劉志杜
[摘要] 目的 分析小劑量多巴胺治療新生兒窒息后腎損害的臨床療效。 方法 選取我院2017年4月~2019年4月收治的新生兒窒息后腎損害患兒150例為研究對象,依入院順序奇偶性平均分為對照組和觀察組,各75例。對照組采用臨床常規(guī)治療,觀察組在對照組基礎(chǔ)上予以小劑量多巴胺治療,兩組均治療7 d。比較兩組臨床療效,治療前、治療7 d后尿素氮、肌酐水平、MAP、HR、PEF、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。 結(jié)果 治療7 d后,觀察組臨床總有效率(97.33%)高于對照組(81.33%),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組治療前尿素氮、肌酐組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療7 d后觀察組顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療7 d后兩組尿素氮、肌酐組內(nèi)比較均顯著低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組治療前MAP、HR、PEF組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療7 d后觀察組顯著高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療7 d后兩組MAP、HR、PEF組內(nèi)比較均顯著高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(2.67%)低于對照組(13.33%),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 小劑量多巴胺可有效緩解新生兒窒息后腎損害患兒病情,促進(jìn)尿素氮、肌酐等指標(biāo)復(fù)常,有效預(yù)防腎功能障礙等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,療效顯著,值得借鑒。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 小劑量;多巴胺;新生兒窒息;腎損害
[中圖分類號] R722.1 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-9701(2019)30-0093-03
Effect of low-dose dopamine in treatment of neonatal asphyxia induced renal damage
LIU Zhidu
Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital(Huzhong Hospital) of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou ? 510800, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of low-dose dopamine in the treatment of neonatal asphyxia induced renal damage. Methods A total of 150 children with neonatal asphyxia induced renal damage admitted to our hospital from April 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled in the study and evenly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the parity of admission sequence, with 75 children in each group. The control group was treated with routine clinical treatment while the observation group was treated with low-dose dopamine on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 7 days. The clinical efficacy, the urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, MAP, HR and PEF before treatment and after 7 days of treatment, and the incidences of complications of the two groups were compared. Results After 7 days of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group(97.33%) was higher than that of the control group(81.33%), with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Before treatment, the differences in urea nitrogen and creatinine levels between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05), but after 7 days of treatment, the urea nitrogen and creatinine levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The urea nitrogen and creatinine levels after 7 days of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Before treatment, the differences in MAP, HR and PEF between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05), but after 7 days of treatment, the MAP, HR and PEF of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The MAP, HR and PEF after 7 days of treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment in both groups, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group(2.67%) was lower than that in the control group(13.33%), with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Low-dose dopamine can effectively alleviate the conditions of children with neonatal asphyxia induced renal damage, promote the returning of indexes such as urea nitrogen and creatinine, and effectively prevent complications such as renal dysfunction, which shows remarkable efficacy and is worth learning.
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組臨床總有效率、MAP、HR、PEF明顯比對照組高,觀察組治療后7 d后尿素氮、肌酐水平、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率顯著比對照組低(P<0.05)。與賈煥奇[11]研究結(jié)果接近,其研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)研究組治療后血尿素氮、血肌酐水平均顯著比對照組低(P<0.05),提示小劑量多巴胺在新生兒窒息后腎損害治療中安全、有效。分析原因如下:多巴胺屬于內(nèi)源性兒茶酚胺藥物,可刺激心臟β受體產(chǎn)生作用,提高心臟β受體興奮性,加快心率,促進(jìn)血壓、心率等生命體征復(fù)常[12-13]。另外,多巴胺可增加心輸出量,具有擴(kuò)張腸系膜血管、興奮血管中受體等作用,在低心排出量伴隨腎功能損傷等疾病治療中取得了顯著效果[14-15]。多巴胺也是人體重要的一種神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì),主要由人體腦細(xì)胞分泌而來,多巴胺通過靜脈泵注,結(jié)合多巴胺受體,可有效增加腎血管流量,擴(kuò)大腎臟血管,增強(qiáng)腎小球的濾過率,促進(jìn)鈉離子以尿量排泄,可有效預(yù)防腎臟缺血現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,降低腎臟功能障礙發(fā)生率[16]。由于新生兒年齡較小,因此選擇小劑量的多巴胺,可緩解患兒臨床癥狀,改善腎臟功能的同時降低不良反應(yīng),安全性更高,可作為新生兒窒息后腎損害的首選藥物。本研究創(chuàng)新之處在于研究小劑量多巴胺治療新生兒窒息后腎功能損害患兒,可促進(jìn)心率、血壓、氣道峰壓復(fù)常,為研究小劑量多巴胺在新生兒窒息后腎損害治療中的臨床療效提供更加科學(xué)的參考依據(jù)。
綜上所述,新生兒窒息后腎損害患兒采用小劑量多巴胺治療,可有效緩解患兒紫紺等癥狀,促進(jìn)血壓、心率升高,降低尿素氮、肌酐水平,有效預(yù)防腎功能障礙等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,取得良好的治療效果,值得進(jìn)一步推廣。
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(收稿日期:2019-07-17)