楊柳 南雄雄 王昊 康超
摘 ? ?要:為了探究水肥一體化技術(shù)對葉用枸杞產(chǎn)量及養(yǎng)分利用率的影響,本文以葉用枸杞‘寧杞9號為試驗材料,研究了常規(guī)溝灌施肥(CK),水肥一體化施肥(T1),水肥一體化減量施肥(灌水量、施肥量均為水肥一體化施肥的80%,T2)3種灌溉施肥方式對葉用枸杞產(chǎn)量、水分利用率、養(yǎng)分利用率及經(jīng)濟效益的影響。結(jié)果表明,水肥一體化技術(shù)在施肥量和灌水量均低于傳統(tǒng)施肥的條件下,T1、T2 的產(chǎn)量分別比CK提高了69.3%和4.6%,水分利用率分別提高了150.6%和93.1%,氮磷鉀吸收率分別比CK提高了14.52,5.72,16.65個百分點和1.10,0.96,2.81個百分點,每公頃的經(jīng)濟效益分別增加了91 217元和8 730元,產(chǎn)投比分別提高了72.3%和33.0%。綜合而言,水肥一體化技術(shù)可提高葉用枸杞的產(chǎn)量、水分和養(yǎng)分利用率以及經(jīng)濟效益,其中以水肥一體化施肥(T1,即N 496.05 kg·hm-2、P 483.2 kg·hm-2、K 342.15 kg·hm-2)效果最好。
關(guān)鍵詞:水肥一體化技術(shù);葉用枸杞;產(chǎn)量;養(yǎng)分利用率
中圖分類號:S567;S147 ? ? ? ? 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? ? ? ?DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.06.014
Abstract:To explore the effect of integration technology of water and fertilizer on yield and nutrient utilization of leaf utilization wolfberry, the experiment was conducted with 'Ningqi 9' as the experimental material, three treatments were designed, including conventional irrigation and fertilizer (CK), the integration of water and fertilizer (T1), and 80% reduction fertilizer (T2), the yield, water utilization efficiency, nutrient utilization and the economic benefits of leaf-used wolfberry were analyzed. The results showed that comparing with CK, the integration treatment of water and fertilizer (T1, T2) had fewer amount of fertilizer and water, but the yield of T1 and T2 was increased by 69.3% and 4.6% , the water utilization efficiency was increased by 150.6% and 93.1%, the N, P, K uptake were increased by 14.52,5.72,16.65 and 1.10,0.96,2.81 percentage points, the economic benefits per hectare were increased by 91 217 yuan and 8 730 yuan, the input-output ratio was increased by 72.3% and 33.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the integrated technology improved the yield, water utilization efficiency, leaf-used Chinese wolfberry nutrient utilization efficiency and economic benefits, in which T1 treatment (N 496.05 kg·hm-2, P 483.2 kg·hm-2, K 342.15 kg·hm-2) had the best effects.
Key words: integration technology of water and fertilizer; leaf utilization wolfberry; yield; nutrient utilization
葉用枸杞又稱菜枸杞,屬茄科枸杞屬多年生落葉灌木[1-3],在本草綱目中枸杞的嫩莖葉被稱為“天精草”,是一味重要的中藥,性涼味甘苦,具有清熱止渴、清火名目、抗衰老之功效[4]。枸杞葉片含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)、維生素、氨基酸和微量元素等多種營養(yǎng)成分,還含有多糖、甜菜堿、黃酮類化合物、生物堿等多種活性物質(zhì),具有很高的營養(yǎng)保健價值,其可做蔬菜,也可做茶[5-8],是一種“藥食同源”功能型保健蔬菜。葉用枸杞不開花結(jié)果,只采收葉芽作為食用部分,葉芽必須保持鮮嫩、無木質(zhì)化,其整個生育期必須保證充足的水分和養(yǎng)分,故合理施肥管理是關(guān)鍵。傳統(tǒng)種植模式,大水大肥,不利于作物生長且浪費資源和污染環(huán)境,目前國家頒布了“一控兩減三基本”的相關(guān)法規(guī)政策,“十三五”期間提出化肥零增長,倡導(dǎo)水肥一體化技術(shù)的推廣。水肥一體化技術(shù)又稱灌溉施肥技術(shù),是一種節(jié)水、節(jié)肥、高產(chǎn)、高效的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)[9-10],是在滴灌條件下,根據(jù)土壤的水分和養(yǎng)分情況,按照作物的需水需肥規(guī)律,將水肥溶液直接輸送到作物根系范圍的土壤中,供作物吸收[11],不會破壞土壤結(jié)構(gòu),土壤內(nèi)部水肥氣熱保持適宜作物生長的狀態(tài),滲漏損失小,從而大大提高了水和肥的利用效率[12-13]。水肥一體化技術(shù)實現(xiàn)了資源利用的最大化、經(jīng)濟效益最大化以及產(chǎn)量最大化。