重慶大韓民國臨時政府舊址

年代：始建于民國

Time of Construction： Built during the Period of the Republic of China （1912-1949）

坐標(biāo)：渝中區(qū)蓮花池正街38號 ? ? ?No.38， Lianhuachi Main Street， Yuzhong District

重慶，是大韓民國臨時政府在中國的最后一個辦公地。1944年至1945年，大韓民國臨時政府租用渝中區(qū)蓮花池行館集中辦公。1992年中韓建交，經(jīng)兩國政府協(xié)商，蓮花池38號作為中韓人民并肩作戰(zhàn)，共同抗日的歷史見證。在不少韓國人看來，大韓民國臨時政府舊址也是“韓國獨立運動舊址”。

大韓民國臨時政府舊址占地約1300平方米，建筑面積約1770平方米，是一處由5幢小樓房組成的建筑群，青瓦灰磚，兩排建筑順著中間的石梯往上延伸。大門的門楣上用韓文、繁體中文和英文分別寫著“大韓民國臨時政府”字樣。

跨進(jìn)大門，左邊是1號樓，原為庶務(wù)局、警衛(wèi)隊、文化部、軍務(wù)部、宣傳部辦公室，如今被辟為展覽廳。右邊為2號樓，分上下兩層，一樓是臨時議政院會議室兼臨時政府食堂。二樓是外務(wù)部，外務(wù)部部長、次長辦公室。3號樓3樓則是大韓民國臨時政府主席金九的辦公室和國務(wù)委員會議室。

如今，這里是一座研究、展示朝鮮半島獨立運動史的專題型陳列館。1992年8月，重慶大韓民國臨時政府舊址被列為重慶市文物保護(hù)單位;1995年8月11日正式修復(fù)成紀(jì)念館并對外開放;2000年對舊址再次進(jìn)行了全面維修。

2019年3月1日，正值朝鮮半島“三一運動”100周年紀(jì)念之際，陳列館“大韓民國臨時政府在重慶歷史陳列”改陳竣工，最大程度地按原貌恢復(fù)了當(dāng)年臨時政府辦公風(fēng)貌。3月28日至30日，韓國總理李洛淵訪問重慶，為重慶韓國光復(fù)軍總司令部舊址復(fù)建完工暨對外開放儀式剪彩，并參觀了大韓民國臨時政府舊址。

大韓民國臨時政府是朝鮮半島被日本侵略、吞并后成立的一個臨時政府，被稱為“朝鮮半島獨立運動的圣殿”，是一個在中國堅持了長達(dá)27年的反日復(fù)國獨立運動的流亡政府。

1910年8月，日本帝國主義將“庚戌國恥”強加給舊韓國政府，朝鮮半島從此開始了反抗日本殖民統(tǒng)治，爭取民族自由和獨立的不屈不撓的斗爭。

1919年3月1日，朝鮮半島爆發(fā)了“三一運動”?！叭贿\動”失敗后，韓國的民族獨立運動領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在蘇聯(lián)的海參崴、中國的上海，以及朝鮮半島的漢城（今首爾），成立了類似政府的組織。同年9月，3個組織在上海法租界合并成“大韓民國臨時政府”。

中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭全面爆發(fā)后，大韓民國臨時政府在中國政府的幫助和支援下，從上海、杭州、長沙等地一路西遷，于1939年抵達(dá)重慶，1940年到達(dá)重慶市區(qū)，先后在石板街、楊柳街、吳師爺巷辦公。最后，由國民政府出面并出資安置于重慶市蓮花池38號，大韓民國臨時政府和獨立運動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金九等辦公并居住于此。1945年8月，日本戰(zhàn)敗投降，大韓民國臨時政府主要官員分批回國。在重慶的6年是大韓民國臨時政府在中國開展民族獨立運動最重要、最活躍的時期。

From 1944 to 1945， the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea rented a place in Lianhuachi of Yuzhong district as an official residence. In 1992， China and the Republic of Korea established diplomatic relations. Upon consultations between the two governments， the location of No. 38 of Lianhuachi is chosen to be a historical testimony witnessing the history of two nation’s standing together in the fight against Japanese invaders. As Chongqing is known to be the last place for the office of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in China， the site of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea is correspondingly seen as the “home of the Korean independence movement” as well by many Koreans.

With a construction area of about 1，770 square meters， the site of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea covers a ground area of about 1，300 square meters. It is a group of five small buildings with blue tiles and grey bricks， which line in two rows and extend upwards along a stone ladder in the middle. On the threshold of the gate writes the words “THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA” respectively in Korean， traditional Chinese and English.

Stepping into the gate， you will see Building 1 on the left. Originally composed of the Bureau of General Affairs， the Guard， the Ministry of Culture， the Ministry of Military Affairs， and the Office of the Publicity Department， the building is now developed into an exhibition hall. Building 2 is on the right， which is divided into two floors. The first floor is the office of temporary council room plus the temporary government canteen. The second floor covers the Ministry of Foreign Affairs， the Office of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Office of the Vice Minister while the Office of the Premier of the Provisional Government of Republic of Korea Kim Gu and the Meeting Room for the State Council are on the third floor of Building 3.

Today， the site has been upgraded into a thematic exhibition hall which provides with studies and displays of the history of the independence movement of the Korean Peninsula. In August 1992， the Site of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea of Chongqing was listed as the cultural relic protection unit of Chongqing; on August 11， 1995， it was officially restored into a memorial hall and opened to the public. In 2000， an overall refurbishment was conducted upon the site again.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the “March 1st Movement” on the Korean Peninsula on March 1， 2019， the basic exhibition of the exhibition hall， called “Historical Exhibition of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Chongqing”， completed its adjustment so as to restore and present the original landscape of the then provisional government to the fullest extent. From March 28th to 30th， prime minister of South Korea Lee Nak-yeon visited Chongqing to participate in the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the completion of the re-construction and opening of the Site of the Korean Liberation Army General Command in Chongqing. He also toured the Site of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.

Being called as the “Sanctuary of Independence Movement of the Korean Peninsula”， the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea is an interim government established after the Korean Peninsula was invaded and annexed by Japan. In this sense， it is an anti-Japanese government-in-exile that has persisted for as long as 27 years in China in order to regain independence.

Due to the Japan–Korea Treaty signed in August， 1910， Korean government was forced to bear the pain of “National humiliation of the year of Gyeongsul” imposed by Japanese imperialism. The Korean government in exile was thus established to fight against Japanese colonial rule of Korea and strive for national independence on the Korean Peninsula.

On March 1， 1919， the “March 1st Movement” broke out on the Korean Peninsula. After the failure of the Movement， leaders of the Korean National Independence Movement established several organizations similar to government in Vladivostok （the Soviet Union）， Shanghai （China）， and Hansung （now Seoul） on the Korean Peninsula. In September of the same year， three organizations merged into the “Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea” in the French Concession of Shanghai.

After the outbreak of the Chinese People’s War Against Japan War， the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea migrated westward from Shanghai， Hangzhou， Changsha and other places with the help and support of the Chinese government. Finally arriving in Chongqing in 1939 and settling down in the downtown of Chongqing a year later， the Provisional Government held its office successively at Shiban Street， Yangliu Street and Wushiye Lane. At last， it was the National Government that raised a fund and settled the place for the Provisional Government at No. 38， Lianhuachi in Chongqing. Since then， this place has become the official location for the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and leaders of the independence movement like Kim Gu to work and live in. It was not until Japan’s defeat and surrender in August 1945 that the main officials of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea returned to their motherland in succession. The six years in Chongqing is the most important and active period for the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea to carry out the national independence movement in China.