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      高中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)it句型解析

      2021-04-21 02:46:12羅鎦鋒
      紅豆教育 2021年34期
      關(guān)鍵詞:虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句時(shí)態(tài)

      羅鎦鋒

      It句型是高中英語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型,很多同學(xué)對(duì)it句型掌握不好,經(jīng)?;煜?,造成閱讀障礙?,F(xiàn)將高中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)it句型總結(jié)解析如下:

      1. It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人,that可以換成who。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后,應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子。這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。

      【例句】 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

      It was in the street that I met her father.

      2. It is not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),譯成漢語(yǔ)“直到……才……”,可以說(shuō)是 not ... until ...的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。

      【例句】 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

      3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain ...) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中it 是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,常譯為“清楚(顯然,真的,肯定……)”,是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。

      【例句】 It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.

      4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural ...) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。由于主句中的形容詞不同,that 后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should +動(dòng)詞原形,should 可以省去。)建議記住該句型中的形容詞。

      【例句】It is important that we (should) learn English well.

      It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

      5. It is said (reported, learned ...) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)(據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)悉……)”。

      【例句】 It is said that he has come to Beijing.

      6. It is suggested (ordered ...) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等詞時(shí),that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should +動(dòng)詞原形,should 可以省。)常譯為“據(jù)建議,有命令……”。

      【例句】It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

      7. It is a pity (a shame ...) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中,that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should +動(dòng)詞原形,should可省去。)表示出乎意料,常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí),則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

      【例句】 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.

      8. It is time (about time, high time) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,值得注意的是:①常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬。②有時(shí)也用should +動(dòng)詞原形,should 不能省。常譯為“是(正是)……的時(shí)侯……”。

      【例句】 It is time that children should go to bed.

      9. It is the first (second ...) time that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài),由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài);如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí),后面從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去;it有時(shí)用 this 替換。常譯為“是第一(二)次……”。

      【例句】 It is the first time I have been here.= This is the first time I have been here.

      10. It is ... since ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí),又要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ),其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí),since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí),而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

      【例句】 It is (has been)5 years since his father died.

      11. It is ... when ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句中的 it 指時(shí)間,表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候,是……”。

      【例句】 It was 5 oclock when he came here.

      12. It be ... before ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型主句中的 it 指時(shí)間,主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long, not long,3 days,2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)。常譯為“……之后……”。

      【例句】 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

      It will be not long before he finishes his job.

      13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ),that 引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句,主句中的happen, seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。意思是“碰巧……或看來(lái)……”等。

      【例句】 It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.

      It seems that he will be back in a few days.

      14. It takes sb.... to do sth.

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中的不定式是真正的主語(yǔ),it是形式主語(yǔ),句型中的直接賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間。常譯為“做……要花費(fèi)某人……”。

      【例句】 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

      15. It is no good (use) doing sth.

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是no good, not any good, no use, not any use。

      【例句】 It is no good learning English without speaking English.

      16. It doesn't matter whether (if)...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中whether(if)引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語(yǔ),該句型常譯為“不論(是否)……沒(méi)關(guān)系……”。

      【例句】 It doesn't matter if they are old.

      17. It is kind (of sb.) to do sth.

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正主語(yǔ),如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由of引起,主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的有:bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish,, honest, kind, lazy, modest, naughty等。

      【例句】 It is kind of you to say so.

      18. It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.

      【說(shuō)明】該句型與上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for引起,主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性、緊迫性、頻繁程度、難易、安全等情況的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有: important, necessary, natural, easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant等。

      【例句】 It is important for her to come to the party.

      19. It looks (seems) as if ...

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中it無(wú)意義。 as if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為,“看起來(lái)好象……”。如果與事實(shí)不相符合,則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

      【例句】 It looks as if he were late.

      It seemed as if he were dying.

      20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.

      【說(shuō)明】該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱(chēng)該句型為“6123結(jié)構(gòu)”。6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it;2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式:形容詞或名詞;3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式:不定式短語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:

      【例句】 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

      He felt it important learning English well.

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