhance the coordination of criminal law legislation, we need to improve the level of criminal law amendment, strengthen legislative evaluation and strengthen the combing of criminal legislation.

Politics of Accountability Logic of Pressure-type System from the Perspective of Modern State Governance…………………………………………………………………………………MA Xue-song & WANG Hui（134）

From the perspective of modern state governance, examining the pressure-type system is likely to promoting the expansion of the research content and the deepening of theoretical interpretation, and then revealing the governance requirements and approaches of the pressure-type system. According to the components and coherent procedures of politics of accountability, we can investigate the accountability dilemmas of pressure-type system from four dimensions:the structure of power and accountability, the definition of responsibility, the mechanisms of calling to accountability,the measures of the accountability of supervision and guidance. In this regard, we should correctly treat different subjects on the basis of dividing the power-accountability relationships scientifically, strengthen the reconstruction of functions on the basis of promoting the conformity of public power with corresponding responsibilities, promote calling into accountability on the basis of coordinating rigidity and flexibility, decision-making and implementation, rules and performance, and realize the goal of the accountability of supervision and guidance on the basis of supervising and guiding the subjects to implement their respective tasks.

Junwang of Minority Surnames and Ethnic Integration in Medieval China……………LONG Cheng-song（153）

The establishment and collapse of Junwang(Surname place of origin ), especially that of Minority Surnames,began and ended with the medieval aristocratic society,was ofsignificance for ethnic identity and integration. Junwang of Minority Surnames ,occupying a certain proportion in the whole system, evan coming to rival Han people's Surnames,followed a real and a virtual making process, but had distinct recognition in different writing context and ethnic groups. As an integration of ethnicity geography or imaginary community, Junwang of Minority Surnames could be seen from the two models of “Luoyang Henan People” by Emperor Xiaowen and “Wuchuan compatriots” by Yu Wentai. There were many ways of identification and narrative modes in the process of the integration of Hu and Han in Medieval China, among which Junwang was an important part. The establishment, fabrication and convergence of Junwang of Minority Surnames in Medieval China were essentially the adjustment and integration of the relations between Hu and Han nationalities.

The Narrative and Significance of River Crisis in the Literature of forty Years in the New Era…………………………………………………………………………………………………JIANG Linxin（170）

In the process of modernization, China's ecological environment has been seriously damaged, in particular in recent decades, the river ecological crisis and cultural crisis have become increasingly prominent. Following the realistic literary tradition and paying close attention to real life problems, writers have focused their eyes on land and rivers, repeatedly writing about the sufferings, strugglings and rebirth in the torrential floods, ecological crises such as river pollution, diversion and drying up, as well as river cultural crises such as the collapingand extincting of traditional lifestyle, as well as local culture and national culture that thrived from rivers. A number of epics have sprung up, which are written for the earth, for the local people and for the rivers. Among them, there are recollections, lamentations,reflections and cries, which express the rich and profound river ecological distress of literature in the New Era, the nostalgia of local culture and the criticism of modern civilization. This is of great significance in the awakening of the ecological consciousness of contemporary literature, the return to realism and the pursuit of literary aesthetics.