趙霞
劍橋大學的官網(wǎng)上,有一份長長的校內(nèi)圖書館名錄,按館名首字母排列,共有140家。
這140家圖書館分布在劍橋全市各處,分別隸屬劍橋大學的各個學院、系、學科、研究所、實驗室等,向校內(nèi)師生開放。
其中最著名的,當然是劍橋大學圖書館。該館始建于15世紀初,最初的藏書主要來自捐贈。1709年,英國頒布版權法后,要求凡本國出版的圖書,均需將一冊樣本送呈該館,館藏量由此激增。圖書館目前的主址在劍橋市中心西面,由英國建筑師賈爾斯·吉爾伯特·司各特設計,其標志性的塔樓聳立于主館之上,老遠就能望見。
我日常去得最多的,是教育系和霍莫頓學院的兩座圖書館。教育系的辦公樓瑪麗·艾倫樓,進門右首就是教育系圖書館的入口,館內(nèi)設有兒童文學作品和理論資料的專架。
一
說來也巧,我到系里報到的第一天,坐在專供師生茶歇的咖啡角,還沒有見到中心的同事,就先結識了教育系的圖書館員海瑟。她懷著孕,臨盆在即,正坐在靠窗的沙發(fā)上,吃自己帶的水果點心。我們坐著聊了一會兒,起身離開時,她高興地說,圖書館見。
隨后,我才與兒童文學研究中心的同事喬·桑德斯接上了頭。
喬領著我,先把教育系的瑪麗·艾倫樓走了一遍。這是一幢小巧的3層樓房,面積不大,空間利用得格外好。我們沿著略顯狹窄的金屬樓梯下行時,喬把圖書館的位置指給我看,說,這個地方,你一定會常來的。
開始工作的第一天,我把背包和外衣往辦公室一放,就去了系圖書館。這是一座小型圖書館,空間并不寬敞。書架盡頭,沿著落地大窗而設的一長排書桌也是窄窄的,把椅子拉開時,總覺得隨時會碰到書架。但坐在桌前,光線充足,抬頭可見玻璃窗外的大草坪,一地碧色。我向工作臺的館員問起海瑟,原來她已經(jīng)回家待產(chǎn)了。
兒童文學研究中心是教育系的特色,圖書館館藏十分豐富。
此外設有兒童文學專架的便是霍莫頓學院圖書館。教育系學生日常的食宿就歸霍莫頓學院管。學院的門房在教育系隔壁的唐納德·麥金泰爾樓,進門右首,就是圖書館的入口。此館共有3層,兒童文學專架立在三樓,占了滿滿一面南向的墻壁。這里的空間比系圖書館寬敞,各層書架間圍成多個U形,隔出相對獨立的空間。擺在中央的桌椅,頓時有了某種私人書房的奢侈感。后來,每每辦公室嘈雜的時候,我就跑到這里來工作。
圖書館對面就是霍莫頓學院的餐廳,供應簡單而美味的歐式餐食。這是一座古老的哥特式建筑,高聳寬大的穹頂,一溜到底的餐桌,還有盡頭的彩繪琉璃窗子瀉下的一點光亮,讓人想到電影《哈利·波特》里的霍格沃茨魔法學校。午間從圖書館出來,沿著碧綠的草坪直走到學院餐廳吃中飯,再慢步踱回到圖書館工作,也是一件愜意的事。
二
當然會有系、院圖書館找不到的資料,比如我感興趣的18世紀英國作家莎拉·特里默編寫的《教育衛(wèi)士》雜志,出版于19世紀初,只收藏在學校圖書館。其實我每次從住處去學院,都會經(jīng)過圖書館的側門。那是一條綠樹掩映的小路,拐彎處不遠,就是那扇雙合的鐵門。平日里,有半扇門總是開著,望進去,圖書館的塔樓就在幾十米開外。
不久后,我就從這扇側門第一次進入劍橋大學圖書館。從寬大的石梯拾級而上,進了旋轉門,就是底樓的前臺。這里的空間窄小逼仄,與劍橋大學圖書館的盛名似乎不相匹配。然而,等我存了包,刷了卡,進了門,沿著矮矮的步梯走上一樓,望著左中右3個方向延伸而去的幽深長廊,一時卻不知該往哪里走才好。
好在身后就是問詢處的大桌子。順著工作人員的指點,我踏上了左向的長廊。走在廊上,左首是高大的書架,右首是古式的石窗,舊紙墨的氣息撲面而來,頓時有種跌進歷史的錯覺。左右拐彎之后,找到了工作人員所說的電梯。這是一部老式電梯,得把最外面的一重門手動拉開,才能進去。電梯內(nèi)僅能容二三人,狹窄幽閉,運行時發(fā)出“咯吱咯吱”的響聲。到了目的樓層,還得拉開外層的門方能出來。
然而走出來,找了一圈,并未發(fā)現(xiàn)藏書室的入口,四周也無人。我只好硬著頭皮,再找一找,終于在一條細窄過道的盡頭,發(fā)現(xiàn)一扇小門,上寫著South Wing,正是我要找的南翼藏書室。
推門進去,便是一排排高大密實的書架。室內(nèi)空無一人,書架之間因為空間逼仄,光線也格外昏暗。走到中央,陰影里實在難以看清,我便把手機的燈光打開,沿著一道道書脊仔細搜尋。架子上的圖書密而齊整,靜立無言。手機的燈光每掃過一排書脊,我便會忍不住想,如果一本書也有個性,此刻,它是充滿了被閱讀的渴望,還是安于一種平靜的孤獨?
藏書室的另一頭,沿著窗戶,照例是一排長長的書桌。我坐到桌前,慢慢翻看找到的文獻。室內(nèi)沒有別人,書頁翻動的聲音窸窣可聞,窗外望見的是對面的古老石墻和屋檐,感覺時間過得很快,又很慢。
來得多了,漸漸了解更多。由主閱覽室通往西面的閱覽廳,可供辦理部分圖書的約取業(yè)務。往工作臺的預約卡上填寫圖書信息,半個小時左右,就可到后方的專架上取閱。還有一部分書籍收藏在離劍橋城不遠的伊利市儲藏館,需先在圖書館網(wǎng)上預約,等書送到,再至閱覽室登記取用。凡1900年前出版的圖書,都需預約到珍本閱覽室閱覽,不能借出。
我預約了《教育衛(wèi)士》雜志,3天后在系統(tǒng)上查到了可以閱看的消息,立即興沖沖趕往珍本閱覽室。館員查驗證件后,將兩冊合訂本小心地交給我。每冊圖書均套著一個粉色護封,寫著珍本館藏、不得借閱等字樣。
翻閱此書,需先在底下襯上厚而軟的枕墊,以防磨損。室內(nèi)的閱覽桌上,各擺著兩三個閱覽架子,架上擱著枕墊,形如張開的兩翼。打開的圖書輕輕地放在枕墊上,如托著的嬰兒一般。我手上的這兩冊書,分別印刷于1802年、1803年,迄今已歷經(jīng)200多年,除紙張質地顯薄,印制之清晰美觀,不輸今天的許多圖書。只是紙頁間若干泛黃的舊漬不時提醒我,這已是200多年前的思想和文字。
三
在劍橋大學功能強大的iDiscover系統(tǒng)查閱資料,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),童書研究的館藏雖以教育系、霍莫頓學院和學校圖書館為主,其分布卻十分廣泛。常能看見有些資料收藏在國王學院圖書館、圣約翰圖書館、邱吉爾學院圖書館、英語系圖書館、女王學院圖書館、基督學院圖書館等地。你會驚訝,這些書籍當初是如何進入這些圖書館的館藏,背后又有些什么樣的故事。
19世紀至20世紀英國文學史家哈維·達頓著名的開拓性史作《英格蘭童書史》,在校內(nèi)多家圖書館都有收藏,但僅有的4種首版圖書,既不在教育系或霍莫頓學院的圖書館,也不在學校圖書館,而是分別收在國王學院、圣約翰學院、格頓學院和英語系的圖書館。我是去距離住處最近的格頓學院圖書館借閱的此書。
格頓學院建院于19世紀,主區(qū)在劍橋北的亨廷頓路上,是隱在林間花園的一座古建筑,紅磚墻,白窗格,寧靜端雅。整個院區(qū)如一座巨大的四合院,從鐘樓下的大拱門走進去,是一大片露天的花園,走廊過道盡藏在四圍的樓體內(nèi)。
我向門房問了路,從拱門右面的入口進去。誰知長廊縱深曲折,一重門連著一重門,不一會兒就在里面迷路了,渾不知身之所在。這樣轉來轉去,忽在一扇闔著的門外看見了圖書館的標識。推門進去,前臺的工作人員起身相迎。交談幾句后,我才知道,遵照劍橋大學各圖書館的慣例,館際借閱需要提前預約。她幫我叫來了另一位館員,后者安排我稍坐,她去幫忙索尋文獻,如果找得著,便可免得我空跑一趟。結果不到兩分鐘,她就把1932年版的《英格蘭童書史》放在了我眼前。
我沒有想到,這是一冊哈維·達頓本人的簽名圖書。
翻開來,扉頁上方貼著的一小方紙箋說明,此書是H.I.麥克莫蘭小姐所贈,下方則是達頓的一段草書題字并簽名,寫于1932年9月。此時達頓年已54歲。1936年7月,也就是此書出版4年后,他在多切斯特郡醫(yī)院去世。麥克莫蘭小姐何許人也?是達頓相贈此書的友人,還是另受他人所托?達頓的題字并未寫明贈書的對象。為了辨認清楚那段文字,我與前臺的館員一起倚著書桌,一詞一句裁斷良久,也只識出五成。
我把扉頁拍了照帶回,以便繼續(xù)琢磨。幾天后的某一刻,忽然靈光乍現(xiàn),意識到它可能是《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》的一段引文。一對照,果然不錯。
這是“瘋帽子的茶會”一節(jié),三月兔對愛麗絲說的一番荒唐話。它先責備愛麗絲說話不夠率直:“你怎么想,就該怎么講。”愛麗絲回答:“我怎么講,我就怎么想。這是一樣的。”三月兔十分不滿:“照你這么講,說‘凡我吃的東西我都看見,就等于說‘凡我看見的東西我都吃,說‘凡我喜歡的東西我都要,就等于說‘凡我要的東西我都喜歡?”
這段話,顛來倒去,極其啰嗦,看似荒誕無稽,又在顛來倒去中自成邏輯,這正是《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》的典型趣味。
達頓對卡洛爾的這部作品贊譽有加,在《英格蘭童書史》里首次給予它英語兒童文學史里程碑的地位,并且影響了其后半個多世紀歐洲兒童文學史述判斷的基本立場。他會在扉頁題字中斷章摘引此節(jié),很在情理之中。只是親眼見到這段手寫的文字,它的飛揚的筆跡,涂抹的標點,仿佛近百年前那份批評的激賞與熱情,從未冷卻。
我常在圖書館門口與喬偶遇,算起來,比我們在課堂和研討會相遇的頻率還高。學院和系圖書館不用說了,幾次去學校圖書館,居然每次必見。我笑說,今后要找你的話,到圖書館去就行了。他也笑答,那是最好的遇見了。
我猜想,這大概是劍橋學者的一種日常吧。近些年來,劍橋大學圖書館資料的電子化程度越來越高,憑校園帳號,許多書刊都能在網(wǎng)上獲取電子版本。這為教學研究提供了極大的便利。但或許只有走進一座圖書館,才能最充分地體驗與一本圖書相遇的快樂。在這里,包圍著你的是歷經(jīng)時間撫摩的舊紙張的氣息,微黃的書頁,磨損的邊緣,偶爾滲出的墨跡,某個讀者不經(jīng)意間留下的筆痕,默默講述著與讀書有關的那些久遠、艱辛而浪漫的故事。你會感到,書本的意義不只在于它為我們書寫、記錄和傳遞的信息,它還以一切生動的、可觸摸的痕跡,向我們證實著語言、思想和人的歷史的延展、細節(jié)與溫度。
有一天,我們會不會懷念一座哪怕普普通通的圖書館?
The libraries are one of many things I find very impressive at Cambridge University, UK. Right now, I am a visiting scholar at Cambridge University, UK.
The website of Cambridge University alphabetically lists 140 libraries of the university, located over all the city of Cambridge. These libraries are operated and maintained respectively by the university, departments, colleges, institutes, and laboratories. The best known of them all is the Cambridge University Library (UL) set up in the early 15th century. The books in early years of the library were essentially from donors and supporters. Thanks to the copyright law adopted in 1709, the library expanded its collections exponentially as publishers in UK were obliged to send a copy of every publication to the library. This system is called legal deposit. The present-day landmark library was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and completed in 1934.
The libraries at Faculty of Education and Homerton College are the ones I frequent. My major interest is in childrens literature. On the first day I was supposed to report to the department, I ran into a librarian at the coffee corner of Mary Allan Building. I chatted gladly with her for a while. Then a colleague at the Center for Research in Childrens Literature at Cambridge took me around the three-storied Mary Allan building inside which the library is located. The library has a special collection of childrens literature.
After the brief induction tour, I went to the library. I asked for the librarian I had met and learned that she had gone home to rest in prevention of miscarriage. The library of the Faculty of Education is located at Donald McIntyre Building. The three floors of the building are a dedicated space for the library. The childrens literature collection occupies a full floor. The bookshelves are arranged along the wall facing the south.
If the two libraries at Education and Homerton College dont have material I want, I visit Cambridge University Library, which isnt far from the house where I stay. In fact, I pass a side gate of the UL every time I go to Homerton College. The gate is always half open and I can see the library building about several dozen meters away.
I remember my first visit to UL as if it happened yesterday. The reception of the library appeared quite small. I thought that the small space mismatched the reputation of the library I had read about and had been deeply impressed. I walked up a staircase and came to the first floor. I saw three long corridors that stretched ahead. I hesitated. Fortunately, I saw the information desk nearby. I was directed to take the corridor on the left. The corridor itself was very impressive. On the left were tall bookshelves and on the right were stone windows in a style suggesting ancient times. I detected the smell of paper and ink of the past. After several turns I found the small elevator. It was an antique piece. I pulled the door open and stepped into the car. It was so small that it could only carry two or three persons. It squeaked up laboriously. I pulled the door open and stepped out to my target floor. I was the only one on the floor. The corridors were like a labyrinth. I walked around and failed to find the library room I wanted. I searched again and at the end of a corridor I found a small door with South Wing marked on it. Inside, there were rows of tall bookshelves. The light was dim. I could hardly read the titles on book spines. In the flashlight of my cell phone I searched the bookshelves one by one. There was a long row of desks along the windows. I sat there reading and it was so quiet there I could hear the sound of pages when I turned them slowly.
The libraries at Faculty of Education and Homerton College give me the biggest help with my research and study. However, other locations such as Kings College, St Johns College, Girton College, and Faculty of English also have special books on childrens literature. Many books are non-borrowable material and I need to book a visit before I can view any of them in the main reading room or other special collection reading room. I often check iDiscovery, a book searching system of Cambridge University that gives me accurate information on books and locations.