江蘇河海大學(xué) 李勁松

海詞積累

1.hideous（Para.1）adj.令人厭惡的；非?？膳碌?/p>

His family was subjected to a hideous attack by the gang.他一家子遭到了匪幫的可怕襲擊。

2.chore（Para.1）n.日常事務(wù)；令人厭煩的任務(wù)

This is something of a chore and is quite easy to forget to do.這種事情有點(diǎn)繁雜，而且很容易忘記做。

3.scooter（Para.1）n.小型摩托車

On thescooterwe sang some of the old songs.在摩托車上，我們唱起了老歌。

4.slalom（Para.1）v.進(jìn)行障礙滑雪賽；曲折前進(jìn)

She drove with reckless speed，slalomingin and out of the stalled cars.她發(fā)瘋似的開(kāi)車，在拋錨的車輛間繞進(jìn)繞出。

5.ingredient（Para.2）n.成分；要素；因素

Investment in new product development is an essential ingredient of corporate success.注入資金開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品是公司成功的必要因素。6.offshoot（Para.2）n.（組織等的）分支；分支機(jī)構(gòu)

The company was originally anoffshootof Bell Telephone.該公司原本是貝爾電話公司的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)。

7.revenue（Para.3）n.（公司、機(jī)構(gòu)的）收益；收入

Strikes have cost￡20 million in lostrevenues.罷工造成的損失達(dá)2，000萬(wàn)英鎊。8.slaughter（Para.4）v.屠宰（動(dòng)物）

Lack of chicken feed means that chicken farms are having to slaughter their stock.飼料不足意味著養(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)將不得不宰殺雞。

9.jollity（Para.4）n.歡樂(lè)；歡鬧

a night of riotous jollity狂歡的夜晚

10.expat（Para.5）（short for expatriate）n. 居住在國(guó)外的人；僑民

Britishexpatsliving in Spain生活在西班牙的英國(guó)僑民11.vend（Para.5）v.售賣

I believe that those whovendthese computing systems and sell about 20 to 30 a year will find that the cloud becomes a new and more lucrative channel.我相信，對(duì)那些每年推銷20至30套數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，云計(jì)算將成為更具營(yíng)利性的經(jīng)營(yíng)途徑。

12.equivalent（Para.6）adj.等同的；等值的

a qualification which isequivalentto a degree相當(dāng)于學(xué)位的資歷

African cities are tasty markets for fooddelivery apps.The continent has 21 of the world's 30 fastest-growing urban areas，where an expanding middle class boasts smartphones and spare cash.These cities also havehideoustraffic，so it's achoreto drive a car to a restaurant.But deliveryscooterscanslalomthrough jams.

These were theingredientsthat made possible the rise of several food-deliverystart-upsin Africa.Jumia Food delivers meals to urban dwellers in 11 countries.In South Africa Mr D Foodcompetes withUber Eats，anoffshootof the Americanride-hailingapp.Tupuca has been bringing meals to residents of Angola's capital， Luanda， since 2016.

Like its peers Tupuca began by connecting hungry users with restaurants.Delivering prepared food stillaccounts formost of itsrevenue.The firm's 140 drivers make 17，000 deliveries a month for consumers who spend an average of$40 per order.Since October，however，users of the Tupuca app have begun to see other options alongside pizzas，burgers andsushi.They can buy coal， petrol， fruit and vegetables.Or they can purchase live animals，such as chickens （$7 for a big clucker， $5 for a middling one）， pigs （$124 and$103） or goats （$82 and$64）.

①To offer these animals，Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online，a start-up named after Mercado Roque Santeiro，a huge，open-air informal market in Luanda that was closed by the nanny state（保姆式國(guó)家）in2011.②Roque Online employs an army of runners whotrack downthe best produce.③They buy the goat， say， take it to a driver and， before too long， the animal is on its way to a party （where it will beslaughteredamid greatjollity）.

Erickson Mvezi， Tupuca's CEO， says the new feature is“breaking down barriers between informal and formal markets”.Luanda has asizeablemiddle class，plus plenty ofexpatsand a richelite.But it also has millions of poor people living inslumswedgedbetweenskyscrapers.More than a third of households have at least one person living by informal vending.Through Tupuca and Roque Online they can sell to more people.

In the West many peoplefretthat thegigeconomy encourages insecure work.But in sub-Saharan Africa，where the informal economy isequivalentto more than a third of GDP，about twice that in rich countries.By opening bigger markets for vendors，technology may help them grow richer，one goat at a time.No kidding.

——From The Economist

文本探究

探究視角1：語(yǔ)篇分析

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。非洲城市中產(chǎn)階級(jí)不斷擴(kuò)大，使得外賣行業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司不斷崛起。其中圖普卡軟件已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為用戶提供配送熟食以外的服務(wù)，客戶甚至可以下單買活的動(dòng)物，外賣員騎著輕便小車可以順利穿行送貨。新的技術(shù)打開(kāi)了更大的市場(chǎng)，這種零工對(duì)富人和窮人都有好處，促進(jìn)了非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)梳理：

典型段落段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

Para.4

句子序號(hào) 句義概括 句間關(guān)系① Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online. 段落主旨句② Roque Online tracks down the best produce. 主要措施③ The animal is sent to the consumer by the driver. 例證的細(xì)節(jié)

探究視角2：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)01 start-up品句會(huì)意/stɑ?t?p/n.初創(chuàng)企業(yè)Thousands and thousands of start-ups have poured into the computer market.成千上萬(wàn)家新成立的公司涌入了電腦市場(chǎng)。

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn) 品句會(huì)意02 ride-hailing/ra?dhe?l?? /n.打車服務(wù)Since new regulations on ride-hailing services have come into force across China,drivers have been applying for the accreditation examination.自從網(wǎng)約車服務(wù)的新規(guī)定在中國(guó)生效起，網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)已經(jīng)在申請(qǐng)認(rèn)證考試。03 sushi /'su??i/n.壽司a sushi bar壽司店04 sizeable /'sa?z?bl/adj.相當(dāng)大的a sizeable amount of money數(shù)目可觀的一筆錢05/e?'li?t/n.(社會(huì))精英；上層人士In these countries,only the elite can afford an education for their children.在這些國(guó)家里，只有上層人士才供得起子女上學(xué)。elite 06 slum /sl?m/n.（城市中的）貧民窟；貧民區(qū)She was brought up in the slums of Leeds.她是在利茲的貧民區(qū)長(zhǎng)大的。07 wedge /wed?/v.把……擠入The phone was wedged under his chin.電話夾在他下巴下面。08 skyscraper/'ska?skre?p?（r）/n.摩天大樓The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大樓高聳入云。09 fret /fret/v.苦惱；焦慮不安She's always fretting about the children.她老是為孩子發(fā)愁。10 gig /ɡ?ɡ/n.（尤指臨時(shí)的）工作；零工a gig as a basketball coach臨時(shí)籃球教練11 compete with They found themselves competing with foreign companies for a share of the market.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在與外國(guó)公司爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng)份額。12 account for占（一定數(shù)量或比例）Afro-Americans account for 12%of the US population.非裔美國(guó)人占美國(guó)人口的12%。13 team up with合作；（與某人）結(jié)成一隊(duì)You can team up with one other class member if you want.如果你愿意的話，可以找一個(gè)同學(xué)組成一組。14 track down追蹤到；追查到I finally managed to track down the book you wanted in a shop near the station.我終于在車站附近的一家店里找到了你想要的那本書(shū)。

Ⅱ.詞匯拓展

一、近義詞

1.zigzag v.作之字形行進(jìn)；曲折進(jìn)行（n.之字形；鋸齒紋）

slalom v.進(jìn)行障礙滑雪賽；曲折前進(jìn)（n.障礙滑雪賽）

e.g.The path zigzagged down the hillside.小路沿著山坡蜿蜒而下。

e.g.Once， before any of us kids had a license， we spent an entire afternoon piloting someone's old car in reverse，trying to slalom between the trees in a field.一次，我們這幫小孩都還沒(méi)拿到駕照的時(shí)候，我們用人家的老轎車倒了一整個(gè)下午車，試著在一片田野的樹(shù)木間穿來(lái)穿去。

2.chore n.日常事務(wù)；令人厭煩的任務(wù)

errand n.差事；跑腿

e.g.Shopping is a real chore for me.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，購(gòu)物真是件苦差。

e.g.He often runs errands for his grandmother.他經(jīng)常給他的祖母跑腿兒。

二、形近詞

revenue n.（公司、機(jī)構(gòu)的）收益；收入revenge n.報(bào)復(fù)；報(bào)仇

e.g.advertising revenue廣告收入

e.g.She wanted revenge for the insult.她想報(bào)受辱之仇。

三、詞的發(fā)音

一個(gè)詞同時(shí)是名詞和動(dòng)詞:凡是兩個(gè)音節(jié)的，名詞（往往是抽象名詞）重音都在第一音節(jié)，動(dòng)詞重音都在第二音節(jié)。

e.g.conduct n./'k?nd?kt/舉止；行為

v./k?n'd?kt/執(zhí)行；組織

produce n./'pr?dju?s/農(nóng)產(chǎn)品

v./pr?'dju?s/引起；生產(chǎn)

凡是三個(gè)音節(jié)以上的抽象名詞重音都在倒數(shù)第二個(gè)音節(jié)。

e.g.comprehension/,k?mpr?'hen?n/n.理解力

derivation/der?'ve??n/n.起源；由來(lái)

如果不是抽象名詞，則重音不一定在倒數(shù)第二個(gè)音節(jié)。

e.g.derivative/d?'r?v?t?v/n.派生物；衍生品；派生詞

Ⅲ.難句分析

1.To offer these animals， Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online， a start-up named after Mercado Roque Santeiro， a huge， open-air informal market in Luanda that was closed by the nanny state in 2011.

句子主干是 “Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online.”,To offer these animals是不定式表目的，a startup是Roque Online的同位語(yǔ);named after Mercado Roque Santeiro是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)， 修飾a start-up；a huge，open-air informal market in Luanda是Mercado Roque Santeiro的同位語(yǔ)，that was closed by the nanny state in 2011是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾market。從這個(gè)例句可以看出，英文句子中往往用同位語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋一個(gè)東西，而不全用定語(yǔ)從句，更不常用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在句子后面解釋。

2.More than a third of households have at least one person living by informal vending.

句子主干是 “More than a third of households have at least one person.”，living by informal vending是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾one person。household指一個(gè)家庭，同住一所房子的人，也可指家務(wù);還可作形容詞，指家喻戶曉的。

e.g.Today，fashion designers are household names.如今，時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師們家喻戶曉。

探究視角3：文化拓展

“非洲巴西”——安哥拉

安哥拉共和國(guó)，簡(jiǎn)稱安哥拉，位于非洲西南部，首都羅安達(dá)，西濱大西洋，北及東北鄰剛果民主共和國(guó)，南鄰納米比亞，東南鄰贊比亞，另有一塊外飛地（指某國(guó)家擁有一塊與本國(guó)分離開(kāi)來(lái)的領(lǐng)土，該領(lǐng)土被其他國(guó)家包圍，則該領(lǐng)土稱為某國(guó)的外飛地）卡賓達(dá)省與剛果共和國(guó)、剛果民主共和國(guó)相鄰。

安哥拉經(jīng)濟(jì)以農(nóng)業(yè)和礦產(chǎn)為主，也有煉油工業(yè)，主要分布于卡賓達(dá)的濱海地帶。食品加工、造紙、水泥及紡織等工業(yè)也比較成熟。安哥拉的經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力非常高，它很有潛力成為將來(lái)非洲最富裕的一個(gè)國(guó)家。作為葡萄牙曾經(jīng)的屬地，其有“非洲的巴西”之稱。安哥拉國(guó)力因石油生產(chǎn)而快速成長(zhǎng)。該國(guó)地大物博，國(guó)土富饒，未開(kāi)發(fā)的資源十分豐富，沿岸共蘊(yùn)藏了超過(guò)131億桶的石油，內(nèi)陸也有鉆石出產(chǎn)。隨著非洲中產(chǎn)階層人數(shù)不斷壯大，非洲零售業(yè)的供需關(guān)系正在發(fā)生變化。非洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行數(shù)據(jù)顯示，撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)中產(chǎn)階層人數(shù)已增至約3.5億人，其中南非、肯尼亞、加納和安哥拉的中產(chǎn)階層人數(shù)最多。安哥拉兔（Angora）是世界著名的毛用型兔品種，長(zhǎng)毛兔的一種，其毛發(fā)濃密細(xì)長(zhǎng)。

參考譯文

安哥拉一款能送活羊上門的外賣軟件

非洲城市是外賣軟件發(fā)展的一片沃土。世界上發(fā)展最快的30個(gè)城市中，有21個(gè)在這塊大陸上。這些城市帶動(dòng)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)不斷擴(kuò)大，智能手機(jī)飛速普及，人們手里的閑錢也越來(lái)越多。但與此同時(shí)，市區(qū)交通擁堵嚴(yán)重，不大容易開(kāi)車去餐館，但外賣員騎著輕便小車可以順利穿行。

正是這些因素使得外賣行業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司能在非洲崛起?？⊙攀称饭緸?1個(gè)國(guó)家的城市居民配送外賣。在南非，D先生食品甚至能與優(yōu)步（美國(guó)叫車軟件）旗下的優(yōu)食相比肩。自2016年以來(lái)，圖普卡一直為安哥拉首都羅安達(dá)的居民配送食物。

像他的同行一樣，圖普卡也是開(kāi)餐館來(lái)吸引饑餓的顧客，配送外賣仍然是它的主要收入來(lái)源。該公司的140名司機(jī)每月為消費(fèi)者送貨1.7萬(wàn)件，平均每個(gè)訂單40美元。不過(guò)，自去年10月以來(lái)，圖普卡軟件已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為用戶提供比薩、漢堡和壽司以外的服務(wù)。他們可以買煤、汽油、水果和蔬菜，也可以購(gòu)買活的動(dòng)物，例如雞（大只的7美元，中等的5美元）、豬（124美元，103美元）或山羊（82美元，64美元）。

為了購(gòu)進(jìn)這些活物，圖普卡與洛克在線合作。洛克在線是以羅安達(dá)的洛克·桑塔若集市命名的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司。這是一個(gè)巨大的非正規(guī)露天市場(chǎng)，2011年被安哥拉這個(gè)保姆式的國(guó)家關(guān)閉了。洛克在線雇用了一群人追蹤質(zhì)量最好的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。比如說(shuō)，他們買羊以后交給一個(gè)司機(jī)，不久以后，這只羊就被送去聚餐的飯桌上了（人是喜氣洋洋，羊則嗚嗚待宰）。

圖普卡首席執(zhí)行官埃里克森·姆韋茲表示，公司推出的這項(xiàng)新功能“打破了非正式和正式市場(chǎng)之間的壁壘”。羅安達(dá)有龐大的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，外加大量外籍人士和富裕的精英階層，但它也有數(shù)百萬(wàn)窮人住在摩天大樓間的貧民窟里。超過(guò)三分之一的家庭中，至少有一人靠非正式的售貨渠道生活。通過(guò)圖普卡和洛克在線，他們可以吸引更多的顧客。

在西方，許多人擔(dān)心打零工會(huì)讓部分人的工作更不穩(wěn)定。但是在撒哈拉以南的非洲地區(qū)，非正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的三分之一以上，大約是富裕國(guó)家的兩倍。技術(shù)為供應(yīng)商打開(kāi)了更大的市場(chǎng)，讓他們更富有。一次一只羊，不帶玩笑的。