周艷春
一、試題分析
高考語法填空是一篇200字左右的短文或?qū)υ?,設(shè)空分為用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空和純空格題 。通常設(shè)置6-7個(gè)根據(jù)給出單詞的正確形式填空(填詞量不多于三個(gè)單詞),3-4個(gè)根據(jù)上下文在空白處填一個(gè)虛詞(填詞量一個(gè)單詞)。要求考生閱讀一篇短文,然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求完成10道語法填空題。做題要求:一是在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~;二是使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。
二、語法填空的能力要求
(1)閱讀/理解語篇的能力;
(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;
(3)熟練運(yùn)用語法的能力;
(4)單詞拼寫能力。
理解語篇、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、 運(yùn)用語法、單詞拼寫
三、語法填空的考查范圍
(1)語境測(cè)試(上下文);
(2)語法測(cè)試:動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。
①動(dòng)詞:時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語動(dòng)詞等;
②引導(dǎo)詞:一些從句的使用, 如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等;
③形容詞、副詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞之間的詞型、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換, 形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)等;
④介詞:一些常用介詞的基本用法、介詞短語的用法;
⑤名詞、冠詞:注意名詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)以及冠詞的特殊性用法;
⑥代詞:注意代詞所指代的對(duì)象和前后對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系;
⑦并列詞:and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、對(duì)比的詞,以及表示承接、轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞therefore, however的用法;
⑧句型:要求歸納整理, 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型, 如: not...until...; notonly...but (also)...; so...that...; not...but...;as...as...; either...or...;more...than...;neither...nor...;such...that...;hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。
3. 態(tài)度要求
不斷記憶,積累詞匯
夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),學(xué)好語法
大聲朗讀,培養(yǎng)語感
堅(jiān)持不懈,多做練習(xí)
四、語法填空的正確解題步驟
1、瀏覽全文,把握語篇
2、邊讀邊填,先易后難
3、驗(yàn)證復(fù)查,清除難點(diǎn)。
五、語法填空解題技巧
1、純空格試題的解題技巧
技巧1:當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語,填代詞。前后看,是指人、事物;指男、指女,單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù);還是填形式主語或形式賓語的it。
人稱代詞、物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞、不定代詞:some, any, many, much, everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, everybody,… both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, (a) few, (a) little, it, that, those, one, the one(s).
1、I was thin before I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldn't eat muc
技巧2: 在名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前,填限定詞。
如表示特指時(shí)用the/this/that/these/those
表示“一(個(gè),本,座……)”時(shí)用不定冠詞a/an
表示“某人的”,用形容詞性物主代詞
表示“一些”用some
表示“另一個(gè)”用another
表示“每一個(gè)”用every/each
表示“其他的”用other等。
技巧3:句子不缺主語、表語、動(dòng)詞后不缺賓語的情況下,名詞或代詞前面,一定是填介詞。
常用介詞:in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, in front of, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, instead of, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, during, into, thro
技巧4:若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間設(shè)空,可能是填并列連詞。
并列連詞:and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but
技巧5:若兩句之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào),一般填并列連詞或從屬連詞。若兩句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系有逗號(hào)填however,前后對(duì)比用while,表因果關(guān)系有逗號(hào)填therefore、thus, 無逗號(hào)填so。
并列連詞:and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but
定語從句連詞:關(guān)系代詞:that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 關(guān)副:when, where, why
名詞性從句連詞: 連詞:that, if, whether; 關(guān)代:what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 關(guān)副:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however (because, as if…)
狀語從句連詞:時(shí)間:when, while, as, before, after, the first time/day…, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until, not…until, 地點(diǎn):where, wherever, everywhere, 原因:because, as, since, now that, considering that, given that, 目的:in order that, so that, lest, in case, for fear that, 結(jié)果:so/such…that, 比較:than, as…as, the more…the more, 讓步:although, though, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or, 比較:as, as if/though, 條件:if, unless, as long as…
技巧6:若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空格后的謂語動(dòng)詞是原形,特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí),一般是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did等)。
技巧7:由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、感嘆)