夏雪
作為名詞性從句中的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容,有關(guān)表語(yǔ)從句考查的題目在歷年的高考中頻頻出現(xiàn)。表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ),對(duì)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容加以補(bǔ)充,有時(shí)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),它位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞之后。對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)我們要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. 定義及其構(gòu)成:
表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ),這些系動(dòng)詞有:be, look, seem, sound, appear等。其構(gòu)成為:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。如:
It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 在她看來(lái),他似乎要把他所會(huì)的都教給我們。
It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有通過(guò)考試。
It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看來(lái),我們似乎應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)。
The question was who had done it. 問(wèn)題是這件事是誰(shuí)做的。
It looks as if it was going to snow. 天看起來(lái)要下雪了。
2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:
(1) 從屬連詞that:
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
The truth is that I didn't go there. 事實(shí)是我沒(méi)去那兒。
The fact is that we are behind other groups. 事實(shí)是我們落在別的組后面。
(2) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever;連接副詞 where, when, how, why:
My question is who left. 我想問(wèn)的是誰(shuí)離開(kāi)了。
What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何時(shí)離開(kāi)的。
That's what he wants. 那是他想要的。
This is where they once lived. 這就是他們?cè)?jīng)住過(guò)的地方。
That is why he didn't come here. 這就是他為何沒(méi)到這兒來(lái)的原因。
What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 她想知道的是她應(yīng)該買(mǎi)哪件衣服。
Spring is when the whether is very warm. 春天是天氣暖和的時(shí)候。
(3) 從屬連詞whether, because, as if 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句:
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不總是如其表象。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。
It looks as if it were going to rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。
It is because you eat too much. 那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔恕?/p>
3. 幾個(gè)需注意的問(wèn)題:
(1) 在表語(yǔ)從句中,即使從句有疑問(wèn)意義,從句的語(yǔ)序也要用陳述句語(yǔ)序:
The question is how we'll go there. 問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓尤ツ莾骸?/p>
That is why we love our motherland so much. 這就是為什么我們那么熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)的原因。
(2) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句表原因要用that引導(dǎo),不能用because;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是it, this或that時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句可用because或why引導(dǎo):
The reason is that he didn't understand me. 理由是他不明白我的意思。
He couldn't answer you. That was because he knew little English. 他不能回答你,是因?yàn)樗麕缀醪欢⒄Z(yǔ)。
He knew little English. That's why he couldn't answer you. 他幾乎不懂英語(yǔ),那也是他為什么不能回答你的原因。
(3) 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句:
① as if 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
You look as if you didn't care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。
② 在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形” 表示,should可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有:advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。如:
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
(4)在表達(dá)“是否”這一概念時(shí),要用whether,不用if。如:
The problem is whether we need it. 問(wèn)題是我們是否需要它。
【跟蹤精練】
I. 結(jié)合表語(yǔ)從句的用法,從方框中選擇合適的詞填空(其中有一項(xiàng)多余)。
1. China is no longer ___ she used to be.
2. The question remains ___ they will be able to help us.
3. That's ___ he didn't understand me.
4. That's ___ he got angry with me.
5. The reason why I was sad was ___ he didn't understand me.
6. The problem is ___ we can get to replace her.
7. The question is ___ he did it.
II. 結(jié)合表語(yǔ)從句的用法,翻譯下列句子。
1. 我問(wèn)的是這個(gè)故事是何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的。
_________________
2. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。
_________________
3. 這正是我的興趣所在。
_________________
4. 這就是我們不喜歡它的原因。
_________________
If the plan doesn't work, change the plan but never the goal.
—Henry Ford
如果計(jì)劃不可行,改變計(jì)劃,但不可以改變目標(biāo)。
——亨利·福特
亨利·福特 (1863—1947) 是美國(guó)工業(yè)家、福特汽車(chē)創(chuàng)辦人,運(yùn)用大量生產(chǎn)概念在工廠的生產(chǎn)組裝線上,大幅降低生產(chǎn)成本及產(chǎn)品價(jià)格,革命性地改變美國(guó)的交通及工業(yè)。