高峰 郭琿
[摘要] 目的 研究1,25-二羥維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]對單側(cè)輸尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠腎間質(zhì)纖維化的影響。 方法 采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將54只wistar大鼠分為假手術(shù)組(A組)、UUO組(B組)和1,25(OH)2D3治療組(C組),每組18只。C組灌胃1,25(OH)2D3 3 ng/(d·100 g),A組和B組灌胃等量花生油。B組和C組左側(cè)輸尿管結(jié)扎,A組輸尿管只游離不結(jié)扎,每組術(shù)后第1、3、7天分批處死6只大鼠,并取留取左側(cè)腎臟。常規(guī)檢測血肌酐水平,蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色觀察腎臟病理形態(tài),免疫組化法檢測大鼠腎臟平滑肌動蛋白(a-SMA)、叉頭P3蛋白(FOXP3),Western blot法測磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)。 結(jié)果 術(shù)后第1、3、7天B組血肌酐、a-SMA水平均高于A組,C組血清肌酐、a-SMA水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05)。A組大鼠腎臟組織形態(tài)正常,B組大鼠腎臟組織隨梗阻時間延長,可見腎小管擴(kuò)張及間質(zhì)水腫,而C組較B組腎小管變性減輕。術(shù)后第1、3、7天B組p-AMPK、FOXP3水平均低于A組,C組p-AMPK、FOXP3水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 1,25(OH)2D3可延緩腎間質(zhì)纖維化,其機(jī)制可能與激活A(yù)MPK進(jìn)而促進(jìn)調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞的活化有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 1,25-二羥維生素D3;腎間質(zhì)纖維化;腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶;調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞
[中圖分類號] R692? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)05(a)-0041-04
Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 delaying renal interstitial fibrosis by T regulatory cell
GAO Feng1? ?GUO Hui2
1.The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan? ?030001, China; 2.Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan? ?030001, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods According to random number table method, 54 wistar rats were divided into sham operation group (group A), UUO group (group B) and 1,25 (OH)2D3 treatment group (group C), with 18 rats in each group. Group C was gavaged 3 ng/(d·100 g) of 1,25(OH)2D3 every day. Group A and group B were gavaged the same amount of peanut oil. The left ureter ligation was performed in group B and group C. Group A was treated with ureteral free, but not ligated. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation, 6 rats were killed in batches, and the left kidney was retained. Serum creatinine were measured in each group. Renal pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and forkhead P3 protein (FOXP3) in the kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Results On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation, the serum creatinine,a-SMA levels of group B was higher than those of group A, and the serum creatinine,a-SMA levels of group C was lower than those of group B (all P < 0.05). The renal tissue morphology of group A was normal, while the renal tissue of group B was prolonged with the obstruction time, showing renal tubules dilatation and interstitial edema, while the tubular degeneration of group C was reduced compared with that of group B. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after operation, p-AMPK and FOXP3 levels in group B were lower than those in group A, p-AMPK and FOXP3 levels in group C were higher than those in group B (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 1,25(OH)2D3 can delay renal interstitial fibrosis, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK to promote the activation of regulatory T cells.
[Key words] 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; Renal interstitial fibrosis; Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; T regulatory cell
腎間質(zhì)纖維化是終末期腎臟病的共同腎臟病理改變,近期發(fā)現(xiàn)腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)在腎間質(zhì)纖維化中扮演著重要角色,在高糖和高脂作用下,AMPK的激活可延緩腎臟纖維化[1-2]。AMPK可促進(jìn)調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)分化,而Treg在改善慢性腎臟病中起重要作用[3-5]。1,25-二羥維生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]不僅可調(diào)節(jié)鈣磷代謝,還可阻斷腎小管上皮細(xì)胞間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)分化(EMT)[6]。因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究1,25(OH)2D3對腎間質(zhì)纖維化大鼠AMPK及Treg的影響,既而探討1,25(OH)2D3延緩腎間質(zhì)纖維化的可能機(jī)制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物
健康清潔雄性Wistar大鼠54只,3~4周齡,質(zhì)量約150 g,購于山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心,許可證編號SCXK(晉)2015-0001,合格批號:0107010。飼養(yǎng)條件:相對濕度37%~39%,室溫25℃左右。自由飲水?dāng)z食,實(shí)驗(yàn)前飼養(yǎng)7 d,適應(yīng)環(huán)境。
1.2 主要試劑
抗兔β-action(美國Cell Signaling公司,貨號:3700S);羊抗兔IgG抗體(碧云天公司,貨號:A0208);叉頭蛋白P3(FOXP3)抗體(invitrogen公司,生產(chǎn)批號:2044725);BCA蛋白濃度測定試劑盒(博士德公司,生產(chǎn)批號:13G18B46);SDS-PAGE凝膠盒(博士德公司,生產(chǎn)批號:14E17B38);抗平滑肌動蛋白(a-SMA)抗體(美國Cell Signaling公司,生產(chǎn)批號:04120 18);抗p-AMPK抗體(美國Cell Signaling公司,生產(chǎn)批號:0312018);1,25(OH)2D3(Sigma公司,貨號:D1530)。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組與處理
采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分成假手術(shù)組(A組)、單側(cè)輸尿管梗阻(UUO)組(B組)和1,25(OH)2D3治療組(C組),每組18只。C組灌胃1,25(OH)2D3 3 ng/(d·100 g),A組和B組灌胃等量花生油。B組和C組左側(cè)輸尿管結(jié)扎,A組輸尿管只游離不結(jié)扎,每組術(shù)后第1、3、7天分批處死6只大鼠,并取左側(cè)腎臟。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1 血肌酐檢測? 終點(diǎn)酶法檢測大鼠血肌酐。
1.4.2 腎組織病理形態(tài)觀察? 常規(guī)石蠟包埋切片,蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色,200倍顯微鏡下觀察腎組織切片。
1.4.3 免疫組化檢測a-SMA、FOXP3水平? 組織蠟塊切片脫蠟進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù),加一抗,37℃水浴2 h,PBS洗3次,再加二抗,37℃水浴40 min,PBS洗3次,再加辣根過氧化物酶,37℃,20 min,PBS洗3次,后加入顯色劑,蒸餾水沖洗,復(fù)染、脫水、透明后封片。隨意取10個視野,Image Pro Plus 6.0計算陽性染色區(qū)域的積分光密度值和測量區(qū)域的總面積,并對免疫組織化學(xué)染色進(jìn)行分析。
1.4.4 Western blot法檢測P-AMPK水平? 腎組織加入細(xì)胞裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,4℃、12 000 r/min離心5 min,離心半徑15 cm,取上清液,BCA法測定蛋白濃度,SDS-PAGE凝膠盒分離,轉(zhuǎn)膜后用2%牛血清蛋白(BSA)37℃封閉2 h,一抗4℃孵育過夜,漂洗后加入二抗孵育,后加入增強(qiáng)化學(xué)發(fā)光法曝光顯影,膠片掃描后用Image Lab軟件對各條帶灰度值進(jìn)行測定。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布計量資料的數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布的組間比較采用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)(秩和檢驗(yàn))。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組血清肌酐水平比較
術(shù)后第1、3、7天B組血肌酐水平均高于A組,C組血清肌酐水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 三組腎組織a-SMA水平比較
術(shù)后第1、3、7天B組a-SMA水平均高于A組,C組a-SMA水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組HE染色結(jié)果比較
A組大鼠腎臟組織形態(tài)正常,B組大鼠腎臟組織隨梗阻時間延長,可見腎小管擴(kuò)張及間質(zhì)水腫,而C組較B組腎小管變性減輕。見圖1。
2.4 三組腎組織p-AMPK水平比較
術(shù)后第1、3、7天B組p-AMPK水平均低于A組,C組p-AMPK水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05)。見圖2、表3。
AMPK:腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶
2.5 三組腎組織FOXP3水平比較
術(shù)后第1、3、7天B組FOXP3水平均低于A組,C組FOXP3水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05)。見表4。
3 討論
腎間質(zhì)纖維化與持續(xù)存在的腎臟炎癥有關(guān),腎臟炎癥激活免疫細(xì)胞,進(jìn)而釋放轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子(TGF-β),TGF-β誘導(dǎo)EMT,而a-SMA可反映EMT程度[7-11]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后第1、3、7天C組a-SMA水平均低于B組(均P < 0.05),提示1,25(OH)2D3可延緩大鼠腎間質(zhì)纖維化。
1,25(OH)2D3可調(diào)節(jié)鈣磷代謝,近期其腎臟保護(hù)作用受到人們的重視。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[4,12],AMPK有抑制多條纖維化通路及決定T細(xì)胞激活和分化的作用。AMPK作為能量傳感器,當(dāng)細(xì)胞能量缺乏時,三磷酸腺苷(ATP)供能后被分解成一磷酸腺苷(AMP),AMP與AMPK的調(diào)節(jié)亞基結(jié)合,進(jìn)而抑制催化基團(tuán)上蘇氨酸的脫磷酸作用激活A(yù)MPK[13]。Lu等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)二甲雙胍可激活A(yù)MPK,減少TGF-β誘導(dǎo)的I型膠原產(chǎn)生。Bakhshalizadeh等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)1,25(OH)2D3可激活A(yù)MPK,調(diào)節(jié)多囊卵巢綜合征小鼠模型顆粒細(xì)胞中類固醇的生成。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后第1、3、7天C組p-AMPK水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05),提示1,25(OH)2D3可作為AMPK的激活劑。
輔助性T細(xì)胞(Th17)與Treg的動態(tài)平衡在維持炎癥中至關(guān)重要,本課題組前期發(fā)現(xiàn)UUO模型中Th17被激活[16]。Treg中表現(xiàn)出更高水平的AMPK,而AMPK活化后可抑制糖酵解和增強(qiáng)脂質(zhì)氧化來控制T細(xì)胞分化[17-19]。Tian等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)吡格列酮可調(diào)節(jié)AMPK依賴機(jī)制中的Th17/Treg平衡來穩(wěn)定動脈粥樣硬化斑塊。Treg可特異性表達(dá)FOXP3,所以FOXP3水平可反映Treg的分化程度。本研究結(jié)果顯示,C組FOXP3水平均高于B組(均P < 0.05),提示1,25(OH)2D3可能通過誘導(dǎo)AMPK激活來促進(jìn)Treg的分化延緩腎間質(zhì)纖維化。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-21? 本文編輯:劉明玉)