蔣建平
人類(lèi)社會(huì)與自然環(huán)境相互依存,人與自然應(yīng)和諧相處。但是近年來(lái)人們?yōu)榱俗陨淼陌l(fā)展,破壞了部分地區(qū)的環(huán)境狀況,造成了環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染和退化,這將嚴(yán)重威脅人類(lèi)的生存和發(fā)展。當(dāng)前,隨著國(guó)家對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的重視程度不斷提高,高考從引導(dǎo)考生核心價(jià)值觀的角度出發(fā),也會(huì)越來(lái)越重視對(duì)世界與環(huán)境類(lèi)話題的考查。世界與環(huán)境主題包括動(dòng)植物保護(hù)、生態(tài)保護(hù)、環(huán)境污染和保護(hù)等方面。它們與學(xué)生的生活息息相關(guān)。對(duì)這些話題的學(xué)習(xí)和高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)這些話題的考查,可以讓學(xué)生多注意身邊的人和事,關(guān)注社會(huì)環(huán)境,樹(shù)立環(huán)保意識(shí),學(xué)會(huì)與大自然和諧相處。
課標(biāo)中“世界與環(huán)境”主題涉及的主要內(nèi)容有:(1)Countries and maps(China, Great Britain, United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Russia, India, Egypt, Cuba, etc.);(2)Issues(population, land use and quality, population growth, housing, etc.)。
關(guān)于“世界與環(huán)境”主題的寫(xiě)作常有以下幾個(gè)命題角度:介紹國(guó)家或城市、介紹“地球日”活動(dòng)、水資源的合理利用、公共衛(wèi)生意識(shí)、日常生活中的環(huán)境保護(hù)、動(dòng)物保護(hù)、垃圾分類(lèi)等。
The worldwide plastic problem
Plastic is everywhere because its almost 1.? ? ? ? ? (end) useful. And when its thrown away,
2.? ? ? ? ? ?plastic finds its way into a plant, a lot of it can be made into something useful all over again.
But every year more and more plastic waste ends up in the ocean. And a global team of scientists has now tracked the production and disposal of plastic all around the world and used that information 3.? ? ? ? ? (forecast) the scale of our plastic pollution problem for the next 20 years.
Household waste, the scientists say, is by far the 4.? ? ? ? ? (big) source of all this pollution. They calculated that every year 30 million tonnes of waste is dumped on land; nearly 50 million tonnes of waste 5.? ? ? ? ? (burn) out in the open, and thats in addition to the 10 million tonnes of waste that finds its way into our oceans.
Many of us might do our bit with reusable water bottles and coffee cups. But theres an
6.? ? ? ? ? (estimate) two billion people in the southern hemisphere who have no access to any formal waste collection—theyre simply left to work out 7.? ? ? ? ? to do with all their rubbish.
8.? ? ? ? ? (provide) protection and safe employment for workers in low?income countries who collect and sort all of that waste will be just as important 9.? ? ? ? ? (global) as reducing the production of single?use plastic. And while these new figures are daunting, the researchers say that recognising the source and the scale of this problem is 10.? ? ? ? ? first step in stemming the worldwide tide of plastic pollution.
遍及全球的塑料污染問(wèn)題
塑料無(wú)處不在,因?yàn)樗挠猛編缀跏菬o(wú)窮無(wú)盡的。當(dāng)塑料被丟棄后,如果被運(yùn)到了像這樣的廢物處理廠,大量的塑料垃圾就可以被重新制成有用的東西。
但每年都有越來(lái)越多的塑料垃圾流入海洋。一支由多國(guó)科學(xué)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)現(xiàn)已追蹤了世界各地塑料的生產(chǎn)和處理情況,并用這些信息預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)20年塑料污染問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。
科學(xué)家們表示,生活垃圾是塑料污染的最大來(lái)源。他們計(jì)算出,每年有3,000萬(wàn)噸塑料被傾倒在陸地上,近5,000萬(wàn)噸被露天焚燒,此外還有1,000萬(wàn)噸流入海洋。
我們中的許多人也許會(huì)盡一己之力,用可重復(fù)使用的水瓶和咖啡杯。但據(jù)估算,在南半球,有20億人沒(méi)有任何正規(guī)的垃圾收集渠道,他們只能自己想辦法處理所有的垃圾。
在全球范圍內(nèi),為低收入國(guó)家收集和分類(lèi)垃圾的勞動(dòng)者們提供保護(hù)和安全的就業(yè)環(huán)境,將與減少一次性塑料的生產(chǎn)同等重要。盡管這些新數(shù)據(jù)令人生畏,但研究人員表示,認(rèn)識(shí)到塑料污染問(wèn)題的根源和規(guī)模是遏制全球塑料污染浪潮的第一步。