徐小紅
從前,一個小村子里有座漂亮的花園,春天鮮花盛開,夏天綠樹成蔭,秋天鮮果飄香,冬天白雪一片。村里的小動物們都喜歡到這里來玩。今天,小兔一家來這里野餐。
看,可愛的小兔正在幫媽媽一起鋪野餐墊:
小兔:哇,好多好吃的東西??!都是我愛吃的呢,an apple,a peach,a bread ...
兔媽媽:我的小乖乖!A bread?你確定?
小兔:是呀,怎么啦?我說錯了嗎?One,two,three ...
兔媽媽:Bread是不可數名詞,它是不可以直接用量詞來修飾的。我們可以用some bread來表達“一些面包”的意思。比如:
1. I brought some bread this morning. 今天早上我?guī)Я艘恍┟姘?/p>
2. Would you like some bread?你想要一些面包嗎?
第一個句子是肯定句,第二個句子是希望得到對方肯定回答的疑問句,表達“一些”都是用some,當然,如果遇到否定句和一般疑問句,我們就要用any啦。比如:
1. There isn’t any bread on the table. 桌上沒有面包。
2. Was there any bread in the cupboard? 碗櫥里有面包嗎?
小兔:這個我懂啊,但是我就是想不通,這明明就是“一個面包”啊,為什么就不能數呢?
兔媽媽:傻孩子!不可數名詞就是不能直接數的,但是我們可以這么表達:
一個面包 a loaf of bread 兩個面包 two loaves of bread ...
一片面包 a piece of bread 兩片面包 two pieces of bread ...
小兔:復數形式用在了量詞上!我又想到一個詞:rice(米;米飯)。
一些米 some rice
一碗米 a bowl of rice 兩碗米 two bowls of rice ...
一袋米 a bag of rice 兩袋米 two bags of rice ...
一千克米 a kilo of rice 兩千克米two kilos of rice ...
兔媽媽:寶貝真聰明啊,一點就通!一些常用的表示數量的短語,要努力記住它們哦!
a piece of 一片 a loaf of 一個 a bar of 一條
a cup of 一杯 a glass of 一杯(玻璃杯)
a bowl of 一碗 a bottle of 一瓶
a kilo of 一千克 a tin of 一罐
a pound of 一磅 half a pound of 半磅
小兔:現在我想起您前幾天放在桌子上的那張購物單了。原來都是這類用法的!
A piece of cheese. 一塊乳酪。 A loaf of bread. 一個面包。
A bar of soap. 一塊肥皂。 A bar of chocolate. 一塊巧克力。
A bottle of milk. 一瓶牛奶。 A pound of sugar. 一磅糖。
Half a pound of coffee. 半磅咖啡。 A tin of beer. 一聽啤酒。
兔媽媽:對呀,這就是生活中的學問!其實,不只是不可數名詞可以通過量詞來數,可數名詞也可以的。比如:
一包土豆 a package of potatoes 兩包土豆 two packages of potatoes ...
一串香蕉 a hand of bananas 兩串香蕉 two hands of bananas ...
一串葡萄 a bunch of grapes 兩串葡萄 two bunches of grapes ...
學到了新本領,小兔迫不及待地跑向兔爸爸。此時,兔爸爸正在河邊釣魚。
小兔:爸爸,媽媽剛剛教我不可數名詞的知識了,我都聽懂了,厲害吧!
兔爸爸:很好啊,那你用英語說說看“一條魚!兩條魚!三條魚!……河里有許多魚!”
小兔:One fish! Two fishes! Three fishes!... There are a lot of fishes in the river!
兔爸爸:哈哈,我就知道你會上當!Fish是個特殊的詞,它既可數,又不可數。
小兔:這個怎么理解啊?
兔爸爸:Fish理解為“魚的條數”時,是沒有復數形式的;如果理解為“魚的種類”,是有復數形式的。還記得《One Fish,Two Fish,Red Fish,Blue Fish》這首兒歌嗎?
One fish,two fish,red fish,blue fish.
Black fish,blue fish,old fish,new fish.
This one has a little star.
This one has a little car.
Say! What a lot of fish there are!
Yes. Some are red. And some are blue.
Some are old. And some are new.
Some are sad. And some are glad.
And some are very very bad.
Why are they sad and glad and bad?
I do not know. Go ask your dad.
Some are thin. And some are fat.
The fat one has a yellow hat.
From there to here,from here to there,
funny things are everywhere...
小兔:哦,一條魚!兩條魚!三條魚!……河里有許多魚!
One fish! Two fish! Three fish! ... There are a lot of fish in the river!
兔爸爸:生活中特殊的詞有很多,可數和不可數并不是那么絕對的。比如:
ice cream,ice creams
cake,cakes
chocolate,chocolates
cabbage,cabbages
lettuce,lettuces
chicken,chickens
小兔:這真是應了“學無止境”這句話啊,單單不可數名詞就有這么多相關的內容。
兔爸爸:誰說不是啊!fish在表示“魚的條數”的時候,復數仍然是fish,類似的詞還有sheep(綿羊)、deer(鹿)等。
小兔:看來,我得好好學習才行?。?/p>