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      《浮生六記》英譯閱讀與討論(五)

      2020-11-06 06:23劉士聰
      英語世界 2020年10期
      關鍵詞:譯作浮生六記沈復

      劉士聰

      譯例1:

      【原文】及長,愛花成癖,喜剪盆樹。識張?zhí)m坡,始精剪枝養(yǎng)節(jié)之法,繼悟接花疊石之法。

      【譯文】As a young man I was excessively fond of flowers and loved to prune and shape potted plants and trees. When I met Chang Lan-po he began to teach me the art of training branches and supporting joints, and after I had mastered these skills, he showed me how to graft flowers. Later on, I also learned the placing of stones and designing of rockeries. (p. 59)

      【簡評】“及長”,在原文是一個從句,譯文As a young man是介詞短語,形式不同于原文。這樣處理主要是出于行文的需要,不傷原文本意,對譯文讀者也無妨?!跋布襞铇洹?,盆栽植物的“剪”也包括“成型”“造型”等,prune之外又用了shape,周全的考慮。文中的“之法”未用method,而譯作art,漢語本有“園藝”之說。

      譯文中還有一點:將原文中“始精剪枝養(yǎng)節(jié)之法,繼悟接花疊石之法?!钡摹笆季焙汀袄^悟”,譯為“he began to teach me...”和“he showed me...”。這是鑒于前面的從句When I met Chang Lan-po,從“(我)始精”轉換到“he began to teach me...”,從“(我)繼悟”轉換到“he showed me...”,合邏輯,也很自然。

      譯例2:

      【原文】花以蘭為最,取其幽香韻致也……

      【譯文】The orchid we considered the peerless flower, selecting it as much for its subtle and delicate fragrance as for its beauty and grace. (p. 59)

      【簡評】“幽香”,詞典說是“清淡的香味”,譯者用了subtle and delicate fragrance;“韻致”,即“風度韻味;情致”,譯者用了beauty and grace,譯文與原文表達的意思很相近。

      漢語文言文里,偶有這類詞匯,語義朦朧且富有詩意,可意會而難以言傳,用英語表達也不容易。但譯者要傳達它們的意思,少有對應詞匯時,多是對其進行解釋。如:

      【原文】東坡云:“事如春夢了無痕”。

      【譯文】“Life is like a spring dream

      which ends—and leaves no traces.” (p. 1)

      【簡評】“了無痕”,譯作which ends—and leaves no traces,譯者未做特別經(jīng)營,只是依照字面譯了“了”,譯了“無痕”,近乎直譯,但在譯者筆下,譯文讀來輕松而無障礙,自然而有詩意。

      譯例3:

      【原文】 描寫陳蕓形象時,作者這樣說:“……一種纏綿之態(tài),令人之意也消?!?/p>

      【譯文】Above all else, a clinging softness in her manner, an indefinable air of tenderness and vulnerability about her, touched my heart deeply, making me wish to stay forever by her side. (p. 5)

      【簡評】“纏綿”,譯作a clinging softness,譯文頗與原文相近,輔之tenderness,道盡了良家少女陳蕓的柔媚;再有vulnerability,這個詞用在這里,可能與前面提到的描寫陳蕓時的fragile和slenderness有關(The simplicity of her robe seemed to accentuate her fragile beauty and the slenderness of her graceful figure.)。

      通過以上幾個方面,譯者全面闡釋了“纏綿”之含義。

      但譯者未忘記原文里的“之態(tài)”二字,譯文里便有了“... in her manner”和an indefinable air。

      還有indefinable,譯者可能也感覺到“纏綿”二字的“難以言傳”。經(jīng)過譯者的精心拆解和綜合,英譯文讓漢語的“纏綿之態(tài)”有了質感。

      “令人之意也消”,譯作“touched my heart deeply, making me wish to stay forever by her side”,淮茗注譯本白話譯文:“讓人萌生愛戀之意,難以割舍”(第13頁,中州古籍出版社,2010)。譯者的理解與翻譯和淮茗的理解與翻譯一模一樣,這很難得。

      譯例4:

      沈復夫婦常在家里討論詩文。有一回,沈復問陳蕓:“唐以詩取士,而詩之宗匠,必推李杜,卿愛宗何人?”

      【原文】陳蕓答曰:“杜詩錘煉精純,李詩瀟灑落拓,與其學杜之森嚴,不如學李之活潑。”

      【譯文】“Tu Fu, I think, is first of all a master of style,” she answered. “His work is admired as much for its refinement of form as for its grandeur of conception. Lis poems, on the other hand, are free and unconventional, filled with freshness and vigour. I admire the dignity and majesty of Master Tu,” she smiled, “but I prefer the freedom and liveliness of Master Li.” (p. 12)

      【簡評】“錘煉精純”,高度概括了杜詩特征,譯文從“形式”與“構思”兩個方面將其具體化為:its refinement of form和its grandeur of conception;“瀟灑落拓”,在漢語中也是可感而不易傳達,譯文freedom and liveliness,夠好了,只是沒有了原文的朦朧與氣勢,但對譯文讀者來說,這樣譯比較容易明白。再如:

      【原文】 蕓曰:“但李詩宛如姑射仙子,有一種落花流水之趣,令人可愛?!?/p>

      【譯文】“... but Lis poems have the lyric charm of fairy maidens. He seems to write as naturally as petals fall and waters flow. That is why I love him.” (p. 13)

      【簡評】“姑射仙子”為《莊子》中所描寫的女神形象,譯文Lis poems have the lyric charm of fairy maidens,用直敘也很貼切地表達了原文的典故。

      “有一種落花流水之趣”,譯為“He seems to write as naturally as petals fall and waters flow. That is why I love him.”,其中“... petals fall and waters flow”,不但意境好,韻律也好,演化出了原文的美感。因有趣而令人萌生愛意,以That is why I love him表達了“之趣”。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?□

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