李艷 張海波 劉譯鴻 張馥麗 胡利敏 劉煥儀 袁莉 李海旭
[摘要] 目的 探討經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激治療化療后癌因性疲乏的臨床效果。 方法 選取2018年10月~2019年6月于廣東省中醫(yī)院腫瘤科篩查符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的腫瘤患者116例,根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組各58例,研究脫落8例,最終對照組53例,試驗組55例。對照組按腫瘤科常規(guī)診療護(hù)理,試驗組在此基礎(chǔ)上加用經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激,選取中脘、氣海、關(guān)元、雙側(cè)內(nèi)關(guān)、雙側(cè)足三里和雙側(cè)三陰交穴,于化療期間及化療前后實施,20 min/次,1次/d,共治療5 d。兩組均治療5 d,治療前后采用Piper疲乏修訂量表評分、癌癥治療功能評價一般量表(FACT-G)評分評價患者的疲乏狀態(tài)和生活質(zhì)量。 結(jié)果 兩組治療后Piper疲乏修訂量表整體及各維度評分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。對照組治療后Piper疲乏修訂量表整體及情感疲乏評分均高于治療前,試驗組治療后Piper疲乏修訂量表整體及各維度評分均低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組治療后FACT-G總分及生理狀況評分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。試驗組治療后生理狀況評分低于治療前,功能狀況評分高于治療前;對照組治療后FACT-G總分、生理狀況評分均低于治療前,功能狀況評分高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。結(jié)論 經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激可緩解腫瘤患者的化療后癌因性疲乏,并可改善腫瘤患者化療后的生活質(zhì)量。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 癌因性疲乏;化療;經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激;生活質(zhì)量
[中圖分類號] R273 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)04(c)-0149-05
Clinical effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue after chemotherapy
LI Yan ? ZHANG Haibo ? LIU Yihong ? ZHANG Fuli ? HU Limin ? LIU Huanyi ? YUAN Li ? LI Haixu
Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou ? 510120, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate clinical effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation in the treatment of patients with cancer-related fatigue after chemotherapy. Methods Randomized study was used. From October 2018 to June 2019, 116 cancer patients who met the standard were screened in Oncology Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. According to the random number table method, they were divided into two groups, with 58 cases in each group, 8 cases of abscission in each group, 53 cases in final control group and 55 cases in final experimental group. Control group was given routine diagnosis and treatment nursing in Oncology Department, On this basis, experimental group was treated with transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. zhōngw?觍n, qìh?觍i, gu?觀nyu?觃n, bilateral neìgu?觀n, bilateral zús?觀nlǐ and bilateral s?觀nyīnji?觀o acupoints were selected. They were treated during and before chemotherapy, 20 minutes one time, once a day, for 5 days. Treatment period of two groups was 5 days. The fatigue state and quality of life of the patients were evaluated by Piper fatigue revised scale and functional assessment of cancer therapy-general (FACT-G) scale before and after treatment. Results There were significant differences between two groups in scores of overall and all dimensions of Piper fatigue revised scale after treatment (P < 0.05). In control group, overall scores and emotional fatigue score of Piper fatigue revised scale after treatment were higher than those before treatment, and in experimental group, overall score and all dimensions scores of Piper fatigue revised scale after treatment were lower than those before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between two groups in total scores of FACT-G and physiological status scores after treatment (P < 0.05). In experimental group, the score of physiological condition was lower than that before treatment, and the score of functional condition was higher than that before treatment; total score of FACT-G and the score of physiological status in control group were lower than those before treatment, and the score of functional status was higher than that before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation can alleviate cancer-related fatigue and improve the quality of life of tumor patients after chemotherapy.
2.2 兩組患者治療前后FACT-G評分比較
兩組治療前FACT-G總分及各維度評分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。試驗組治療后生理狀況評分低于治療前,功能狀況評分高于治療前;對照組治療后FACT-G總分、生理狀況評分均低于治療前,功能狀況評分高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。試驗組治療后FACT-G總分及生理狀況評分明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。
表3 ? 兩組患者治療前后FACT-G評分比較(分,x±s)
注:t1、P1為兩組治療前比較,t2、P2為兩組治療后比較。FACT-G:癌癥治療功能評價一般量表
3 討論
CRF是腫瘤患者普遍存在的癥狀之一,其發(fā)病機制尚未明確。在癌癥幸存者中,疲乏可在治療結(jié)束后的數(shù)月至數(shù)年持續(xù)存在;對于正在接受抗腫瘤治療的患者來說,CRF的比例則更高[10],據(jù)統(tǒng)計,78%~86%接受全身化療的腫瘤患者存在CRF[11-17]。在CRF的非藥物療法中,針刺[18]、穴位按摩[19]、瑜伽[20]的積極作用被不斷證實,但TEAS治療CRF卻鮮見報道。TEAS是一種基于經(jīng)皮神經(jīng)電刺激的治療方法,系將電極的使用引入到傳統(tǒng)針刺療法中,以刺激特定穴位,緩解癥狀,促進(jìn)康復(fù)。本研究主要觀察TEAS治療腫瘤患者化療后癌因性疲乏的效果,客觀評估治療前后Piper疲乏評分及FACT-G生活質(zhì)量評分的變化。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,TEAS能改善腫瘤患者化療后的疲勞狀態(tài),提高患者生活質(zhì)量。傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中并未有“癌因性疲乏”這一病名,但根據(jù)其病因病機和臨床表現(xiàn),可將其歸屬于中醫(yī)“虛勞”范疇。胡彩瓊[21]將其病因歸納為與先天稟賦不足、后天失養(yǎng)、情志郁結(jié)、大病久病及藥毒攻伐有關(guān);蘇雅[22]認(rèn)為其主要病機為氣血陰陽不足,五臟虧損,因此針對“虛勞”的治療原則是補五臟俱虛,補氣血陰陽,而脾和腎尤為重要,治療上多選取具有補脾益氣、補腎益精功效的穴位或中藥。本研究所選組穴均為補虛穴位,具有健脾益氣、補腎填精的作用,符合“虛則補之”及“固本培元”的思想[23]。其中足三里為培土生元的保健要穴,具有理脾胃、扶正益氣之功;關(guān)元、氣海為元氣之海,具有培補全身元氣的功效;中脘系手太陽與少陽、足陽明之會,除具有補氣健脾作用外,還可調(diào)理氣機;三陰交為肝脾腎三條經(jīng)脈交匯處,具有調(diào)氣機、益脾氣、補腎精的作用。而內(nèi)關(guān)穴具有寧心安神、理氣止痛的功效,可治嘔吐、呃逆等胃疾,能緩解化療所致的惡心嘔吐等消化道反應(yīng)。以上諸穴合用,可起到健脾和胃、補腎益精、調(diào)節(jié)氣血的功效。
疲乏是一種主觀體驗,很少是一種孤立的癥狀,最常見與其他癥狀如疼痛、睡眠障礙、情緒困擾等一起發(fā)生。美國國立綜合癌癥網(wǎng)絡(luò)指南建議評估CRF的伴發(fā)癥狀,并積極處理可干預(yù)的影響因素,運動被證實能緩解腫瘤患者的疲乏,但指南中并未給出具體的運動方案,需要專業(yè)人員根據(jù)患者的具體情況制訂個體化的運動方案,而值得注意的是,正在接受抗腫瘤治療的患者對運動療法的依從性較差[24]。本研究采用TEAS作為干預(yù)措施,無需針刺操作,具有無創(chuàng)傷、操作簡便的優(yōu)點,且避免了部分患者畏懼針刺的問題,依從性較高。本研究結(jié)果顯示,TEAS可改善CRF患者的疲勞狀態(tài),從而減輕軀體癥狀,提高生活質(zhì)量。TEAS可作為正在接受抗腫瘤治療患者的CRF的輔助治療手段,值得在臨床上進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用。
本研究結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激可作為CRF的輔助治療手段,但本研究仍存在以下不足:①研究發(fā)現(xiàn),化療次數(shù)越多,CRF越嚴(yán)重,但由于樣本量有限,本研究未根據(jù)不同癌種、化療方案、化療周期等進(jìn)行分層分析。②本研究主要結(jié)局指標(biāo)為量表評分,缺乏更客觀的評價指標(biāo),后續(xù)可進(jìn)一步在此方面探討。③觀察周期短,TEAS治療的效果與療程長短的關(guān)系不明確。有待將來大樣本量的隨機對照試驗進(jìn)一步深入探討。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] ?NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology-Cancer-Related Fatigue(Version Ⅰ. 2017) [DB/OL]. http://www.nccn.org.
[2] ?Hofman M,Ryan JL,F(xiàn)igueroa-Moseley CD,et al. Cancer-related fatigue:the scale of the problem [J]. Oncologist,2007,12(Suppl 1):4-10.
[3] ?Henry DH,Viswanathan HN,Elkin EP,et al. Symptoms and treatment burden associated with cancer treatment:results from a cross-sectional national survey in the US [J]. Support Care Cancer,2008,16(7):791-801.
[4] ?He XR,Wang Q,Li PP. Acupuncture and moxibustion for cancer-related fatigue:a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(5):3067-3074.
[5] ?黃菲,趙焰.經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激治療癌因性疲乏的隨機對照試驗研究[J].中國康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2019,34(6):688-692.
[6] ?孫秋子.簡易式經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激緩解腫瘤患者癌因性疲乏的效果[J].中華現(xiàn)代護(hù)理雜志,2011,17(29):3486-3488.
[7] ?中國抗癌協(xié)會.新編常見惡性腫瘤診治規(guī)范(合訂本)[M].北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,1999:773.
[8] ?薛秀娟,許翠萍,楊雪瑩,等.癌因性疲乏測評工具及評價指標(biāo)的研究進(jìn)展[J].中華護(hù)理雜志,2012,47(9):859-861.
[9] ?萬崇華,孟瓊,湯學(xué)良,等.癌癥患者生命質(zhì)量測定量表FACT-G中文版評介[J].實用腫瘤雜志,2006,21(1):77-80.
[10] ?Yeh MH,Chao CH,Koo M,et al. Association of traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and moderate-to-severe cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients [J]. Complement Ther Med,2019,43:44-48.
[11] ?Ancoli-Israel S,Liu L,Rissling M,et al. Sleep,fatigue,depression,and circadian activity rhythms in women with breast cancer before and after treatment:a 1-year longitudinal study [J]. Support Care Cancer,2014,22(9):2535-2545.
[12] ?張紅娟,許海榮,李巧梅,等.影響胃癌化療期間患者癌性疲乏發(fā)生的危險因素分析及自我管理模式的干預(yù)效果研究[J].現(xiàn)代腫瘤醫(yī)學(xué),2019,27(23):4238-4242.
[13] ?曹丹,楊薇,羅文燕,等.肺癌化療患者癌因性疲乏的調(diào)查分析[J].解放軍醫(yī)藥雜志,2018,30(9):16-19.
[14] ?周潔瓊,陳祥建.自我管理教育對女性結(jié)直腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期癌因性疲乏及生命質(zhì)量的影響分析[J].中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生,2018,56(31):80-83,86.
[15] ?劉旻,任中賢,姚麗萍,等.患者微信群結(jié)合奧馬哈系統(tǒng)模式的延續(xù)護(hù)理對肺癌癌因性疲乏的影響[J].中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生,2018,56(15):149-152.
[16] ?李瓊,涂朝勇.正念減壓療法對肝癌介入化療栓塞患者癌因性疲乏和睡眠質(zhì)量的改善作用[J].中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生,2019,57(6):59-62.
[17] ?葉華清.淋巴瘤化療伴癌因性疲乏患者實施護(hù)理干預(yù)后的效果觀察[J].中國醫(yī)藥科學(xué),2018,8(19):115-117,196.
[18] ?Liao M,Xie Y,Yan J,et al. Effect of acupuncture at 3 anti-fatigue acupoints in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue in patients with cancer:protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [J]. Medicine,2019,98(23):e15919.
[19] ?Arring NM,Barton DL,Brooks T,et al. Integrative therapies for cancer-related fatigue [J]. Cancer J,2019,25:349-356.
[20] ?Baydoun M,Barton DL,Peterson M,et al. Yoga for cancer-related fatigue in survivors of hematopoietic cell transplantation:a feasibility study [J]. J Pain Symptom Manage,2020,59(3):702-708.
[21] ?胡彩瓊.經(jīng)絡(luò)熱度感測-背俞穴療法在癌因性疲勞中的臨床研究[D].廣州:廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2016.
[22] ?蘇雅.針刺補虛組穴治療癌因性疲乏的臨床研究[D].合肥:安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2016.
[23] ?羅梓萍,宋夢初,費亞平.足三里穴位注射治療38例惡性腫瘤的臨床觀察[J].中國民間療法,2017(10):22-23.
[24] ?Nilsson M,Arving C,Thormodsen I,et al. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity is associated with modified fatigue during and after cancer treatment [J]. Support Care Cancer,2019. [Epub ahead of print].
(收稿日期:2019-11-26 ?本文編輯:李亞聰)