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      秸稈還田條件下固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑與促生細(xì)菌SM13對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量及稻米品質(zhì)的影響

      2021-08-02 19:50:35宋維民王麗艷郭永霞孫強(qiáng)呂艷東荊瑞勇王海澤
      關(guān)鍵詞:秸稈還田品質(zhì)水稻

      宋維民 王麗艷 郭永霞 孫強(qiáng) 呂艷東 荊瑞勇 王海澤

      摘要:【目的】研究秸稈還田條件下施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響,為2種微生物肥料在秸稈還田中的應(yīng)用提供實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論依據(jù)?!痉椒ā恳运酒贩N龍粳31為試驗(yàn)材料,設(shè)常規(guī)施肥(CK)、施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑(LZ)、施用促生細(xì)菌SM13(SM)及混施固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13(SL)共4個(gè)處理。測(cè)定水稻主要生育期的葉面積及干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量,在水稻成熟后考察水稻穗部性狀和產(chǎn)量,在稻米理化性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定后測(cè)定稻米加工、外觀、營(yíng)養(yǎng)和食味品質(zhì),對(duì)比分析不同處理對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量及稻米品質(zhì)的影響?!窘Y(jié)果】與CK相比,LZ處理的水稻灌漿期干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量顯著增加26.40%(P<0.05,下同);SL處理顯著降低了一次枝梗結(jié)實(shí)率,LZ處理顯著降低了二次枝梗的千粒重;SM、SL和LZ處理的產(chǎn)量分別增加10.00%、9.80%和8.78%。單施固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑或促生細(xì)菌SM13及二者混施對(duì)稻米加工、外觀和營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05),但SM和SL處理顯著改善了稻米食味品質(zhì),其口感值和食味值較CK分別提高7.23%、4.87%和7.22%、5.74%。相關(guān)分析結(jié)果表明,產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成與水稻穗部性狀存在不同程度的相關(guān)性,其中產(chǎn)量與穗質(zhì)量呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01),與二次枝梗枝梗數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān)?!窘Y(jié)論】在秸稈還田條件下固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13具備提高水稻產(chǎn)量的潛力,且促生細(xì)菌SM13能在一定程度上改善稻米食味品質(zhì)。

      關(guān)鍵詞: 秸稈還田;固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑;促生細(xì)菌SM13;水稻;產(chǎn)量;品質(zhì)

      中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): S511? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A 文章編號(hào):2095-1191(2021)03-0762-07

      Effects of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant and growth-promoting bacteria SM13 on yield and quality of rice with straw turnover

      SONG Wei-min, WANG Li-yan, GUO Yong-xia, SUN Qiang, LYU Yan-dong,

      JING Rui-yong*, WANG Hai-ze*

      (Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang? 163319, China)

      Abstract:【Objective】The effects of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant and growth-promo-ting bacteria SM13 on rice yield and quality were investigated with straw turnover, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of microbial fertilizer. 【Method】The rice variety Longjing 31 was used as the tested material. Four treatments were designed, namely, conventional fertilization(CK), treatment applied with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria? complex microbial inoculant(LZ), treatment applied with growth-promoting bacterium SM13(SM), treatment applied with both of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant and growth-promoting bacterium SM13(SL). The leaf area and dry matter weight of rice in the main growing stages were measured, the spike traits and yield of rice were investigated after maturity, and the processing, appearance, nutrition, and taste quality of rice were measured after the physical and chemical properties of rice were stabilized, and the effects of different treatments on rice yield and rice quality were compared and analyzed. 【Result】Compared with CK treatment, the dry matter weight of rice under LZ treatment was significantly increased by 26.40% at the grain filling stage(P<0.05, the same below), SL treatment significantly reduced the seed setting rate of primary branches, and LZ treatment significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight of secondary branches. The yield of SM,SL and LZ increased by 10.00%, 9.80% and 8.78% compared with CK, respectively. There was no significant effect on rice processing, appearance and nutritional quality by the single application of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant, growth-promoting bacteria SM13 and the combination of the two(P>0.05). But SM and SL treatments significantly improved rice taste quality compared with CK treatment, the texture and taste values increased by 7.23%, 4.87% and 7.22%, 5.74% respectively compared with CK. Correlation analysis indicated that there were different levels of correlation between yield and rice spike traits. There was extremely significant positive correlation between yield and panicle weight(P<0.01), and significant positive correlation between yield and secondary branch number. 【Conclusion】The application of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculants and growth-promo-ting bacteria SM13 has the potential to increase rice yield with straw turnover, and growth-promoting bacteria SM13 can enhance rice taste quality to a certain extent.

      Key words: straw turnover; nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculants;growth-promoting bacteria SM13; rice; yield; quality

      Foundation item: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300104); National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870477); Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(C2018046); Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Doctor Start-up Fund Project(XDB2016-02)

      0 引言

      【研究意義】隨著我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的高速發(fā)展,秸稈年生產(chǎn)總量呈現(xiàn)不斷增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),其中稻稈產(chǎn)量所占比重較大(朱建春等,2012)。秸稈中含有多種大量及微量元素,在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中是一類(lèi)可利用的重要資源之一(韓魯佳等,2002)。雖然秸稈還田技術(shù)在不斷完善,但秸稈還田過(guò)程中一直存在著難降解和傳遞病原菌等一系列問(wèn)題(伍佳等,2019),且秸稈在還田過(guò)程中常表現(xiàn)出與作物 “爭(zhēng)氮”的現(xiàn)象,影響水稻植株生長(zhǎng)(劉世平等,2007)。增施氮肥是解決作物生長(zhǎng)缺氮的重要手段之一,但施用氮肥過(guò)量常會(huì)造成農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境污染。因此,通過(guò)研發(fā)綠色高效且具備固氮作用及促生功能的微生物肥料,以解決秸稈還田條件下水稻生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中對(duì)氮素的需求與缺少氮素時(shí)增施氮肥對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染的矛盾,可為微生物肥料在農(nóng)業(yè)秸稈還田中的應(yīng)用提供一定的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論基礎(chǔ)?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】研究表明,固氮藍(lán)藻是一類(lèi)具有固氮作用的革蘭氏陰性菌,能對(duì)土壤進(jìn)行氮素調(diào)控(Latysheva et al.,2012),某些類(lèi)群還具備分泌吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)的生物學(xué)特性(Boopathi et al.,2013),能提高水稻等農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量(Song et al.,2005;Admasie et al.,2019)。因此,固氮微生物在秸稈還田中進(jìn)行的生物固氮意義重大。Saadatnia和Riahi(2009)通過(guò)固氮藍(lán)藻微生物肥料試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)固氮藍(lán)藻能顯著促進(jìn)水稻幼苗根系生長(zhǎng),且利于盆栽水稻生長(zhǎng)。Prasanna等(2009)對(duì)分離出的多株固氮藍(lán)藻進(jìn)行盆栽試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明近半數(shù)固氮藍(lán)藻接種后可改善土壤肥力,提高作物產(chǎn)量。Pereira等(2009)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),減施氮肥與固氮藍(lán)藻肥料配施處理土壤氮素水平顯著提高,且其作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)與常規(guī)施肥處理無(wú)顯著差異。Rocheli等(2016)對(duì)埃塞爾比亞的3種常見(jiàn)作物進(jìn)行固氮藍(lán)藻肥料試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明施用固氮藍(lán)藻可增加土壤養(yǎng)分,提高作物產(chǎn)量。Zhou等(2020)研究表明,對(duì)水稻紋枯病有顯著抑制作用的3株固氮藍(lán)藻的分泌物能抑制病原菌生長(zhǎng),且接種到稻田能提高水稻產(chǎn)量。此外,近年來(lái)植物促生細(xì)菌(Plant growth-promoting bacteria,PGPR)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用成果也受到廣泛關(guān)注。植物促生細(xì)菌是一類(lèi)具備生防作用(Etesami and Alikhani,2016;Rais et al.,2018)、促生作用和誘導(dǎo)植株產(chǎn)生抗逆性的菌株(Glick,2012;Vurukonda et al.,2016;Sarkar et al.,2018)。Lavakush等(2014)進(jìn)行植物促生細(xì)菌與磷肥配施的盆栽試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明不同磷肥水平下接種植物促生細(xì)菌均提高了盆栽水稻的產(chǎn)量。Rocheli等(2016)開(kāi)展了植物促生細(xì)菌與減施氮肥的水稻田間試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)施用植物促生細(xì)菌有利于植株與土壤間的養(yǎng)分循環(huán),且減氮時(shí)施用植物促生細(xì)菌對(duì)產(chǎn)量無(wú)顯著影響。Rais等(2018)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在田間接種拮抗芽孢桿菌可抑制田間水稻稻瘟病發(fā)病率,提高水稻產(chǎn)量。Xiao等(2020)在砷污染的田間進(jìn)行接種植物促生細(xì)菌試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)可降低砷對(duì)稻米的危害,同時(shí)促進(jìn)水稻產(chǎn)量增加?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】前人已開(kāi)展了大量有關(guān)固氮藍(lán)藻與植物促生細(xì)菌的相關(guān)研究(Obana et al.,2007;Rocheli et al.,2016;Bakhshande et al.,2017)。本課題組前期試驗(yàn)也證實(shí)固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑有促進(jìn)秸稈降解的潛力,且微生物肥料能提高水稻產(chǎn)量(楊帆等,2019;宋維民等,2020),但關(guān)于秸稈還田條件下固氮藍(lán)藻和植物促生細(xì)菌微生物肥料對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量及稻米品質(zhì)調(diào)控的作用效果尚未可知,仍需進(jìn)一步研究?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】以水稻品種龍粳31為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象開(kāi)展田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),在稻稈全量還田條件下,以常規(guī)施肥處理為對(duì)照,設(shè)單施固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑、促生細(xì)菌SM13及二者混施處理,對(duì)比分析不同處理水稻主要生育期的葉面積和干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量及水稻產(chǎn)量、稻米品質(zhì)的差異,明確不同處理在稻稈還田條件下對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量和稻米品質(zhì)的影響,為固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13在秸稈還田中的應(yīng)用提供實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論依據(jù)。

      1 材料與方法

      1. 1 試驗(yàn)材料與試驗(yàn)區(qū)概況

      供試水稻品種:龍粳31。供試肥料:固氮藍(lán)藻菌劑是由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室(黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)生命科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室,下同)從稻田土壤及水體中分離出的復(fù)合藻類(lèi)菌系(宋維民等,2020);促生細(xì)菌SM13是本實(shí)驗(yàn)室從水稻根際內(nèi)分離純化出的一株枯草芽孢桿菌(韓如月,2019)。

      1. 2 試驗(yàn)方法

      試驗(yàn)于2019年在黑龍江農(nóng)墾總局齊齊哈爾分局查哈陽(yáng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)開(kāi)展。供試土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量26.85 g/kg、堿解氮含量121.42 mg/kg、有效磷含量13.31 mg/kg、速效鉀含量96.30 mg/kg,土壤pH 8.03。

      試驗(yàn)采用單因素田間小區(qū)設(shè)計(jì),在秸稈全量還田條件下施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13菌劑,設(shè)4個(gè)處理:常規(guī)施肥處理(CK)、施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑處理(LZ)、施用促生細(xì)菌SM13菌劑處理(SM)、同時(shí)施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13菌劑處理(SL)。固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑與促生細(xì)菌SM13菌劑的施用均參照宋維民等(2020)的方法進(jìn)行,田間小區(qū)面積405 m2。2019年4月10日水稻播種,5月14日秧苗移栽。

      1. 3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目及方法

      1. 3. 1 葉面積和干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量 于水稻分蘗期、齊穗期和灌漿期測(cè)定各處理的水稻葉面積和干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量。

      在測(cè)定水稻葉面積之前選取各田間小區(qū)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)均勻的地段設(shè)置調(diào)查點(diǎn),田間調(diào)查點(diǎn)包括不間斷的20穴水稻植株,以調(diào)查點(diǎn)內(nèi)植株平均莖數(shù)數(shù)值為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采集相同莖數(shù)的水稻葉面積測(cè)定樣品,將樣品帶回室內(nèi)后測(cè)定并記錄每株水稻葉片的葉寬和葉長(zhǎng)最大數(shù)值,采用長(zhǎng)寬法及干質(zhì)量法計(jì)算植株總?cè)~面積:測(cè)量葉面積=葉面積系數(shù)(0.75)×葉寬×葉長(zhǎng),總?cè)~面積=測(cè)量葉葉面積/測(cè)量葉片干質(zhì)量×總?cè)~片干質(zhì)量。

      測(cè)定葉面積后,取植株地上部分測(cè)定干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量,105 ℃靜置30 min,80 ℃烘至恒重后,稱(chēng)重即為干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量。

      1. 3. 2 水稻產(chǎn)量 水稻成熟后,每處理選取具有代表性的6穴用于考種計(jì)產(chǎn),測(cè)定水稻穗部農(nóng)藝性狀產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成。

      1. 3. 3 稻米品質(zhì) 將收獲的水稻自然風(fēng)干脫谷,待稻米理化性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定后,參照GB/T 17891—2017《優(yōu)質(zhì)稻谷》測(cè)定稻米品質(zhì),使用稻米碾磨機(jī)、ES-1000便攜式品質(zhì)分析儀(日本靜岡機(jī)械株式會(huì)社)、VECTOR22/N型近紅外光譜儀(德國(guó)BRUKER公司)和米飯食味計(jì)-STA1A(日本佐竹公司)測(cè)定稻米加工、外觀、營(yíng)養(yǎng)與食味品質(zhì)。

      1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

      采用Excel 2007、SPSS 20.0和Origin 2017進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和圖表制作。

      2 結(jié)果與分析

      2. 1 不同處理的水稻葉面積和干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量比較

      由圖1可看出,水稻分蘗期、齊穗期和灌漿期各處理的水稻葉面積無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05,下同);水稻分蘗期和齊穗期LZ、SM和SL處理的水稻干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量也與CK無(wú)顯著差異,而灌漿期LZ處理的水稻干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量較CK顯著提高26.40%(P<0.05,下同)??梢?jiàn),施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑有利于水稻灌漿期的干物質(zhì)積累。

      2. 2 不同處理的水稻穗部性狀比較

      由表1可知,不同處理間水稻穗質(zhì)量、穗長(zhǎng)和穗部著粒密度無(wú)顯著差異;SL處理的一次枝梗結(jié)實(shí)率顯著低于CK和SM處理;LZ處理的二次枝梗枝梗數(shù)顯著低于SL處理,千粒重較CK顯著降低。可見(jiàn),施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13對(duì)水稻一次枝梗和二次枝梗性狀有一定影響。

      2. 3 不同處理的水稻產(chǎn)量比較

      由表2可知,施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13后,各處理的每穴穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重和產(chǎn)量均與CK無(wú)顯著差異,但SM、SL和LZ處理的水稻平均產(chǎn)量分別較CK提高10.00%、9.80%和8.78%。說(shuō)明施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13在秸稈全量還田條件下具備一定的水稻增產(chǎn)能力。

      2. 4 不同處理的稻米營(yíng)養(yǎng)、加工、外觀及食味品質(zhì)比較

      由表3和表4可知,與CK相比,施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑與促生細(xì)菌SM13對(duì)各處理稻米的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、加工和外觀品質(zhì)無(wú)顯著影響;而在食味品質(zhì)的比較中,SM和SL處理的香氣和完整性得分較CK分別顯著降低1.78%、2.33%和4.13%、4.27%,SM處理的光澤得分較CK顯著提高5.29%,SM和SL處理的口感和食味得分均顯著高于CK,分別提高7.23%、4.87%和7.22%、5.74%。綜上所述,單獨(dú)施用促生細(xì)菌SM13及混施固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13均能在一定程度上改善稻米食味品質(zhì)。

      2. 5 產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成與水稻穗部性狀的相關(guān)分析

      對(duì)產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成與水稻穗部性狀相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果(表5)顯示,每穴穗數(shù)與穗質(zhì)量呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01,下同),每穴穗數(shù)與著粒密度和一次枝梗枝梗數(shù)分別呈極顯著和顯著負(fù)相關(guān);穗粒數(shù)與穗長(zhǎng)、著粒密度、一次枝梗的枝梗數(shù)和粒數(shù)、二次枝梗的枝梗數(shù)和粒數(shù)呈極顯著或顯著正相關(guān);結(jié)實(shí)率與一次枝梗結(jié)實(shí)率和二次枝梗結(jié)實(shí)率均呈極顯著正相關(guān),與二次枝梗粒數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);千粒重與一次枝梗的結(jié)實(shí)率和千粒重及二次枝梗千粒重呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān);產(chǎn)量與穗質(zhì)量和二次枝梗枝梗數(shù)分別呈極顯著和顯著正相關(guān)。

      3 討論

      秸稈的分解及土壤中微生物的活動(dòng)會(huì)引起土壤氮素含量下降 (Jawso and Elliott,1986),導(dǎo)致作物生長(zhǎng)中缺少氮素供應(yīng),進(jìn)而影響植株生長(zhǎng),同時(shí)秸稈腐熟的速率呈現(xiàn)出“先快后慢”的趨勢(shì)(劉世平等,2007)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在秸稈還田條件下施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13后對(duì)水稻葉面積無(wú)顯著影響,且單施固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑顯著提高了灌漿期水稻的干物質(zhì)積累量,這可能是固氮藍(lán)藻將氮素轉(zhuǎn)化為植物可吸收的銨態(tài)氮與秸稈養(yǎng)分的釋放促進(jìn)了植株的生長(zhǎng),進(jìn)而增加了水稻的干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量。而隨著土壤氮素水平的提高,水稻干物質(zhì)快速累積時(shí)期延長(zhǎng),干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量也會(huì)隨之增加(李曉峰等,2017),這也為后期養(yǎng)分向籽粒的運(yùn)輸提供了有利條件。

      前人研究表明,固氮藍(lán)藻能促進(jìn)水稻生長(zhǎng),誘導(dǎo)植株產(chǎn)生抗性,增加水稻產(chǎn)量(Zhou et al.,2020)。本課題組前期研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)稻田中接種固氮藍(lán)藻和促生細(xì)菌SM13能提高水稻產(chǎn)量(宋維民等,2020)。本研究結(jié)果表明,在秸稈全量還田條件下,單獨(dú)施用促生細(xì)菌SM13或固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑及二者混施處理較常規(guī)施肥處理的水稻產(chǎn)量分別提高10.00%、9.80%和8.78%,且在相關(guān)分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),與產(chǎn)量呈極顯著和顯著正相關(guān)的是穗質(zhì)量和二次枝梗枝梗數(shù),且與穗質(zhì)量呈極顯著正相關(guān)的為每穴穗數(shù),與二次枝梗枝梗數(shù)呈極顯著正相關(guān)的為穗粒數(shù),而單施固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑、促生細(xì)菌SM13及二者混施后水稻穗質(zhì)量、二次枝梗枝梗數(shù)、每穴穗數(shù)和穗粒數(shù)分別表現(xiàn)出不同程度的增幅,這可能是本研究中水稻增產(chǎn)的主要原因。盡管該結(jié)果與前期研究結(jié)果相似,但與非秸稈還田下的水稻增產(chǎn)相比,推測(cè)本研究中秸稈還田條件下水稻增產(chǎn)的原因可能是固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑與促生細(xì)菌SM13在秸稈腐熟時(shí)仍能進(jìn)行有效固氮作用及分泌生長(zhǎng)激素,從而促進(jìn)水稻植株生長(zhǎng),進(jìn)而提高了水稻產(chǎn)量。前人關(guān)于固氮藍(lán)藻與植物促生細(xì)菌在農(nóng)作物中應(yīng)用的報(bào)道結(jié)果多為可提高產(chǎn)量(Rocheli et al.,2016),但其中藻類(lèi)肥料與秸稈還田的研究報(bào)道較少見(jiàn),有研究表明秸稈的浸泡液等對(duì)藻類(lèi)生長(zhǎng)有一定的抑制作用(蘇文等,2017),這可能是影響藻類(lèi)肥料在秸稈還田中應(yīng)用的原因之一。而本研究在秸稈全量還田條件下施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13后,水稻產(chǎn)量增幅較明顯??梢?jiàn),本研究中的固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13在秸稈還田技術(shù)中有著一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,有待進(jìn)一步的開(kāi)發(fā)利用。

      稻米品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣受多種因素調(diào)控。不同氮肥運(yùn)籌水平下,秸稈還田能提高稻米粘稠度和蛋白質(zhì)含量,顯著降低外觀品質(zhì)(嚴(yán)奉君等,2015),但秸稈還田后提高了稻米的食味品質(zhì),其營(yíng)養(yǎng)和外觀品質(zhì)也有所改善(劉世平等,2007;嚴(yán)奉君等,2015;陳夢(mèng)云等,2017)。本研究結(jié)果表明,秸稈還田條件下,單施促生細(xì)菌SM13或固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑及混施處理對(duì)稻米營(yíng)養(yǎng)、加工和外觀品質(zhì)均無(wú)顯著影響,但單施促生細(xì)菌SM13及混施處理均顯著改善了稻米食味品質(zhì),這可能與促生細(xì)菌SM13的促生特性有關(guān),其在分泌生長(zhǎng)激素的同時(shí),也可抑制植物病原真菌的入侵,預(yù)防水稻植株真菌性病害的發(fā)生,促進(jìn)籽粒的形成,進(jìn)而提高稻米食味品質(zhì)。本研究結(jié)果明確了秸稈還田條件下施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑與促生細(xì)菌SM13對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量及稻米品質(zhì)的作用效果,但其作用機(jī)理尚不明確,仍需進(jìn)一步研究。

      4 結(jié)論

      在秸稈還田條件下,施用固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑與促生細(xì)菌SM13具備提高水稻產(chǎn)量的潛力,且促生細(xì)菌SM13能在一定程度上改善稻米食味品質(zhì)。可見(jiàn),固氮藍(lán)藻復(fù)合菌劑和促生細(xì)菌SM13作為微生物肥料在秸稈還田中具備一定的應(yīng)用潛力,有待進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)利用。

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      (責(zé)任編輯 王 暉)

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