朱文一

人們對(duì)時(shí)間的感知通常以自然現(xiàn)象為參照，春夏秋冬為一年，日落日出為一天。不過這樣的時(shí)間感知往往讓人們忽略時(shí)間，所謂年復(fù)一年、日復(fù)一日，時(shí)間好像停止了。人們似乎生活在一個(gè)靜止時(shí)間的空間里。在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧老城區(qū)，有一處著名的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道（Arcos da Lapa）。過去的輸水道功能變成了今天的輕軌線路。對(duì)比1822年畫中的輸水道和今天的輸水道遺址，可以看到明顯的地面上升,過去上長下短的空洞變成了現(xiàn)狀的下長上短的形式（圖1）。這是地質(zhì)學(xué)意義上的時(shí)間觀念，以百年、千年及萬億年為單位的時(shí)間。以這樣的時(shí)間觀念來“感知”周邊環(huán)境，如同科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道，地面也在不知不覺中增高。

競賽選址科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道前的拉帕廣場，要求設(shè)計(jì)一處350m2的公共服務(wù)空間，包括游客信息中心、紀(jì)念品商店、咖啡交流空間以及輔助服務(wù)空間。與科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道及周邊環(huán)境的關(guān)系，成為設(shè)計(jì)競賽面臨的最主要挑戰(zhàn)。朱文一工作室提交的“點(diǎn)景”設(shè)計(jì)方案在再現(xiàn)遺產(chǎn)、視錯(cuò)覺、建造等方面作了積極探索。

第一，如何再現(xiàn)150年前科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道的風(fēng)采？“點(diǎn)景”方案借鑒3D街頭畫視錯(cuò)覺藝術(shù)的方式設(shè)計(jì)場地廣場（圖2），在一個(gè)視點(diǎn)上再現(xiàn)了科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道歷史遺產(chǎn)完整橋洞的情景。這樣的方式既完全保證了對(duì)現(xiàn)存歷史遺產(chǎn)的尊重和保護(hù)，又為市民和游客創(chuàng)造了一處有趣的“到此一游”景點(diǎn)。

第二是建筑設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合視錯(cuò)覺。從“點(diǎn)景”處以凡人視角看建筑，建筑的主體部分消失在其背后的柯斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道歷史遺跡之中。這是因?yàn)檎ㄖ牧⒚?、屋頂和室?nèi)家具設(shè)計(jì)都是遵循視錯(cuò)覺原理設(shè)計(jì)的。帶有變形拱廊的立面（圖3）、具有方向感肌理的屋頂（圖4）以及不規(guī)則形狀的室內(nèi)家具（圖5）展示出時(shí)空的錯(cuò)位。

第三是建造的簡易性。占地22m×22m面積484m2的建筑為市民和游客提供了信息中心、160座咖啡廳、紀(jì)念品商店以及酒吧等公共活動(dòng)場所。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和玻璃使建筑非常容易建造，符合臨時(shí)性建筑的設(shè)計(jì)要求。

“點(diǎn)景”方案充分挖掘和展現(xiàn)了拉帕廣場的歷史文化潛力，同時(shí)探索了視錯(cuò)覺建筑的可能性（圖6—圖8）。

圖1 / Figure 1歷史遺產(chǎn)阿科斯達(dá)拉帕輸水道 A 1822 B 現(xiàn)狀 / Historic Heritage Arcos da Lapa A 1822 B Present / Souce: [AC-CA]TM

圖2 / Figure 2基于3D街頭畫視錯(cuò)覺的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思Concept of Design Based on illusion of 3D Anamorphic Painting

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

Perception of time is usually based on natural phenomena. Spring, summer, autumn and winter from one year, and sunset and sunrise from one day.However, such time perception often makes people ignore time. Time seems to stop. People seem to live in a space of still time. In the old town of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, there is a famous historic and cultural heritage of the Arcos da Lapa. Past waterway functions have become today’s light rail lines.Comparing the waterways in the 1822 paintings with today’s waterway sites, you can see a clear rise in the ground. In the past, the short and long hollows have become the long and short form of the status quo (Figure 1). This is a time concept in the geological sense, in terms of centuries, millenniums and trillions of years. With such a sense of time to “perceive” the surrounding environment,like the Costa Rapa waterway, the ground is also unconsciously increased.

The competition site on Lapa Square in front of the Costa Rapa waterway requires the design of a 350m2public service space, including a tourist information center, a souvenir shop, a coffee exchange space and an auxiliary service space. The relationship with the Costa Rapa waterway and the surrounding environment has become the main challenge facing the design competition. The proposal “Point View” submitted by ZHUWENYI Studio has actively explored the reproduction of heritage, optical illusion and construction.

First, how to represent the style of the Costa Rapa waterway 150 years ago? The proposal “Point View” draws on the 3D street painting to design the venue square (Figure 2), which reproduces the complete bridge hole of the Costa Rapa‘s historic heritage. This approach not only fully respects and protects the existing historical heritage, but also creates an interesting “Best Viewpoint” attraction for the city residents and tourists.

The second is the architectural design combined with optical illusion. From the point of view, the building is viewed from eye level, and the main part of the building disappears into the historic remains of the Costa Rapa waterway.Because the fa?ade, roof and interior furniture design of the entire building are designed according to the principle of optical illusion. Facades with deformed arcades, roofs with directional textures and irregularly shaped interior furniture show the dislocation of time and space (Fig. 3).

The third is the simplicity of construction. The 22m×22m and 484m2building provides public and tourist information centers, 160-seat cafe, souvenir shops and bars. Light steel construction and glass make the building very easy to construct and meet the design requirements of temporary buildings.

The proposal “Point View” demonstrates the historic and cultural potential of Lapa Square while exploring the possibilities of optical illusion buildings.

圖片來源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均除注明外為朱文一工作室提供

All figures except mentioned are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

圖3 / Figure 3立面圖Elevation

圖4 / Figure 4軸側(cè)圖Axonometric

圖5 / Figure 5平面圖Plan

圖6 / Figure 6拉帕廣場現(xiàn)狀Today's Lapa Square

圖7 / Figure 7點(diǎn)景設(shè)計(jì)方案Proposal ViewPoint