by Grace Fleming

景一 編譯

Have you ever wondered how you can bomb1 a test after studying for hours？ A poor test result after many hours of studying is really confusing. If this happens to you， its possible that your current study habits are failing you， but you can turn them.

你是否想知道，在復(fù)習(xí)了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，為什么還能把考試搞砸？好幾個(gè)小時(shí)的認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)只換來(lái)糟糕的考試成績(jī)，這真的很令人困惑。如果這種情況發(fā)生在你身上，可能是你目前的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣不對(duì)，但你可以改變它們。

1. Taking Linear2 Notes做線性筆記

Linear notes are lecture notes that students take when they try to write down every word of a lecture in good order. You may be wondering： How can it be bad to write every word of a lecture？ Its not bad to write every word of a lecture， but it is bad to think youre studying effectively if you dont follow up with your linear notes in some way.

You must revisit your notes and put all the information into a chart3 or outline. Right before every new lecture， you should review your notes from days past. You should think and make relationships between key concepts4 before you sit down for a new lecture.

做線性筆記指的是，學(xué)生在做課堂筆記時(shí)試圖按順序記下每一個(gè)單詞。你可能會(huì)想：把課堂的每一個(gè)字都記下來(lái)不好嗎？把一堂課的每一個(gè)字都記下來(lái)并不是壞事，但如果你不對(duì)你的線性筆記采取任何后續(xù)手段，卻認(rèn)為自己是在有效地學(xué)習(xí)，這就糟糕了。

你必須重新審視你的筆記，并將信息全部歸納到圖表或大綱中去。在每堂新課之前，你應(yīng)該復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去幾天的筆記。在坐下來(lái)聽(tīng)新課之前，你應(yīng)該思考并弄清關(guān)鍵概念之間的關(guān)系。

2. Highlighting5 the Book在書(shū)本上亂做標(biāo)記

Bright colors on a page make a big visual impact. If you highlight a lot as you read， it may seem like a lot of good studying is going on when that is not the case. Highlighting does make important information stand out on a page， but that doesnt do you much good if you dont follow up with some meaningful active learning with that information. Reading highlighted words again and again is not active enough.

You can put highlighted words onto flashcards6 and practise until you know every concept. You should also develop a way of color-coded highlighting. Highlight new words in one color and new concepts in another， for example. You could also highlight separate topics according to a color code.

頁(yè)面上鮮艷的顏色會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的視覺(jué)沖擊。你在閱讀的時(shí)候如果標(biāo)記了很多內(nèi)容，這看上去也許是個(gè)好習(xí)慣，但事實(shí)并非如此。做標(biāo)記確實(shí)會(huì)使重要信息在頁(yè)面上凸顯出來(lái)，但如果你沒(méi)有對(duì)這些信息進(jìn)行有意義的主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，這就對(duì)你沒(méi)什么好處。一次又一次地看被標(biāo)記出來(lái)的內(nèi)容并不算足夠主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)。

你可以把標(biāo)記的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)在抽認(rèn)卡上來(lái)進(jìn)行練習(xí)，直到你熟知每一個(gè)概念。你還應(yīng)該制定一套使用不同顏色來(lái)做標(biāo)記的方法。例如，用一種顏色來(lái)標(biāo)記新詞，用另一種顏色來(lái)標(biāo)記新的概念。你還可以用不同顏色來(lái)標(biāo)記不同的主題。

3. Rewriting Notes重寫(xiě)筆記

Some students rewrite notes because they believe it is good for memorization7. It is valuable as a first step， but its not that effective all alone.

You should make your notes briefer while rewriting them. You can also switch8 class notes with a classmate and exchange practice exams to test each other until you are comfortable with the material.

一些學(xué)生認(rèn)為重寫(xiě)筆記有助于記憶。重寫(xiě)筆記作為第一步是很有用的，但光是重復(fù)并沒(méi)有那么有效。

在重寫(xiě)筆記的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該使之更加精簡(jiǎn)。你還可以與同學(xué)交換課堂筆記和交換做測(cè)試練習(xí)題，直到你對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)材料了然于心。

4. Rereading the Chapter重讀章節(jié)

Students are often encouraged to re-read a chapter on the night before an exam to reinforce9 what theyve learned. Rereading is a good way as a last step. Just like the other study habits mentioned above， rereading is only one part of studying.

You should make sure to use active steps like charts， and practice tests and follow up with rereading your chapter.

人們經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在考試前一天的晚上重讀章節(jié)，以鞏固他們所學(xué)的知識(shí)。作為最后一步，重讀是個(gè)很好的方法。但就像上面提到的其他學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣一樣，重讀只是學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。

你應(yīng)該在采用了積極的方法，如圖表、測(cè)試練習(xí)之后，再來(lái)重讀章節(jié)。

5. Memorizing Definitions10 記定義

Students spend a lot of time using flashcards to memorize definitions. This is a good study method， as long as its a first step of learning. However， you cant expect to do well on an exam by memorizing the definitions. You should understand how they are related in the subject， and compare them to similar concepts.

Once you have memorized the definitions， give yourself a short practice test. The act of testing and retesting yourself somehow makes the information stick.

學(xué)生們花很多時(shí)間用抽認(rèn)卡來(lái)記憶定義。如果作為學(xué)習(xí)的第一步，這就是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。但你不能指望記住定義就能考好。你應(yīng)該理解它們?cè)谠撝黝}中是如何相關(guān)聯(lián)的，并將它們與類似的概念進(jìn)行比較。

如果你記住了定義，可以進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的自我測(cè)試練習(xí)。反復(fù)的測(cè)試練習(xí)能幫助你鞏固所學(xué)內(nèi)容。

（英語(yǔ)原文摘自：www.thoughtco.com）