山東 董明義

There be句型是英語中比較重要的句型之一，無論是在口語中還是在書面語中，其使用頻率都是很高的。在歷年的中考試題中，幾乎都會以不同形式或從不同角度考查該句型。

◎句型解密

There be句型主要用來表示“某處/某時有某人/某物”。There是引導詞，無實際意義；be是謂語動詞，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。

一、be的使用

1.當主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，be的形式為is/was。例如：

There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。

There was a dictionary on the desk just now.剛才桌子上有一本詞典。

There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。

2.當主語是復數(shù)名詞時，be的形式為are/were。例如：

There are 35 students in Class Three.三班有35名學生。

There were two balls under the desk yesterday.昨天書桌下面有兩個球。

3.當主語是由and連接的兩個或多個并列名詞時，be應(yīng)與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致，即采用“就近原則”。例如：

There is a new book and two pens in the schoolbag.書包里有一本新書和兩只鋼筆。

There are two pens and a new book in the schoolbag.書包里有兩只鋼筆和一本新書。

二、句式變化

There be句型變否定句時在be后加not，變一般疑問句時將be提到句首。如果句中有some，要把some變成any。There be句型的反意疑問句的附加問句用be（not）there。例如：

There is a purse on the desk.（改為否定句）→

There is not/isn't a purse on the desk.

There are some birds in the tree.（改為否定句）→

There are not/aren't any birds in the tree.

There were some bikes under the tree.（改為一般疑問句）→

Were there any bikes under the tree?

There are some flowers in the park.（改為一般疑問句）→

Are there any flowers in the park?

There are some newspapers on the desk.（改為反意疑問句）→

There are some newspapers on the desk，aren't there?

【知識拓展】

對There be句型中的各成分提問時，通常要按如下規(guī)律進行：

1.對主語提問。當主語是人時，用“Who+be+狀語?”；當主語是物時，用“What+be+狀語?”。不論原句中的主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，be一般都用單數(shù)形式。例如：

There are two beds in the room.→

What's in the room?

There was a boy in the pool.→

Who was in the pool?

2.對主語前表示量的定語提問時用“How many+主語 （可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）+are/were there+狀語?”或“How much+主語 （不可數(shù)名詞）+is/was there+狀語?”。例如：

There is only one orange in the box.→

How many oranges are there in the box?

There was a lot of coffee in the cup.→

How much coffee was there in the cup?

There is some beef in the fridge.→

How much beef is there in the fridge?

3.對地點狀語提問時，用“Where+be+主語?”。例如：

There is a hotel in front of the post office.→

Where is the post office?

三、There be句型的一般將來時

There be句型的一般將來時表示“在某時或某地將有某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“There will be+主語+狀語.”或“There be going to be+主語+狀語.”。 例如：

There will be a football game in our school next month.

=There is going to be a football game in our school next month.下個月我校將舉行一場足球賽。

There will be two math tests this month.

=There are going to be two math tests this month.本月將有兩次數(shù)學考試。

四、There be句型與have的區(qū)別

There be句型表示“某處/某時有某人/某物”，表示的是客觀存在；動詞have作“有”講時，表示某人或某物本身擁有，強調(diào)主觀擁有。當然，有時there be句型可與have相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

Tom has a watch.湯姆有一塊手表。

A week has seven days.

=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。

五、There be句型的其他用法

1.There be句型的主語是人時，后面常接動詞-ing形式作定語。例如：

Look！There are lots of kids playing games over there.看！有很多孩子在那邊做游戲。

There are some students playing soccer on the playground.有一些學生在操場上踢足球。

2.There be句型的主語是物時，后面常接動詞不定式作定語，動詞不定式常用主動形式表示被動意義。例如：

There is much work to do this weekend.這個周末有很多工作要做。

3.There be句型中也可用各種情態(tài)動詞，情態(tài)動詞要放在be的前面。例如：

There must be something wrong with the car.車肯定出毛病了。

There might still be some vacant seatsin the room.房間里可能還有空座位。

4.There be句型與其他詞連用。例如：

There used to be a farm on the hill.過去這座山上有一個農(nóng)場。

5.There be句型中的be動詞可以根據(jù)所表達的句意需要，用live、stand等動詞代替，表示“靜止；存在；有”等意思。例如：

Once there lived a clever old man.這里曾住過一位聰明的老人。

There stands the Monument to the People's Heroes at the center of the Tian'anmen Square.天安門廣場的中心矗立著人民英雄紀念碑。

◎真題鏈接

1.—What's in the picture?

—There_______a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.

【2017·銅仁中考題】

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

【答案與解析】A根據(jù)空白處前面的there及整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷答句考查There be句型，排除C、D項。當There be句型中有兩個或多個并列主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與第一個主語在數(shù)上保持一致。第一個主語（a teacher）是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用is。故選A項。

2.—Excuse me.Is there a bank near here?

—_______.It's just between my house and a post office.

【2018·湘西中考題】

A.Yes，it is

B.No，there isn't

C.Yes，there is

【答案與解析】C對There be句型的一般疑問句作肯定回答時，用“Yes，there be.”，作否定回答時用“No，there be not.”。根據(jù)答句后一個句子的意思“它就在我家和一所郵局之間”可判斷出空白處應(yīng)是肯定回答。故選C項。

3.There______a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.

【2018·烏魯木齊中考題】

A.is going to have

B.will have

C.is

D.is going to be

【答案與解析】D根據(jù)next month可知這是一個一般將來時態(tài)的句子。There be句型的一般將來時結(jié)構(gòu)為“There will be...”或“There is/are going to be...”， 其中的be不能用have替換。故選D項。

4.TheTVnewsreportsthat there________a storm the day after tomorrow.

【2018·臨沂中考題】

A.isB.was

C.will beD.has be

【答案與解析】C根據(jù)從句中的時間狀語the day after tomorrow可判斷，時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般將來時。There be句型的一般將來時可用“There will be...” 或 “There is/are going to be...”來表達。故選C項。

5.—_______thereanythingnewin today'sQianzhong Morning Daily?

—No.But there_______some inspiring stories worth reading.

【2017·安順中考題】

A.Is；isB.Are；are

C.Is；areD.Are；is

【答案與解析】C不定代詞anything作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式is；stories是復數(shù)形式，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復數(shù)形式are。故選C項。

6.There_______six countries inSCO（上海合作組織）at first，but now the number has increased to eight.

【2018·東營中考題】

A.isB.are

C.wereD.will be

【答案與解析】Cat first意為“最初”，指過去的時間，因此要用一般過去時態(tài)。故選C項。

7.—There are some boys______basketball over there.

—Let's go and join them.

【2016·恩施中考題】

A.are playing

B.playing

C.to play

【答案與解析】B根據(jù)句意“有一些男孩在那邊打籃球”可知，本題為“There be sb.doing sth.”句型。 故選B項。

◎自我檢測

Ⅰ.按要求改寫下列句子。每空一詞。

1.There are some pens on the desk.（改為否定句）

There__________pens on the desk.

2.Is there a kite in the sky?（作肯定回答）

Yes，______________.

3.There are three magazines on the table.（改為反意疑問句）

Therearethreemagazinesonthe table，____________?

4.Our school has thirty teachers.（改為同義句）

____________thirty teachers in our school.

5.One boy and two girls are in the room.（改為同義句）

____________one boy and two girls in the room.

Ⅱ.選擇正確的答案填空。

1.Nowadays，there_______more heroes in China.We admire them a lot.

A.isB.are

C.wasD.were

2.Let's save pandas！There_______only about 2，000 pandas living in the forests now.

A.areB.is

C.wereD.was

3.—What does he say?

—He says there_______a meeting tomorrow morning.

A.isB.has

C.will beD.will have

4.________a lot of rain in our hometown in summer.

A.There isB.There has

C.We haveD.We has

5.Hiscomputerdoesn'twork.There_______something wrong.

A.are going to be

B.are

C.must be

D.will have