劉玥 孫國強
摘要:傳統(tǒng)字符識別方法缺乏對污染車牌字符正確識別的能力,難以有效分辨易混淆字符等。針對這些弊端,采用MATLAB對真實車牌字符圖像進(jìn)行處理,提出一種基于離散Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的改進(jìn)算法(CLP-HNN),對車牌字母及數(shù)字進(jìn)行識別。實驗結(jié)果表明,該算法對污染車牌字符識別率達(dá)93.3%,不僅可有效降低污染車牌錯誤識別的風(fēng)險,而且可提高易混淆字符正確辨別率,對減少車牌誤識別引起的交通安全及秩序問題有較大參考價值。
關(guān)鍵字:污染車牌;字符識別;Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
DOI:10. 11907/rjdk. 192300 開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID):
中圖分類號:TP301文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1672-7800(2020)007-0032-04
Contaminated License Plate Character Recognition
Based on Discrete Hopfield Neural Network
LIU Yue, SUN Guo-qiang
(School of Optical-Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)
Abstract: To improve the disadvantages of traditional character recognition methods which lack of ability of correctly recognizing contaminated license plate characters and effectively distinguishing the confusing characters, this paper utilizes MATLAB to process the real license plate character images and proposed the contaminated license plate-Hopfield neural network(CLP-HNN) which is a modified algorithm based on discrete Hopfield neural network to recognize the letters and numbers of contaminated license plate. Experiment results have shown that the recognition rate of contaminated license plate characters by CLP-HNN algorithm can reach 93.3%. It indicates the method proposed in this paper can not only effectively decrease the risk of misrecognition of contaminated license plates but also improve the correct discrimination rate of confusing characters, which is of great significance for reducing traffic safety problems caused by license plate recognition.
Key Words: contaminated license plate; characters recognition; Hopfield neural network
0 引言
智能交通系統(tǒng)(Intelligent Transportation System,ITS)的主要目標(biāo)是在交通運輸管理系統(tǒng)中運用先進(jìn)的信息、通信、計算機等技術(shù)使系統(tǒng)更加實時高效[1-2]。車牌識別技術(shù)作為城市智能交通中采集分析信息的重要方式,承擔(dān)了極其重要的任務(wù)[3-4]。常規(guī)車牌識別技術(shù)一般分為3個環(huán)節(jié):定位[5]、分割[6]及識別[7],環(huán)環(huán)相扣。由于車牌字符正確識別率直接關(guān)系到車牌識別系統(tǒng)性能,所以成為完善智能交通管理系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵。
然而現(xiàn)實場景中車牌大多受到程度不一的污染,比如雨雪污泥沾染、人為惡意改動以及長期使用造成的質(zhì)量退化等,這種車牌通常被稱為“污染車牌”,也是當(dāng)前車牌識別難點之一。大多數(shù)車牌字符識別是針對正常車牌的,對污染字符缺少成熟的手段,無法確保結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確、高效。因此,如何從這些殘缺、改動、模糊的字符中獲取正確完整的字符信息是識別的關(guān)鍵問題。鑒于字母及數(shù)字字符的人為污染可能性及對識別結(jié)果的影響程度均大于漢字字符,所以本文主要針對字母和數(shù)字進(jìn)行研究。
目前常用車牌字符識別技術(shù)主要分為基于模板匹配的字符識別算法[8-9]、基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的字符識別算法[10-12]、基于特征統(tǒng)計匹配法[13]等。文獻(xiàn)[14]提出基于數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)的模糊模板匹配方法,但是對質(zhì)量差的字符識別效果欠佳;肖曉等[15]通過細(xì)化字符字庫,提出一種改進(jìn)的模版匹配算法,在一定程度上克服了傳統(tǒng)模版匹配無法識別殘缺字符的缺點;Parekh等[16]提出一種新的識別算法,它以動態(tài)生成的車牌字符作為數(shù)據(jù)庫模板,對字符進(jìn)行識別;高強[17]利用張量積小波分解高頻子圖具有方向性的特點,提取字符筆畫特征,得到反映字符結(jié)構(gòu)和統(tǒng)計特征的聯(lián)和特征向量,從而實現(xiàn)字符;Masood等[18]詳細(xì)介紹了一種全自動車牌檢測識別系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)核心技術(shù)由深度卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(CNN)等算法結(jié)合而成;Zhang等[19]使用自然圖像訓(xùn)練Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),以實現(xiàn)自然圖像的有效壓縮和恢復(fù);Soni等[20]提出一種使用云Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)識別低分辨率灰度面部圖像的方法,該網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以處理變形面部,例如戴太陽鏡或口罩遮住部分面龐的人。
對于學(xué)習(xí)率[η],當(dāng)訓(xùn)練樣本為50、訓(xùn)練次數(shù)為80時,學(xué)習(xí)率為0.9,識別率最高。如表1所示。
對于訓(xùn)練次數(shù),當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)率為0.9,訓(xùn)練樣本數(shù)為50時,訓(xùn)練次數(shù)為75和80時識別率均比較高,但識別率為80時,時延較小,如表2所示。所以本文取學(xué)習(xí)率為0.9,訓(xùn)練次數(shù)為80。
2.3 算法評估
為驗證算法效果,對算法進(jìn)行綜合對比:首先對改進(jìn)的Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與傳統(tǒng)Hopfield進(jìn)行縱向?qū)Ρ?然后,將本文算法與其它算法進(jìn)行對比。
表3中的字符“0”極易認(rèn)為改動為“C”、“G”、“Q”、“8”等,“8”易改動為“0”等,以這些字符為例展示識別結(jié)果更具有說服力。由表3實驗結(jié)果表明,傳統(tǒng)Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不能很好地識別污染車牌,改進(jìn)的Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在識別結(jié)果上有明顯優(yōu)勢,尤其對于相似字符本文方法識別率明顯更高。
不同算法在相同測試集下的實驗結(jié)果如表4所示。
仿真結(jié)果與實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,對于測試集中的字符識別率而言,模板匹配算法是最不理想的,由于算法本身特性導(dǎo)致其對于易混淆字符的識別錯誤率較高;神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)算法對于該類污染字符的識別更加有效,而本文提出的CLP-HNN算法識別率最高,污染車牌識別效果最好。
3 結(jié)語
本文提出一種CLP-HNN算法實現(xiàn)對污染車牌字符的識別,避免了傳統(tǒng)離散Hopfield神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在的弊端。MATLAB模擬結(jié)果表明,CLP-HNN對污染車牌的缺失、改動及不完整信息有良好的容錯性,聯(lián)想記憶成功率也較其它算法更高,識別結(jié)果更加貼近準(zhǔn)確字符,具有優(yōu)越的污染車牌字符識別能力。本文實驗僅考慮了數(shù)字和字母字符,尚未驗證CLP-HNN算法是否符合漢字識別,因此將針對該方向繼續(xù)深入研究。
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(責(zé)任編輯:江 艷)