劉鈺琪 陳澄 陳周 余小月 沈碩 李沛 熊善柏
摘 要:以冷凍魚糜為原料,采用兩段式加熱方式制備魚糜凝膠,測定添加FA02、FA28、KK02、FA31 4 種酵母提取物魚糜凝膠的穿刺特性、質地剖面分析參數、色度、持水性、氣味特征、滋味特征及感官評分,研究酵母提取物種類對魚糜凝膠品質的影響。結果表明:在魚糜中添加1%的酵母提取物可提高魚糜凝膠的破斷強度、凹陷深度、硬度和咀嚼性,顯著改善其氣味、滋味和總體可接受性,但會降低魚糜凝膠的白度和色澤評分;感官評價、電子鼻和電子舌分析可知,添加酵母提取物可明顯降低魚糜凝膠的異味(腥味及過熟味),其中酵母提取物KK02去異味的效果最好,具有增強魚糜凝膠鮮味、降低其酸味和咸味的作用。
關鍵詞:酵母提取物;冷凍魚糜;凝膠特性;持水性;風味;感官特性
Abstract: Surimi gels were prepared by from frozen silver carp surimi by two-stage heating. The effects of different types of yeast extract (FA02, FA28, KK02, FA31) on the mechanical properties (texture profile analysis and puncture test), color and water-holding capacity of the surimi gel were studied, as well as on odor characteristics, taste characteristics and sensory scores. The results showed that the addition of 1% yeast extract could improve the breaking force, penetration distance, hardness and chewiness of silver carp surimi gels, significantly improved odor, taste and sensory scores, but lowered whiteness and sensory color score. Sensory evaluation combined with the responses of electronic nose and tongue showed that yeast extract could reduce the off-flavor and warmed-over flavor of surimi gels evidently, with KK02 being more effective than any other types. KK02 also increased the umami of surimi gels, and lower sourness and saltiness.
Keywords: yeast extract; frozen surimi; gel properties; water-holding capacity; flavor; sensory characteristics
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190313-053
中圖分類號:TS254.5? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1001-8123(2019)05-0001-06
引文格式:
劉鈺琪, 陳澄, 陳周, 等. 酵母提取物對魚糜凝膠品質的影響[J]. 肉類研究, 2019, 33(5): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190313-053.? ? http://www.rlyj.net.cn
LIU Yuqi, CHEN Cheng, CHEN Zhou, et al. Effect of yeast extract on properties of surimi gel[J]. Meat Research, 2019, 33(5): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190313-053.? ? http://www.rlyj.net.cn
魚糜制品是我國深受消費者喜愛的傳統水產食品,是以魚糜(或冷凍魚糜)、食鹽、淀粉等為原料,經擂潰、成型、加熱等制得的彈性凝膠食品的總稱[1-2]。凝膠性能、持水性、滋味和氣味等是評價魚糜凝膠品質的主要指標[3-4]。魚糜在生產過程中常需經過多次漂洗,導致游離氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、呈味肽等水溶性呈味物質的大量流失[5-6],使魚糜制品鮮味不足[7]。淡水魚糜制品在熟化過程中還會因脂質受熱氧化產生過熟味(warmed-over flavor)[8-9],魚糜中殘留的腥異味物質也會對魚糜制品的風味品質產生不利影響[10-12],如何改善淡水魚糜凝膠的風味是淡水魚糜制品生產中需要解決的關鍵技術問題。
酵母提取物作為一種食品配料不僅含有豐富的氨基酸、肽及核苷酸等化合物[13],而且具有良好的增鮮、增香作用[14-15],已被廣泛應用于食品中。然而,關于酵母提取物用于改善魚糜制品風味、去除魚腥味的研究尚未見報道。本研究以白鰱魚糜為研究對象,研究酵母提取物種類對魚糜凝膠穿刺特性、質地剖面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)參數、色度、持水性、氣味及滋味的影響,明確酵母提取物對魚糜凝膠的去腥、增鮮作用,以期為高品質魚糜制品的開發(fā)提供參考。