趙琳琳 陳玉婷 徐濤 張文廣
·臨床論著·
根除幽門(mén)螺桿菌治療對(duì)TIA患者同型半胱氨酸及其預(yù)后的影響
趙琳琳*1陳玉婷2徐濤3張文廣?4
(1. 重慶市巴南區(qū)人民醫(yī)院老年科,重慶 401320;2. 昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬昭通醫(yī)院腦血管科,云南 昭通 657000;3. 昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬昭通醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,云南 昭通 657000;4. 重慶市巴南區(qū)人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,重慶 401320)
探討根除幽門(mén)螺桿菌(,Hp)治療對(duì)短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作(Transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)及其預(yù)后的影響。選取2013年8月至2017年6月期間兩家醫(yī)院收治的首次發(fā)作TIA患者共計(jì)396例,常規(guī)進(jìn)行尿素酶試驗(yàn),將尿素酶試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性的TIA患者204例隨機(jī)分為治療組(n=102)和對(duì)照組(n=102),所有患者均給予常規(guī)藥物治療,其中治療組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上予以根除Hp治療。動(dòng)態(tài)觀察2組治療前、治療后1 m,6 m,12 m Hcy變化,隨訪(fǎng)2組患者在半年,1年,2年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率。TIA患者根除Hp治療后血清同型半胱氨酸顯著降低(P<0.05),根除Hp后患者隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)血清同型半胱氨酸下降越明顯(P<0.05)。治療組和對(duì)照組TIA患者半年內(nèi)腦梗死發(fā)生率無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),而治療組TIA患者1年及2年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率較對(duì)照組顯著降低(P<0.05),但1年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率與2年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05)。幽門(mén)螺桿菌感染可能是腦卒中的危險(xiǎn)因素;積極抗幽門(mén)螺桿菌感染治療,可顯著降低腦梗塞的發(fā)生,并可降低同型半胱氨酸水平,預(yù)防TIA進(jìn)展為腦梗塞有一定的臨床價(jià)值。
幽門(mén)螺桿菌;短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作;同型半胱氨酸
腦卒中為我國(guó)國(guó)民主要死亡原因,其中缺血性腦卒中占43%~79%[1]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在缺血性腦卒中患者中,新發(fā)TIA患者每年超過(guò)200萬(wàn)。由于TIA發(fā)病后2 d內(nèi)為卒中再發(fā)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期,并且TIA后7 d 內(nèi)具有4%~10%的卒中再發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),90 d內(nèi)具有8%~12%的卒中再發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),TIA具有高發(fā)病率、高致殘率及高復(fù)發(fā)率等特點(diǎn),也是成年人致殘的主要病因[2-4]。
近年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腦梗死的危險(xiǎn)因素除高血壓、高血糖、高血脂、吸煙等外,一些急慢性炎癥也可影響動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化而發(fā)生腦梗死[5-7]。流行病學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),幽門(mén)螺桿菌(,Hp)感染與腦梗死存在一定的相關(guān)性,其主要作用機(jī)制可能是通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)免疫-炎癥反應(yīng)促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化[5-8]。也有研究顯示Hp感染還可能干擾血清同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)代謝,影響腦梗死的發(fā)生[9]。而根除HP治療后是否可以在一定程度上防止TIA進(jìn)展為腦梗塞,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外少有前瞻性研究。
本研究擬對(duì)我院的收治的TIA患者常規(guī)做尿素酶試驗(yàn),將尿素酶試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性的TIA患者隨機(jī)分為治療組和對(duì)照組,治療組患者加用抗幽門(mén)螺桿菌治療,動(dòng)態(tài)觀察2組患者治療前、治療后1月,6月,12月Hcy變化,隨訪(fǎng)2組患者在半年、1年、2年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率。
2013年8月至2017年6月在昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬昭通醫(yī)院腦血管內(nèi)科及巴南區(qū)人民醫(yī)院老年科住院的首次發(fā)作TIA患者396例,常規(guī)做尿素酶試驗(yàn),采用深圳海德威生物科技有限公司HTY1001 Hp測(cè)試儀及碳[14C]尿素呼氣試驗(yàn)(Urea breath test,UBT)藥盒測(cè)定。結(jié)果[14C]UBT≥100 dpm?mmol-1CO2為陽(yáng)性。其中尿素酶試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性患者204例,占總數(shù)的51.5%,其中男138例,女66例,年齡61.51±5.57歲。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合美國(guó)卒中協(xié)會(huì)TIA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10];②癥狀恢復(fù)完全,不遺留任何神經(jīng)功能缺失體征;③頭顱CT /MRI證實(shí)無(wú)顱內(nèi)出血、顱內(nèi)占位及可解釋患者癥狀的定位責(zé)任病灶。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①DWI顯示存在急性腦梗死責(zé)任病灶;②既往有腦梗塞病灶;③由于非血管性疾病所致的肢體無(wú)力或言語(yǔ)障礙等其他非TIA疾?。虎蹾p外的其他因素(如嚴(yán)重的心肝腎疾病、合并感染及近期應(yīng)用抗生素等)所致炎癥;⑤頸動(dòng)脈彩色超聲檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)頸動(dòng)脈斑塊伴狹窄≥50%;⑥既往有嚴(yán)重心、肺、肝或腎臟功能不全病史。
所有患者均通過(guò)昭通市第一人民醫(yī)院及巴南區(qū)人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)并獲得患者及家屬的知情同意及簽署知情同意書(shū)。
204例尿素酶實(shí)驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性患者采用計(jì)算機(jī)隨機(jī)抽樣分組分為治療組和對(duì)照組(n=102)。兩組患者均給予為期2 w的TIA常規(guī)治療(抗凝、抗血小板聚積、改善腦供血供氧、調(diào)整血壓等)。而治療組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上加用奧美拉唑20 mg,阿莫西林膠囊1.0 g,克拉霉素片0.5 g,每日2次口服,治療10 d。1m后復(fù)查尿素酶試驗(yàn),如果結(jié)果陽(yáng)性,判定為HP根除失敗,予以退出本研究。
入院后治療前及治療后1 m、6 m、12 m抽取患者空腹血測(cè)定血清同型半胱氨酸水平。出院后隨訪(fǎng)半年、1年、2年,計(jì)算初發(fā)腦梗塞和復(fù)發(fā)性腦梗塞。復(fù)發(fā)性腦梗塞的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11-12]:①患者原有初發(fā)癥狀和體征加重,距離第一次梗塞時(shí)間大于1月;②出現(xiàn)新的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能缺損癥狀;③經(jīng)頭顱CT或MRI證實(shí)有新發(fā)病灶或另外血管分布區(qū)病灶。
應(yīng)用SPSS 20.0 統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,對(duì)于計(jì)量資料,檢驗(yàn)其分布形態(tài)和方差齊性,若屬對(duì)稱(chēng)分布,采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)描述,否則采用中位數(shù)(四分位間距)M(IQR)描述其集中和離散趨勢(shì)。治療前及治療后血清Hcy變化比較采用重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析。對(duì)不符合正態(tài)分布的資料進(jìn)行秩和檢驗(yàn)。兩組患者卒中發(fā)生率比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn)或者Fisher確切概率法。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
治療組有5例患者HP根除失敗,退出研究。治療組患者Hp根除率為91.7%。治療組失訪(fǎng)2例,對(duì)照組失訪(fǎng)3例。兩組患者在年齡、性別、吸煙、飲酒及高血壓、糖尿病、高脂血癥、血清同型半胱氨酸等指標(biāo)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。
表1 治療組與對(duì)照組基線(xiàn)資料比較
注:*表示計(jì)數(shù)資料比較時(shí)采用卡方檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料比較時(shí)采用獨(dú)樣本檢驗(yàn)
本研究結(jié)果顯示:F分組=14.673,P分組=0.032,TIA患者根除Hp 后血清同型半胱氨酸顯著降低;F時(shí)間=21.782,P時(shí)間=0.014,根除HP后患者隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)血清同型半胱氨酸下降越明顯;F分組×?xí)r間=3.786,P分組×?xí)r間=0.10,分組效應(yīng)和時(shí)間無(wú)交互作用。Hp感染陽(yáng)性TIA患者根除Hp治療后患者血清同型半胱氨酸顯著下降,見(jiàn)表2。
表3顯示,治療組和對(duì)照組TIA患者半年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);治療組HP陽(yáng)性TIA患者1年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率較對(duì)照組顯著降低(P<0.05);2年內(nèi)腦梗塞發(fā)生率較對(duì)照組顯著降低(P<0.05)。
TIA被公認(rèn)為缺血性腦卒中最重要的危險(xiǎn)因素,是成年人致殘的主要病因[2-4]。TIA發(fā)病后2 d內(nèi)為卒中再發(fā)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期,并且TIA后7 d內(nèi)具有4%~10%的卒中再發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),90 d內(nèi)具有8%~12%的卒中再發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Sebastián等在20例頸動(dòng)脈斑塊中檢測(cè)到Hp DNA,提示Hp感染與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)[13]。近年多數(shù)流行病學(xué)資料顯示,Hp感染與腦卒中的發(fā)生、發(fā)展存在一定的相關(guān)性[9]。
有研究報(bào)道根除HP治療后可降低腦梗死病人再次住院率[14]。本研究結(jié)果也證明幽門(mén)螺桿菌感染可能是腦卒中的危險(xiǎn)因素且根除HP治療可有效預(yù)防腦梗死的發(fā)生,根除Hp治療后的TIA患者1年、2年腦梗塞發(fā)生率較對(duì)照組顯著降低,表明根除Hp治療可有效預(yù)防TIA進(jìn)展為腦梗塞。但根除HP治療后的TIA患者半年內(nèi)卒中發(fā)生率與對(duì)照組之間無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,這可能與本研究觀察樣本量較少及觀察時(shí)間較短有關(guān),需要進(jìn)一步增大樣本量觀察。
表2 治療前和治療后1,6,12和24月治療組與對(duì)照組患者同型半胱氨酸變化(±SD)
注:與對(duì)照組相比,*P<0.05。
表3 治療組與對(duì)照組患者半年、1年及2年內(nèi)腦卒中發(fā)生率比較(例(%))
注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05。
高同型半胱氨酸血癥是目前比較公認(rèn)的腦梗死的危險(xiǎn)因素[15]。Hcy在體內(nèi)的代謝必須依賴(lài)于B族維生(VitB12、VitB6、VitB2)和幾種酶的參與,當(dāng)這些維生素缺乏時(shí),將引起Hcy的代謝障礙,導(dǎo)致高Hcy[15]。
Tamura等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)Hp感染通過(guò)影響葉酸和維生素B12的吸收使血同型半胱氨酸水平升高從而促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。吳海琴等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Hp感染與腦梗死發(fā)病相關(guān),可能是腦梗死的危險(xiǎn)因素且進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)CagA陽(yáng)性Hp感染可能通過(guò)升高血Hcy水平而增加腦梗死。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)根除HP后TIA患者血清同型半胱氨酸較對(duì)照組顯著降低且隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)血清同型半胱氨酸下降越明顯,表明根除HP治療后可能通過(guò)下調(diào)血清同型半胱氨酸水平而降低腦血管事件發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而其確切獨(dú)立相關(guān)性及具體機(jī)制需深入基礎(chǔ)研究。
綜上所述,有效根除Hp治療可以降低TIA進(jìn)展為腦梗塞風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且可能通過(guò)下調(diào)血清Hcy水平改善動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊形成,降低腦卒中的發(fā)生。因此,有效根除Hp治療對(duì)預(yù)防TIA進(jìn)展為腦梗塞發(fā)生有重要的臨床價(jià)值,可作為腦血管事件的二級(jí)預(yù)防措施。
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eradication therapy on homocysteine and its prognosis of patients with TIA
Zhao Lin-lin*1, Chen Yu-ting2, Xu Tao3, Zhang Wen-guang?4,
(1. Department of Geriatrics, The People's Hospital of Banan District, Chongqing 401320; 2. Department of Vasculocardiology, The Affiliated Hospital at Zhaotong of Kunming Medical University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan; 3. Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital at Zhaotong of Kunming Medical University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan; 4. Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Banan District, Chongqing 401320)
To investigates the effect oferadication therapy on homocysteine (HCY) and its prognosis of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).From August 2013 to June 2017, 396 patients with first TIA in two hospitals were selected for routine urease test. 204 TIA patients with positive urease test were randomly divided into treatment group (n=102) and control group (n=102). All patients were given routine drug treatment, on the basis of which the patients in the treatment group were given HP eradication treatment. The changes of Hcy were observed before and after treatment, and the incidence of cerebral infarction was followed up for half a year, one year and two years.The serum homocysteine in patients with TIA decreased significantly after Hp eradication (P<0.05), and the more significant the decrease of serum homocysteine was with time prolongation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of cerebral infarction within half a year between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05), while the incidence of cerebral infarction within one year and two years in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the incidence of cerebral infarction within one year and that within two years in the treatment group (P>0.05).Helicobacter pylori infection may be a risk factor for stroke. Active treatment ofinfection can significantly reduce the occurrence of stroke and lower homocysteine levels, and it has certain clinical values to prevent TIA from developing into cerebrovascular.
; Transient ischemic attack; Homocysteine
Intersection of biology and therapeutics: type 2 targeted therapeutics for adult asthma.
Peters MC, Wenzel SE
Asthma is a disease of reversible airflow obstruction characterised clinically by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Increases in airway type 2 cytokine activity, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, are now established biological mechanisms in asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids have been the foundation for asthma treatment, in a large part because they decrease airway type 2 inflammation. However, inhaled or systemic corticosteroids are ineffective treatments in many patients with asthma and few treatment options exist for patients with steroid resistant asthma. Although mechanisms for corticosteroid refractory asthma are likely to be numerous, the development of a new class of biologic agents that target airway type 2 inflammation has provided a new model for treating some patients with corticosteroid refractory asthma. The objective of this Therapeutic paper is to summarise the new type 2 therapeutics, with an emphasis on the biological rationale and clinical efficacy of this new class of asthma therapeutics.
(From Lancet, 2020, 395(10221): 371-383.)
(2019-10-26)
趙琳琳,女,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事腦血管疾病的基礎(chǔ)與臨床研究,Email:25776589@qq.com;
張文廣,男,主治醫(yī)生,主要從事,Email: zhang-wenguang@163.com。