李卉嬪

2017年5月13日，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平會(huì)見(jiàn)來(lái)華出席“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇的匈牙利總理歐爾班，雙方共同宣布兩國(guó)建立全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。同年，中匈雙邊貿(mào)易額創(chuàng)歷史新高，達(dá)101.4億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)14.1%。作為第一個(gè)與中國(guó)簽署“一帶一路”相關(guān)備忘錄的歐洲國(guó)家，匈牙利與中國(guó)在經(jīng)貿(mào)、投資、金融、人文等領(lǐng)域合作亮點(diǎn)紛呈。對(duì)此，本刊記者專訪了匈牙利駐華大使白思諦先生，暢談“一帶一路”框架下中匈發(fā)展的愿景和期許。

記者：近年來(lái)，中匈合作愈加緊密，當(dāng)前中匈交流與合作面臨哪些機(jī)遇？

白思諦：2018年是匈牙利和新中國(guó)建立外交關(guān)系的第69周年，匈牙利是最早承認(rèn)中華人民共和國(guó)成立的國(guó)家之一。在過(guò)去的69年里，世界各國(guó)都發(fā)生了巨大的變化，但是匈中關(guān)系始終保持穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。兩國(guó)之間既不存在歷史問(wèn)題也沒(méi)有利益沖突，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)我們的伙伴關(guān)系是兩國(guó)及兩國(guó)人民的共同愿望。

當(dāng)前，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)重心正從西方向東方轉(zhuǎn)移，從大西洋地區(qū)向太平洋地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移，中國(guó)是這次轉(zhuǎn)移的焦點(diǎn)所在。同樣地，中東歐地區(qū)是歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)未來(lái)發(fā)展最有前景的地區(qū)，也是最具活力的地區(qū)?？v觀這個(gè)區(qū)域各個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展，以及歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)，我們可以看到，歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)目前發(fā)展的引擎在此。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為匈牙利在歐盟以外最大的合作伙伴。在過(guò)去幾年中，我們將匈牙利打造成歐洲最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的投資環(huán)境之一，匈牙利也成為了中國(guó)投資者在中東歐地區(qū)投資最多的目的國(guó)。

記者：在“一帶一路”倡議和“中國(guó)一中東歐”合作框架下，中匈交流合作的亮點(diǎn)有哪些？

白思諦：匈牙利認(rèn)為“一帶一路”倡議是一項(xiàng)宏偉的文明工程，是沿途所有國(guó)家的共同愿望。匈牙利是歐洲第一個(gè)加入“一帶一路”倡議的國(guó)家，2015年與中國(guó)簽署了《關(guān)于共同推進(jìn)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路建設(shè)的諒解備忘錄》，并于2016年同中國(guó)建立并啟動(dòng)“一帶一路”工作組機(jī)制，我們很高興并渴望向?qū)嶋H合作的方向前進(jìn)。

中東歐地區(qū)是世界上經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)快速且最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的地區(qū)之一，而中國(guó)是世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，我們相信，如果這兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛的經(jīng)濟(jì)體聯(lián)合起來(lái)，將產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。匈牙利一直是“中國(guó)一中東歐（16+1）”合作中最堅(jiān)定的支持者之一。這項(xiàng)多邊合作的基本理念誕生于2011年，當(dāng)年首屆中國(guó)一中東歐國(guó)家經(jīng)貿(mào)論壇在布達(dá)佩斯舉行。次年，中國(guó)啟動(dòng)了“16+1”合作框架。到目前為止，時(shí)間證明了這項(xiàng)區(qū)域性策略的必.要性和實(shí)用性。

記者：匈牙利是中東歐地區(qū)華人最多的國(guó)家，也是中國(guó)在中東歐地區(qū)最大的投資國(guó)，您如何看待這兩者之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)？

白思諦：我們的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)在于匈牙利擁有中東歐地區(qū)最大的華人團(tuán)體。他們的很多成員在此出生和生活了幾十年，為兩國(guó)人民和文化的交流搭建了橋梁。為了保持華人社區(qū)的文化特色，我們?cè)诓歼_(dá)佩斯建立了完整的小學(xué)、中學(xué)和大學(xué)雙語(yǔ)教育。這不僅有助于兩國(guó)人民更好地相互理解，同時(shí)也有利于維護(hù)共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。在一個(gè)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言和文化被廣泛認(rèn)同的國(guó)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，中國(guó)企業(yè)更容易獲得成功。

匈牙利地處歐洲重要的戰(zhàn)略位置，擁有歐盟5億多消費(fèi)群體，還有來(lái)自東歐的2億消費(fèi)群體。由于這里的高技能勞動(dòng)力、杰出的大學(xué)教育、優(yōu)越的地理位置以及高水準(zhǔn)的供應(yīng)商和先進(jìn)的商業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，全球80家超大型國(guó)際跨國(guó)企業(yè)中，近一半企業(yè)及其供應(yīng)商（中小型）已在匈牙利建立了長(zhǎng)期業(yè)務(wù)。對(duì)于投資者來(lái)說(shuō)，匈牙利不僅是理想的生產(chǎn)基地，更是歐洲一個(gè)非凡的“先進(jìn)制造及創(chuàng)新中心”。這與匈牙利進(jìn)一步增加高附加值投資數(shù)量的規(guī)劃一致——除“匈牙利制造”的項(xiàng)目之外，越來(lái)越重視“匈牙利創(chuàng)造”的項(xiàng)目。

匈牙利已成為中東歐對(duì)華出0最大的國(guó)家，為此，我們深感自豪，根據(jù)中國(guó)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，僅2017年一年，我們對(duì)華出口增長(zhǎng)了25%，因此匈牙利對(duì)華出口額在2017年達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的40億美元。同年，匈牙利成為中國(guó)在中東歐地區(qū)的第三大產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)，也是中國(guó)在該地區(qū)的第三大貿(mào)易伙伴。

記者：對(duì)到匈牙利投資的中國(guó)企業(yè)，您有哪些建議？

白思諦：吸引中國(guó)投資對(duì)我們國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)變得越來(lái)越重要。目前，匈牙利是中國(guó)在中東歐地區(qū)投資額最大的國(guó)家，超過(guò)42億歐元。我們希望在不久的將來(lái)，有更多的中國(guó)企業(yè)效仿華為、中興、萬(wàn)華、中國(guó)中鐵、比亞迪、中國(guó)銀行、聯(lián)想等，這些中國(guó)企業(yè)將體驗(yàn)到匈牙利有利的投資環(huán)境和政策，幫助其繁榮并進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

吸引中國(guó)對(duì)匈牙利的投資，是匈牙利政府很重要的愿景。因?yàn)閺拈L(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這是未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)，也有助于使我國(guó)成為中東歐地區(qū)的制造業(yè)和創(chuàng)新中心。近年來(lái)，我國(guó)通過(guò)改革方針政策，包括引入以外貿(mào)為重點(diǎn)的外交政策來(lái)吸引外國(guó)直接投資、在區(qū)域內(nèi)引入最低的公司稅率之一、采用歐洲大陸最靈活的勞工法之一、2016-：2020年期間對(duì)研發(fā)活動(dòng)的財(cái)政支持額增加一倍、建立適應(yīng)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)需求的高等教育體系等措施，創(chuàng)造了歐洲最有利的投資發(fā)展環(huán)境之一。我們希望擴(kuò)大兩國(guó)之間的合作范圍，并在創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行深化。匈牙利政府已經(jīng)與六家中國(guó)企業(yè)簽署了戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議，除了最大的技術(shù)和制造公司之外，最近還涌現(xiàn)出新的投資，如比亞迪、延鋒汽車內(nèi)飾和波鴻集團(tuán)，這些新投資案例均來(lái)自汽車行業(yè)。

至于優(yōu)惠措施，我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，匈牙利擁有廣泛開(kāi)放的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們的政府旨在營(yíng)造出對(duì)投資者友善的商業(yè)環(huán)境。無(wú)論注冊(cè)地在哪里，任何企業(yè)在匈牙利都遵循同樣的政策法規(guī)，絕對(duì)不會(huì)歧視外資企業(yè)，這也意味著我們國(guó)家沒(méi)有投資篩查機(jī)制。相反，匈牙利政府通過(guò)提供形式多樣的補(bǔ)貼激勵(lì)政策措施，來(lái)努力吸引外國(guó)投資者，補(bǔ)貼最高可能會(huì)占到總投資額的50%。

On May 13， 2017， Chinese！ President Xi Jinping met with?Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban ，who came to China to attend theBelt and Road Forum for InternationalCooperation， and announced the establishment?of a comprehensive strategic?partnership between the two countries. In 2017， the bilateral trade between?China and Hungary achieved a?record high of USD 10.14 billion，?marking a 14.1 % increase over the previous?year. As the first Europeancountry to sign a memorandum of understanding?（MoU） on the Belt andRoad Initiative with China， Hungary has?seen many highlights in its cooperation with?China in economy and trade?，investment， finance， culture and many other?areas. We arranged an exclusive interview?with Mr. Mate Pesti， Hungary’s ambassador to China， to talk abouthis visions and expectations on the?future development of China-Hungary relations?under the framework of theBelt and Road Initiative.

Q： As China-Hungary cooperation and?exchange are becoming increasingly?close in recent years， what do you think?are the opportunities facing the?two countries？

A： As one of the first countries that?recognized the establishment of thePeople's Republic of China， Hungary established?diplomatic ties with the PRC69 years ago. Significant changes have?taken place around the world over the?past 69 years， but China and Hungary have?maintained sound and steady relations. As we have neither historical dispute?nor conflict of interest， further enhancing?our partnership conforms to?the common aspirations of both countries?and both peoples.

Currently， the center of economic gravity?is shifting from the West towards?the East， from the Atlantic to?the Pacific. China is the focal point?of this shifting. Similarly， Central and?Eastern?Europe is the most promising and?the most economically vibrant region?in Europe. When we have a?look at the development of countries in?this region， and the data on economy growth?of Europe， we will see thatCentral and Eastern Europe is now the?engine for economic growth inEurope. China is now the second largest?partner of Hungary， only next to?the EU countries. Over the pasty ears， we have made Hungary one?of the European countries with the most?competitive environment for?investment， enabling Hungary to attract the?most investment from China?among all the countries in Central andEastern Europe.

Q： What are the highlights in China-Hungary cooperation and exchange under?the BRI and the "China-CEE"cooperation framework？

A： Hungary believes that the Belt andRoad Initiative is a magnificent project to?promote the exchange betweenEastern and Western civilizations，?and is the common aspiration of all?the countries along the BRI. As the first?European country to join the BRI，Hungary signed the Memorandum of?Understanding on Cooperation within?the Framework of the Silk RoadEconomic Belt and the 21st CenturyMaritime Silk Road Initiative with China in?2015， and established and launched?the "Belt and Road Initiative" working group?mechanism with China in 2016.We are glad to see and aspire for more progress?in our cooperation.

Central and Eastern?Europe is one?of the most competitive regions，?with rapid economic growth in the?world. China is the second largest economy?in the world. We believe that?the partnership between such two rapidly?growing economies will be of?great significance. Hungary has been one?of the determined advocates of"China-CEEC （16+ 1）" cooperation，?a multilateral cooperation concept which?was first proposed in 2011when the first China-CEEC BusinessForum was held in Budapest. In 2012，China initiated the "16+ 1" cooperation framework. So far， it has been proven over?time that this regional cooperation strategy?is necessary and practical.

Q： In Central and Eastern Europe，Hungary is home to the largest population?of Chinese and also the largest invested?of China. What is?your view about the interconnection between?the two， and what unique advantages?does Hungary have？

A： Having the largest population ofChinese in Central and Eastern Europe is?Hungary’s unique advantage.Many of these Chinese were bor inHungary and have lived there for several decades. They serve as a bridge for exchanges?between the two peoples and?the two cultures. To maintain cultural?characteristics of Chinese communities， we have established complete?bilingual education systems at primary， secondary and university levels?in Budapest， which not only helps the?two peoples better understand each other， but also helps safeguard our common?economic interests. Chinese enterprises?are more likely to succeed in?a country and economic zone where the?Chinese language and culture are widely?recognized.

Thanks to its favorable strategic location， Hungary has extended its reach?to 500 million and 200 million consumers?in the EU and EasternEurope， respectively. Its highly skilled labors， excellent university education，?favorable geographical location， well-developed suppliers and commercial?infrastructure in Hungary have attracted nearly?half of the world's top 80 superlarge transnationals and their suppliers（small and medium sized） to establish long-term?businesses in Hungary.For investors， Hungary is not online?ideal production base， but also an extraordinary?"advanced manufacturing and?innovation centre" in Europe.That is in line with Hungary's plan?of increasing high value - added investment?projects. In addition to projects?of "Made in Hungary"， projects of?"Created in Hungary" are receiving more?and more attention.

We are proud that Hungary has become?the largest exporter toChina in Central and Eastern Europe.According to the data of the NationalBureau of Statistics of China， our exports?to China increased by 25% in?2017 alone， so the export of Hungary to?China hit a record USD 4 billion in?2017. In the same year， Hungary became?the third largest product market?of China in Central and Easten Europe and also China's third largest trading?partner in this region.

Q： Is there any advice for Chinese enterprises?to invest in Hungary？

A： Attraction of Chinese investment is?becoming increasingly important for?Hungary. Hungary now embraces the?highest investment from China inCentral and Eastern?Europe， more than4.2 billion?euros. In the near future， we?hope that more Chinese enterpriseswill invest in Hungary following the steps?of Huawei， ZTE， Wanhua， ChinaRailway， BYD， Bank of China， andLenovo. They will be provided withfavorable investment environment and policies?that will help them grow.

It is an important vision of theHungarian government to attractChinese investment. Because it is the basis?for future growth of economy and?can also help build Hungary into?a manufacturing and innovationcenter in Central and Eastern Europe in?the long run. In recent years， we?have implemented a series of reform policies， including introducing foreign policies?that focus on attracting FDI?through foreign trade， applying one?of the lowest corporate tax rates within?the region， adopting one of the?most flexible labor laws of ContinentalEurope， doubling finance for R&D from2016 to 2020， and establishing a higher education?system that can meet the demand?of the labour market. With these?efforts， we have created one of?the most favorable investment arenas?in Europe. We hope to expand the?cooperation between the two countries?and deepen cooperation in?innovation and technology. TheHungarian government has signed strategic?cooperation agreements with six?Chinese enterprises， including the country's?technology and manufacturing giants?as well as emerging industrialplayers. For instance， companies from?the auto industry， including BYD，?Yanfeng Automotive Interiors and?Bohong Group.

In terms of preferential measures?，let me make this clear： Hungary is an economy?with extensive openness and?our government strives to create?an investor - -friendly business environment， where businesses inHungary， domestic or foreign， are subject?to the same policies and regulations?and will be equally treated despite?of their registered domiciles.In other words， Hungary doesn't set any?investment screening mechanism.Instead， we provide various incentives and?subsidies to attract foreign investment， which may account for50% of the total investment.