孫峰 于騰波 劉金鑫 張益 寇建強 鄭修軍
[摘要] 目的 分析頸椎前路椎間盤切除減壓植骨融合術(ACDF)治療單節(jié)段頸椎病術后鄰近節(jié)段退變(ASD)的發(fā)病率及危險因素。方法 回顧性分析2015年7月—2017年12月于我科行ACDF治療單節(jié)段頸椎病病人60例的臨床及影像學資料。結果 術后隨訪2年,按照影像學評定標準,ASD的發(fā)病率為23.3%(14/60)。ASD組和無退變組病人性別、椎管直徑比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);ASD組病人年齡大于無退變組,術后Cobb角和鋼板距鄰近椎間隙之間的距離(PDD)均小于無退變組,差異有顯著意義(t=-8.12~2.83,P<0.05)。結論 手術時年齡與ASD的發(fā)病率相關,PDD過小、頸椎生理曲度恢復不佳會導致ASD的發(fā)生。
[關鍵詞] 脊柱融合術;頸椎;椎間盤切除術;椎間盤退行性變;影響因素分析
[中圖分類號] R687.3;R681.5 ?[文獻標志碼] A ?[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)05-0520-03
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.164 [開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)]
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the incidence rate of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for single-segment cervical spondylosis and related risk factors. ?Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical and imaging data of 60 patients with single-segment cervical spondylosis who underwent ACDF in our department from July 2015 to December 2017. ?Results After 2 years of follow-up, the incidence rate of ASD was 23.3% (14/60) according to imaging evaluation criteria. There were no significant differences in sex and spinal canal diameter between the ASD group and the non-ASD group (P>0.05), and compared with the non-ASD group, the ASD group had a significantly older age and a significantly lower postoperative Cobb angle and plate-to-disc distance (PDD) (t=-8.12 to 2.83,P<0.05). ?Conclusion Age at the time of surgery is correlated with the incidence rate of AS, and small PDD and poor recovery of cervical physiolo-gical curvature can cause ASD.
[KEY WORDS] spinal fusion; cervical vertebrae; diskectomy; intervertebral disc degeneration; root cause analysis
頸椎病是脊柱外科常見疾病,頸椎前路椎間盤切除減壓融合術(ACDF)是治療頸椎病的標準術式,術后頸椎生物力學的改變,加速了相鄰椎間盤退變的進程,術后發(fā)生鄰近節(jié)段退變(ASD)是ACDF術后的遠期并發(fā)癥之一,也是造成ACDF術后翻修的一個常見原因。本文對ACDF治療頸椎病病人進行隨訪,探討ASD發(fā)病率及主要的影響因素。現將結果報告如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2015年7月—2017年12月,選取在我院進行ACDF手術、采用鈦板聯合Cage固定方式治療頸椎病病人60例,男33例,女27例;年齡44~77歲,平均(61.68±6.66)歲。術前診斷均為脊髓型或神經根型頸椎病。入組標準:①明確診斷為頸椎病病人;②行頸前路單節(jié)段減壓鈦板聯合Cage融合內固定術。排除標準:①術前鄰近節(jié)段發(fā)生嚴重退變;②術后發(fā)生嚴重并發(fā)癥。
1.2 手術方法
取右側頸部橫切口,逐層暴露,將氣管、食管與頸部動脈鞘分離,縱行切開氣管前筋膜,并將氣管、食管牽向左側,暴露椎前筋膜。在椎間隙插入定位針,C型臂X線透視定位椎間隙,安放撐開螺釘,放置頸椎自動撐開器以恢復頸椎曲度及椎間隙高度;尖刀片切開椎間盤,刮除責任椎間盤至上下軟骨終板。充分減壓,椎間隙植入大小合適Cage一枚,前方放置鈦板,加壓固定,放置引流管后逐層縫合。
1.3 ASD診斷標準
病人術前、末次隨訪均行頸椎正、側位X線及MRI檢查。根據既往文獻,參考PARK等[1]對鄰近節(jié)段骨化的分級方法及MIYAZAKI等[2]建立的基于頸椎間盤MRI表現的退變評價系統(tǒng),ASD的診斷標準如下:①鄰近椎體有明顯骨贅形成;②鄰近椎間隙明顯變窄;③MRI上鄰近椎間隙呈低信號且明顯塌陷;④MRI上鄰近椎間盤突出壓迫硬膜囊。以上條件滿足其一即診斷為ASD。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))